Children and the Law: Doctrine, Policy and Practice

, by Abrams, Douglas E.; Ramsey, Sarah H.

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ISBN: 9780314263254 | 031426325X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 7/1/2003

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This casebook emphasizes doctrine, policy, and practice. It presents three central themes: the interrelated rights and obligations of children, parents, and government; ways the legal system assesses and uses children's competence to shape regulation; and the role of the child's lawyer. Volume covers several relevant international law issues, including the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, international child labor, and U.S. tobacco exports to children overseas. The authors have devoted entire chapters to the representation of children, the meaning of "parent," abuse and neglect, the foster care system, adoption, medical decision-making, support and other financial responsibilities, protective legislation, and delinquency.

Preface

Acknowledgments

Table of Cases

xxxiii

The Status, Rights and Obligations of Children

(124)

Childhood in America

(13)

Contemporary Conditions and Needs

(1)

Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development, Starting Points: Meeting the Needs of Our Youngest Children

(3)

Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development, Great Transitions: Preparing Adolescents for a New Century

(1)

Notes

(5)

The Lawyer's Role

(1)

American Bar Association Working Group on the Unmet Legal Needs of Children and Their Families, America's Children at Risk: A National Agenda for Legal Action

(1)

Notes

(2)

The Law's Evolving Conception of Children's Status, Rights and Obligations

(99)

The Status of Childhood: An Introduction

(2)

The Parens Patriae Doctrine, Parental Prerogatives, and the Child's Obligation to Obey

(1)

Common Law Background

(1)

Commentaries on the Laws of England

(1)

III William Blackstone

A Very Special Place in Life: The History of Juvenile Justice in Missouri

(1)

Douglas E. Abrams

Notes

(3)

Problem 1--1

(1)

The American Conception

(1)

The Traditional Roles of Parents and the Government

(1)

Meyer v. Nebraska

(3)

Pierce v. Society of Sisters

(1)

Notes and Questions

(2)

The Movement Toward ``Children's Rights''

(1)

Prince v. Massachusetts

(5)

Notes and Questions

(2)

Problem 1--2

(1)

A Note on Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and In re Gault (1967)

(2)

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District

(7)

Notes and Questions

(11)

Board of Education v. Earls

(5)

Notes and Questions

(3)

Problem 1--3

(1)

Reconciling Parents' and Children's Rights

(1)

Troxel v. Granville

(10)

Notes and Questions

(2)

May Children Articulate Their Own Interests?

(1)

The General Question

(1)

Wisconsin v. Yoder

(3)

Notes and Questions

(1)

The Mature--Minor Doctrine

(1)

Bellotti v. Baird

(7)

Notes and Questions

(4)

Problem 1--4

(1)

Statutory Influence

(1)

Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F.

(5)

Notes and Questions

(7)

An International--Law Basis for Children's Rights?

103

(2)

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

105

(6)

Notes and Questions

111

(2)

Perspectives on Children's Rights

113

(12)

Children's Rights: A Framework for Analysis

113

(1)

Michael S. Wald

Children's Liberation and the New Egalitarianism: Some Reservations About Abandoning Youth to Their ``Rights''

114

(3)

Bruce C. Hafen

Children, Curfews and the Constitution

117

(1)

Katherine Hunt Federle

Hatching the Egg: A Child--Centered Perspective On Parents' Rights

118

(2)

Barbara Bennett Woodhouse

What Ever Happened to Children's Rights?

120

(1)

Martha Minow

Notes and Questions

121

(2)

Problem 1--5

123

(2)

Defining the Child-Parent Relationship

125

(82)

Establishing Paternity and Maternity

125

(37)

The Importance of Marriage

125

(1)

Historical Background on Children Born to Unmarried Parents

125

(1)

Commentaries on the Laws of England

125

(1)

William Blackstone

Commentaries on American Law

126

(2)

James Kent

Note

128

(1)

Surnames

128

(3)

Unmarried Parents: The Contemporary Context

131

(1)

``Illegitimacy''

131

(1)

Constitutional and Statutory Reform

131

(2)

Intestate Succession

133

(1)

Citizenship

134

(1)

Notes and Questions

135

(3)

Who Is a ``Father''?

