The Chemistry of Printing Inks and Their Electronics and Medical Applications

This book focuses on the chemistry of inkjet printing inks, as well to special applications of these materials. As is well-documented, this issue has literallyexploded in the literature in particular in the patent literature.

After an introductory section to the general aspects of the field, the types and uses of inkjet printing inks are summarized followed by an overview on the testing methods. Special compounds used as additives dyes, and pigments in inkjet printing inks are documented.

The applications to the medical field – drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, bioprinting in particular – are detailed.  The applications in the electronics industry are also documented such as flexible electronics, integrated circuits, liquid crystal displays, along a description of their special inks.

The book incorporates many structures of the organic compounds used for inkjet printing inks as they may not be familiar to the polymer and organic chemists.

Johannes Karl Fink is Professor of Macromolecular Chemistry at Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria. His industry and academic career spans more than 30 years in the fields of polymers, and his research interests include characterization, flame retardancy, thermodynamics and the degradation of polymers, pyrolysis, and adhesives. Professor Fink has published several books on physical chemistry and polymer science including A Concise Introduction to Additives for Thermoplastic Polymers (Wiley-Scrivener 2009), Polymeric Sensors and Actuators (Wiley-Scrivener 2012), and The Chemistry of Biobased Polymers (Wiley-Scrivener 2014).

Preface xiii

1 Inkjet Inks 1

1.1 History of Inkjet Printing 1

1.2 Image Forming Methods 3

1.3 Commercial Printing 3

1.4 Nozzle Design 4

1.5 Classification of Inks 4

1.6 Thermal Inkjet 4

1.7 Photographic Printing 5

1.8 Desirable Ink Properties 7

References 9

2 Characterization of Printer Inks 11

2.1 Quantization of Droplets 11

2.2 Solubility Parameters 13

2.3 HLB Value 15

2.4 Evaluation of Water Resistance 15

2.5 Evaluation of Rubbing Resistance 16

2.6 Evaluation of Lightfastness 16

2.7 Evaluation of Waterfastness 17

2.8 Detection of the Thermal History 18

2.9 Security Aspects 19

2.10 Characterization of Pigment 19

References 20

3 Additives for Inks 23

3.1 Print Density 23

3.2 Solvent Systems 23

3.3 Wetting Agents 25

3.4 Adhesion Improvers 26

3.5 Surfactants 26

3.6 Penetration Control 28

3.7 Controlled Encapsulation of Liquids 35

3.8 Fixing Additives 35

3.9 Humectants 36

3.10 Colorants 36

3.11 Primers 43

3.12 Antioxidants and UV Absorbers 43

3.13 Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers 45

3.14 Ozone Resistance 47

3.15 Chelating Agents 48

3.16 Corrosion Inhibitors 49

3.17 pH Control 49

3.18 Waterfastness 54

3.19 Monomers and Polymers 58

3.20 Initiators 64

3.21 Gloss Unevenness 77

3.22 Lightfastness 82

3.23 Prevention of Curling 82

3.24 Smearing 85

3.25 Smudge Resistance 89

3.26 Slipping Agents for Cured Inks 90

3.27 Scratch Resistance 91

3.28 Bronzing 91

3.29 Biocides 94

3.30 Dispersants 95

3.31 Aggregation and Color Bleeding 102

3.32 Other Additives 107

References 115

4 Dyes and Pigments 121

4.1 Dyes 121

4.2 Pigment Particles 125

4.3 Metallic Pigments 135

References 140

5 Ink Types 143

5.1 Oil-Based White Ink 143

5.2 Nonaqueous Ink Composition 144

5.3 Lightfast Inkjet Inks 147

5.4 Flame-Retardant Inkjet Inks 149

5.5 Fragrant Inkjet Ink 149

5.6 Radiation Curable Ink 158

5.7 Printing of Functional and Structural Materials 161

5.8 Coating Compositions for Paper 161

5.9 Photograph-like Gloss 162

5.10 Printing on Plastic Films 163

5.11 Printing on Glass and Metal 169

5.12 Printing on Ceramic Surfaces 170

5.13 Phase Change Inks 177

5.14 Compositions for Textile Use 188

5.15 Color Filter 189

5.16 Ingestible or Nutritional Liquid Ink Compositions 190

5.17 Etched Metal Plates 191

5.18 High Electrical Resistivity Inkjet Ink Composition 194

5.19 Curable Ink with Wax 195

5.20 Outdoor Applications 196

References 204

6 Electronic Applications 209

6.1 Radio-Frequency Identifi cation 209

6.2 Inkjet Printing of Conductive Materials 210

6.3 Selective Surface Modifi cation 210

6.4 Printing on Integrated Circuits 211

6.5 Special Inks 211

6.6 Special Applications 219

References 229

7 Medical Applications 233

7.1 Bioprinting 233

7.2 Tissue Engineering 234

7.3 Drug Delivery Systems 237

7.4 Polymeric Materials for Surface Modifi cation 261

7.5 Nanomaterials 264

7.6 Other Fabrication Methods 271

References 285

8 3D Printing 293

8.1 Basic Principles 293

8.2 Uses and Applications 294

8.3 Rapid Prototyping 297

8.4 Medical Applications 308

References 313

9 Special Aspects 317

9.1 Photographic Printing 317

9.2 Interaction between Ink and Printed Surface 319

9.3 Jetting-Out Performance 320

9.4 Microlens Arrays 322

9.5 Micro-Optical Devices 322

9.6 Nanostructured Surfaces 323

9.7 Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing 324

9.8 Planographic Printing Plate 326

9.9 Environmental Aspects and Recycling 326

References 327

Index 331

Tradenames 331

Acronyms 343

Chemicals 344

General Index 358     

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