Chemistry Of Polysaccharides

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ISBN: 9789067644198 | 9067644196
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 4/18/2005

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This monograph summarizes scientific achievements in the field of polysaccharide chemistry performed in the last decade. For the first time, the particular features of polysaccharide structure, physical-chemical properties and biochemical transformations in their interrelations are considered as well as the questions of polysaccharide modification along the whole hierarchical chain, including starch mono-, di-, oligo- and polysaccharides, chitin, chitozan and cellulose. Polysaccharide interactions with diverse solvents and low-molecular, macrocyclic and high-molecular substances in solutions are scrutinized. Several aspects of mechanical-chemical modification of polysaccharides in solid state and in gel are observed. Modern concepts of enzyme degradation of polysaccharides and technologies of natural polymers processing are analyzed. The book is intended for wide range of readers: students, post graduates, engineers and scientists engaged in polymer chemistry, organic and physical chemistry.

PREFACE

G.E. Zaikov

THE ROLE OF POLYSACCHARIDES AND CELLULOSE FOR MODERN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

A.G. Zakharov

CHAPTER 1. MOLECULAR COMPLEXES OF MONO- AND OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN SOLUTIONS

E.V. Parphenyuk, O.I. Davydova

(25)

Introduction

(1)

1.1. Particularities of structure and state of mono- and oligo-saccharides in solutions

(1)

1.2. Tautomeric equilibriums and conformations in solution

(2)

1.3. Stereochemistry of mono- and oligosaccharides. Its influence on aquation and reactivity

(1)

1.4. Molecular complexes of mono- and oligosaccharides with macro-cycle compounds in solutions

(10)

1.4.1. Cyclodextrines

(2)

1.4.2. Cyclophanes

(2)

1.4.3. Kraunethers

(6)

1.4.3.1. Characteristic of interactions saccharide-ether in solutions from the point of view of virial enthalpy coefficients of paired interactions

(1)

1.4.3.2. Thermodynamic parameters of molecular associates formation between some saccharides and kraunethers in water

(2)

1.4.3.3. Bulk effects of interactions in ternary systems saccharide-ether water

(2)

1.5 Interactions of mono- and oligosaccharides with small molecules presenting biological interest

(5)

1.5.1. Interactions of mono- and oligosaccharides with nitrogen-containing molecules in solutions

(1)

1.5.2. Interaction of mono- and oligosaccharides with aminoacids and peptides in water solutions

(4)

References

(6)

CHAPTER 2. CYCLODEXTRINS. PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF COMPLEXES "HOST-GUEST" AND MOLECULAR SELECTIVITY IN RELATION TO BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS

I.V. Terekhova, O.V. Kulikov

(39)

Introduction

(1)

2.1. Structure and physical-chemical properties of cyclodextrins

(4)

2.2. Complexation properties of cyclodextrins and the main directions of their practical use

(6)

2.3. Thermodynamic and structural aspects of selective interactions of cyclodextrins with some biologically active molecules in water solution

(21)

2.3.1. Approaches used for thermodynamic formulation of intermolecular interactions

(2)

2.3.2. Complexation of α- and β-cyclodextrines with bases of nucleic acids. Thermodynamic and IH NMR-spectroscopic investigatons.

(5)

2.3.3. Thermodynamics and mechanism of formation of supramolecular complexes of nature and modified cyclodextrines with some vitamins

(14)

References

(7)

CHAPTER 3. INCLUSION COMPLEXES OF AMYLOSE

A.V. Agafonov

(29)

Introduction

(1)

3.1. Structural and permolecular organization of amylose molecules in solid phase and solutions

(13)

3.1.1. Structural particularities of amylose molecules

(2)

3.1.2. The structure of inclusion compounds of amylose

(7)

3.1.3. Crystal inclusion complex iodine-amylose

(1)

3.1.4. The structure of amylose solutions

(2)

3.2. Amylose complexation with small molecules in solutions

(11)

3.2.1. Formation of inclusion complexes iodine-amylose in solutions

(6)

3.2.2. Complexation of amylose inclusion compounds with dyes in solutions

(3)

3.2.3. Catalytic effect of inclusion complexes

(2)

References

101

(5)

CHAPTER 4. PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS OF NATURE POLYMERS AND THEIR MIXTURES

E.S. Sashina, N.P. Novoselov

106

(44)

Introduction

106

(1)

4.1. Physico-chemistry of cellulose solutions and its mixtures with nature and synthetic polymers in solutions and films

106

(19)

4.1.1. Cellulose dissolving in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide and binary systems on its base

106

(6)

4.1.2. Compatibility of cellulose with nature and synthetic polymers in solutions and films

112

(13)

4.2. Physical chemistry of fibroin solutions and its compatibility with nature and synthetic polymers in solutions and films

125

(18)

4.2.1. Physical-chemical properties of fibroin solutions

125

(6)

4.2.2. Investigation of fibroin compatibility with nature and synthetic polymers in solutions and films

131

(12)

References

143

(7)

CHAPTER 5. REGULARITIES OF STRUCTURE FORMATION DURING PROCESSING OF CELLULOSE AND ITS DERIVATIVES IN THE PRESENCE OF LIQUIDS

A.G. Zakharov, A.N. Prusov

150

(71)