138

(1)

The Coming Revolution in Child Support Policy: Implications of the 1996 Welfare Act

139

(4)

Paul K. Legler

Michael H. v. Gerald D.

143

(7)

Notes and Questions

150

(3)

Problem 2--1

153

(1)

Problem 2--2

153

(1)

Who Is a ``Mother?''

154

(1)

Johnson v. Calvert

154

(6)

Notes and Questions

160

(2)

Questioning the Definition of ``Parent''

162

(24)

Applying the Law

162

(1)

Alison D. v. Virginia M.

162

(4)

Notes and Questions

166

(2)

A Note on the American Law Institute's Principles of the Law of Family Dissolution: Analysis and Recommendations (2000)

168

(1)

Problem 2--3

169

(1)

In re A.R.A

170

(3)

Notes and Questions

173

(1)

Rethinking Parenthood as an Exclusive Status: The Need for Legal Alternatives When the Premise of the Nuclear Family Has Failed

173

(2)

Katharine T. Bartlett

Notes and Questions

175

(1)

Problem 2--4

176

(1)

Problem 2--5

177

(1)

Problem 2--6

177

(1)

Problem 2--7

178

(1)

Evaluating Claims to Parenthood

179

(1)

Parents as Fiduciaries

179

(2)

Elizabeth S. Scott

Robert E. Scott

On the Duties and Rights of Parents

181

(2)

Carl E. Schneider

Re-Expressing Parenthood

183

(1)

Katharine T. Bartlett

Notes and Questions

184

(1)

A ``Modest Proposal'': State Licensing of Parents

184

(1)

Howard B. Eisenberg

Notes and Questions

185

(1)

Guardianship

186

(14)

Contested Guardianship

186

(1)

Guardianship of Phillip B.

186

(8)

Notes and Questions

194

(1)

The Guardianship of Phillip B: Jay Spears' Achievement

195

(1)

Robert H. Mnookin

The Guardian's Role

196

(1)

Reinventing Guardianship: Subsidized Guardianship, Foster Care, and Child Welfare

196

(3)

Meryl Schwartz

Notes and Questions

199

(1)

Problem 2--8

200

(1)

Emancipation: The Hastening of Adulthood

200

(7)

In re Thomas C.

200

(4)

Notes and Questions

204

(1)

Problem 2--9

205

(1)

Problem 2--10

205

(1)

Problem 2--11

206

(1)

Representing Children

207

(79)

Introduction

207

(5)

Who Speaks for the Child?

207

(1)

Leonard P. Edwards

Inger J. Sagatun

A Comprehensive Approach to the Representation of Children: The Child Advocacy Coordinating Council

208

(2)

Leonard P. Edwards

Notes

210

(2)

Children's Abilities and Legal Disabilities

212

(20)

Child Development Research

212

(1)

A Judge's Ethical Dilemma: Assessing a Child's Capacity to Choose

212

(6)

Wallace J. Mlyniec

Notes and Questions

218

(1)

Interviewing Children

219

(1)

Interviewing, Counseling, and in Court Examination of Children: Practical Approaches

219

(3)

Nancy W. Perry

Larry L. Teply

Notes and Questions

222

(1)

Children as Witnesses

222

(1)

Competency to Testify

222

(1)

Child Witnesses: Fragile Voices in the American Legal System

222

(2)

Lucy S. McGough

People v. Mitchell

224

(1)

Notes and Questions

225

(2)

Accuracy

227

(1)

The Child's Right to Sue

227

(1)

Kingsley v. Kingsley

227

(3)

Notes and Questions

230

(2)

The Role of the Child's Counsel

232

(54)

Children's Ability to Advise Counsel

232

(1)

A Paradigm for Determining the Role of Counsel For Children

233

(1)

Martin Guggenheim

The Ethics of Empowerment: Rethinking the Role of Lawyers in Interviewing and Counseling the Child Client

234

(2)

