Chemistry of Paper

For what is thought of as an essentially mechanical process, paper manufacture involves a large amount of chemistry. The Chemistry of Paper provides an overview of the process of making paper from a chemical perspective. It deals with both the chemistry of paper as a material and the chemistry of its production, setting out the main principles involved at every stage of the process. Early chapters provide a chemical definition of paper in the light of the many uses to which it is put. Subsequent chapters deal with the chemical processes involved in the production of paper: the delignification of the wood fibres performed at elevated temperature and pressure, the bleaching of the cellulose-rich pulp using environmentally-friendly systems, the formation of the pulp into sheets of fibres strengthened by extensive inter-fibre hydrogen bonding, and finally the coating of the sheets in a manner appropriate to their end use. Chemistry is involved at every stage of the process, including carbohydrate chemistry, the chemistry of inorganic pigments and organic resins, colloid and surface chemistry, as well as elements of environmental and analytical chemistry. The Chemistry of Paper provides an informative and entertaining overview of the chemical principles involved. It will be especially suitable for students and others who require an introduction to the chemistry of paper manufacture.

An Introduction to Paper	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Definition of Paper	p. 1
Production and Consumption	p. 3
Fibre Sources	p. 4
Product Types	p. 6
Chemical Composition of Paper	p. 6
Conversion of Natural Fibres into Paper	p. 9
The Material of Paper	p. 11
Introduction	p. 11
Fibre Morphology and Wood Cell Structure	p. 11
Chemical Composition of Paper	p. 17
The Chemistry of Lignin and its Removal	p. 26
Introduction	p. 26
Lignin Structure	p. 26
The Biosynthesis and Biogenesis of Lignin in Plant Cell Walls	p. 27
Dissolution of Lignin during Pulping	p. 35
Carbohydrate Degradation during Delignification	p. 44
Bleaching	p. 48
High Purity Dissolving Pulps	p. 51
Cellulose Fibre Networks	p. 52
Introduction	p. 52
The Structure of Cellulose	p. 54
Bonding in Paper	p. 56
Mechanical Strength	p. 59
Liquid Penetration into Paper	p. 66
The Paper Formation Process	p. 69
Introduction	p. 69
Fibre Pretreatment	p. 69
The Effects of Refining	p. 72
The Sheet-forming Process	p. 86
The Surface Chemistry of Paper and the Paper-making System	p. 89
Introduction	p. 89
Surface Chemistry of Fibres and Fillers	p. 89
Polyelectrolytes in Paper Making	p. 100
Chemical Additives in the Paper Formation Process	p. 109
Introduction	p. 109
Paper Chemical Use in Specific Product Grades	p. 110
Retention and Drainage Aids	p. 111
Dry Strength Additives	p. 117
Internal Sizing	p. 124
Wet Strength	p. 131
The Surface Modification of Paper	p. 141
Introduction	p. 141
Surface Sizing	p. 142
Pigment Coating	p. 148
Recycling of Cellulose	p. 153
Introduction	p. 153
Grades of Waste Paper	p. 153
Changes in Paper and Fibres during Recycling	p. 155
Preparation of Waste Paper for Paper Making	p. 158
Paper Making and the Environment	p. 161
Introduction	p. 161
The Fibre Resource	p. 161
Waste Disposal	p. 165
Recommended Reading	p. 176
Subject Index	p. 178
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

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