Introduction

150

(1)

5.1. Modern conceptions of cellulose structure

150

(6)

5.2. Physical and physical-chemical basis of cellulose activation

156

(20)

5.3. Solvation processes and structure formation in liquid-phase ether-cellulose solutions

176

(36)

References

212

(9)

CHAPTER 6. INTERACTION OF CELLULOSE AND OTHER POLYSACCHARIDES WITH WATER SYSTEMS

E.L. Akim

221

(73)

Introduction

221

(1)

6.1. The influence of water and water systems on relaxation state of cellulose and other polysaccharides

222

(15)

6.1.1. Relaxation (physical) state of cellulose

223

(5)

6.1.2. The influence of plasticizing mediums on relaxation (physical) state of polymer

228

(5)

6.1.3. The influence of water and other low-molecular liquids on relaxation state of cellulose

233

(3)

6.1.4. On the mechanism of devitrification of cellulose under the water and other low-molecular liquids action

236

(1)

6.2. Specific particularities of chemical, physical-chemical and mechano-chemical processes at hyperelastic cellulose state

237

(3)

6.3. The role of cellulose hyperelastic state under realization of its chemical transformations

240

(7)

6.4. The change of relaxation state of cellulose and some other polysaccharides under production and processing of paper and cardboard

247

(18)

6.4.1. The influence of drying on relaxation state of wood's polymer components

247

(7)

6.4.2. Change of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignine relaxation state under paper production

254

(5)

6.4.3. The influence of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignine on strength of paper sheet under the use of various fiber half-finished products

259

(6)

6.5. Multi-component cellulose suspensions

265

(12)

6.6. The role of polymer relaxation state in processes of cellulose compositional materials production

277

(12)

6.7. The role of capillary-porous structure of paper under its plating

289

(3)

References

292

(2)

CHAPTER 7. MECHANOINITIATED STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN SOLUTIONS AND LIQUID DISPERSIONS OF POLYSACCHARIDES

I.M. Lipatova, A.P. Moryganov

294

(50)

Introduction

294

(1)

7.1. Ultrasonic and hydroacoustic apparatus

295

(2)

7.2. Mechanodestruction of polysaccharides in solutions and gels

297

(10)

7.2.1. Mechanodestruction of dissolved polysaccharides initiated by ultrasonic and shearing effects

297

(6)

7.2.2. Mechanodestruction gelatinized starch under hydroacoustic effects

303

(4)

7.3. Mechanoinitiating structure processes in polysaccharides solutionsand gels

307

(12)

7.3.1. The influence of hydroacoustic effects on rheologic properties of Nacarboxymethylcellulose

308

(4)

7.3.2. Structural transformations in starch hydrogels initiated by hydroacoustic effects

312

(7)

7.4. The influence of intensive mechanical effects on starch reaction ability

319

(12)

7.4.1. The influence of hydroacoustic effects on the rate of reaction of starch heterogeneous oxidation

321

(4)

7.4.2. The influence of hydroacoustic effects on reaction rate of gelatinized starch oxidation

325

(2)

7.4.3. The influence of ultrasonic and hydroacoustic effects on the rate of acid hydrolysis of gelatinized starch

327

(4)

7.5. The examples of industrial application of rotor-impulse apparatus in technologies of speed production of modified starch materials

331

(6)

References

337

(7)

CHAPTER 8. NATURE POLYSACCHARIDES. OXIDATIVE REACTIONS OF CHITOSAN

K.Yu. Murinov, N.N. Kabal'nova, I.R. Mullagaliev, Yu.B. Monakov

344

Introduction

344

(1)

8.1. Chitosan oxidation by ozone

344

(4)

8.1.1. Chitosan oxidation by ozone in heterogeneous medium

345

(1)

8.1.2. Chitosan oxidation in homogeneous medium

345

(3)

8.2. Oxidation of chitosan by hydrogen peroxide

348

(1)

8.2.1. Oxidation of chitosan by hydrogen peroxide in heterogeneous medium

348

(1)

8.2.2. Oxidation of chitosan by hydrogen peroxide in homogeneous medium

348

(1)

8.3. Chemiluminescence under chitosan interaction with hydrogen peroxide

349

(2)

8.4. Chitosan oxidation by oxygen-containing chlorine compounds

351

(4)

8.4.1. Chitosan oxidation by sodium hypochlorite

351

(1)

8.4.2. Chitosan oxidation by sodium chlorite

352

(1)

8.4.3. Chitosan oxidation by sodium chlorite under the addition of catalytic amounts of sodium hypochlorite and nitroxyl radicals (2,2,5,5- tetramethyl-4phenyl-3-imidazolin-3oxide-1-oxyl)

352

(1)

8.4.4. Chemiluminescence under chitosan oxidation by sodium chlorite and hypochlorite

353

(1)

8.4.5. Kinetic regularities of chitosan oxidation by chlorine dioxide

354

(1)

8.5. Rheologic properties of chitosan solutions

355

(6)

8.5.1. Investigation of chitosan oxidative destruction initiated by sodium chlorite and hydrogen peroxide by rheology method

358

(3)

8.6. Investigation of chitosan sorption properties and its modified derivative

361

(6)

References

367

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Chemistry Of Polysaccharides

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