Katherine Hunt Federle

Representation of the Child in Protection Proceedings: The Determination of Decision--Making Capacity

236

(2)

Sarah H. Ramsey

The Roles and Content of Best Interests in Client-Directed Lawyering for Children in Child Protective Proceedings

238

(1)

Jean Koh Peters

Questions

239

(1)

The Traditional Role

240

(1)

Grunewald v. Technibilt Corporation

240

(3)

Notes and Questions

243

(1)

Problem 3--1

244

(1)

Counsel's Role in Abuse, Neglect and Adoption Cases

245

(1)

In re Jamie TT

245

(3)

Notes and Questions

248

(2)

In the Interest of A.W.

250

(5)

Notes and Questions

255

(2)

Problem 3--2

257

(1)

In re Jeffrey R.L.

258

(1)

Notes and Questions

259

(3)

Problem 3--3

262

(1)

A Note on the Child's Counsel in Adoption Proceedings

262

(1)

Counsel's Role in Delinquency and Status Offense Cases

263

(1)

In re Johnston

263

(4)

Notes and Questions

267

(6)

In re W.C.

273

(7)

Notes and Questions

280

(1)

A Note on Counsel for the Child in Status Offense Proceedings

280

(1)

A Note on Representation of Children in Adult Criminal Court

281

(1)

Providing Effective Representation for Youth Prosecuted As Adults, Bureau of Justice Assistance Bulletin

281

(3)

Malcolm C. Young

Problem 3--4

284

(2)

Abuse and Neglect

286

(155)

Introduction

286

(5)

Note

290

(1)

Discovering Abuse and Neglect: Reporting Statutes

291

(14)

Rethinking the Paradigm for Child Protection

292

(1)

Jane Waldfogel

Valmonte v. Bane

293

(7)

Notes and Questions

300

(5)

Problem 4--1

305

(1)

The Child Protection System: A Composite Case

305

(4)

Dep't of Health & Human Services, U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, Child Abuse and Neglect: Critical First Steps in Response to a National Emergency

305

(4)

Limits on Intervention

309

(10)

In re Knowack

310

(1)

In re Juvenile Appeal

311

(6)

Notes and Questions

317

(1)

Problem 4--2

318

(1)

Problem 4--3

319

(1)

Patterns of Abuse and Neglect

319

(54)

Neglect

320

(1)

In re S.T.

320

(6)

Notes and Questions

326

(2)

Psychological Maltreatment

328

(4)

Problem 4--4

332

(1)

Abuse

332

(1)

The Battered Child Syndrome

332

(3)

The Shaken Baby Syndrome

335

(1)

The Target Child

335

(1)

Why Do Parents Abuse Their Children?

336

(1)

Family Violence: What We Know and Can Do

337

(2)

Richard J. Gelles

The Extent and Consequences of Child Maltreatment

339

(2)

Diana J. English

Diagnosed Intellectual and Emotional Impairment Among Parents Who Seriously Mistreat Their Children: Prevalence, Type, and Outcome in a Court Sample

341

(1)

Carol Taylor

Notes and Questions

342

(1)

Corporal Punishment

343

(1)

In re C. Children

343

(1)

Notes and Questions

344

(1)

Raboin v. North Dakota Department of Human Services

345

(2)

Notes and Questions

347

(4)

Problem 4--5

351

(1)

Problem 4--6

351

(1)

Problem 4--7

352

(1)

Sexual Abuse

353

(1)

Failure to Protect

354

(1)

In re T.G.

354

(3)

Notes and Questions

357

(1)

Problem 4--8

358

(1)

Proving the Case

358

(1)

In re Nicole V.

358

(4)

Notes and Questions

362

(1)

Preventing Sexual Abuse

363

(1)

Sexual Abuse and Physical Abuse: Some Critical Differences

364

(1)

David Finkelhor

U.S. General Accounting Office, Cycle of Sexual Abuse: Research Inconclusive About Whether Child Victims Become Adult Abusers

365

(1)

Newborns With Positive Toxicologies

366

(1)

In re Dante M.

366

(4)

Notes and Questions

370

(3)

Problem 4--9

373

(1)

Duty to Investigate

373

(10)

DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services

373

(8)

Notes and Questions

381

(2)

The Prosecutor's Role

383

(2)

Questions

384

(1)

The Reasonable Efforts Requirement

385

(6)

In re N.M.W.

385

(4)

Notes and Questions

389

(2)

Problem 4--10

391

(1)

Termination of Parental Rights

391

(33)

Due Process Protections for Parents

392

(1)

Santosky v. Kramer

392

(11)

Notes and Questions

403

(1)

A Note on Lassiter v. Department of Social Services and the Right to Counsel

404

(1)

A Note on M.L.B. v. S.L.J. and the Right to Appeal

405

(1)

When Should Parental Rights Be Terminated?

406

(1)

In re Ashley A.

406

(4)

Notes and Questions

410

(2)

In re Jeffrey R.L.

412

(3)

Notes and Questions

415

(4)

In re Adoption of B.O.

419

(3)

Questions

422

(1)

Problem 4--11

423

(1)

Social Class, Ethnic, and Racial Bias

424

(10)

Overview

424

(1)

U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, Child Abuse and Neglect: Critical First Steps In Response to a National Emergency

424

(1)

Poverty and Race

425

(1)

Children of Color in the Child Welfare System: Toward Explaining Their Disproportionate Involvement in Comparison to Their Numbers in the General Population, Executive Summary

425

(3)

Richard P. Barth

Shattered Bonds

428

(1)

Dorothy Roberts

Note

429

(1)

The Indian Child Welfare Act

430

(3)

Understanding Cultural Context

433

(1)

Making Differences Work: Cultural Context in Abuse and Neglect Practice for Judges and Attorneys

433

(1)

Karen Aileen Howze

Notes

434

(1)

Finding a Cure

434

(7)

Effective Intervention With Neglectful Families

434

(1)

James M. Gaudin

Prevention of Child Neglect: Emerging Issues

435

(2)

David Wolfe

Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting and Investigation: Policy Guidelines for Decision Making

437

(2)

Douglas J. Besharov

Notes and Questions

439

(2)

Foster Care

441

(103)

The Current Status of Foster Care

441

(9)

U.S. General Accounting Office, Child Welfare: Complex Needs Strain Capacity to Provide Services

442

(1)

U.S. General Accounting Office, Foster Care: State Efforts to Improve the Permanency Planning Process Show Some Promise

443

(2)

Congressional Research Service, Adoption Promotion Legislation in the 105th Congress

445

(2)

Karen Spar

Notes

447

(3)

The Court's Role in Permanency Planning

450

(4)

Child Protection Cases in a Unified Family Court

450

(3)

Mark Hardin

Notes

453

(1)

The Child's Right to a ``Family''

454

(27)

Smith v. Organization of Foster Families for Equality and Reform

454

(11)

Notes and Questions

465

(5)

In re Ashley K

470

(5)

Procopio v. Johnson

475

(4)

Notes and Questions

479

(1)

Problem 5--1

480

(1)

The Child's Right to Services and Protection from Harm

481

(30)

Suter v. Artist M.

481

(3)

Notes and Questions

484

(1)

Problem 5--2

485

(1)

LaShawn A. v. Kelly

485

(13)

Marisol A. v. Giuliani

498

(10)

Notes and Questions

508

(3)

Liability for Harm

511

(8)

Kara B. v. Dane County

511

(5)

Notes and Questions

516

(2)

Problem 5--3

518

(1)

Types of Placements

519

(25)

Foster Parents

519

(1)

Kinship Care: Relatives as Foster Parents

519

(1)

U.S. General Accounting Office, Child Welfare: Complex Needs Strain Capacity to Provide Services

519

(1)

Notes and Questions

520

(2)

Problem 5--4

522

(1)

Racial and Ethnic Matching

522

(1)

Religious Matching

523

(1)

Institutional Care

523

(1)

Placements and Poverty

523

(1)

``Let Them Starve'': Government's Obligation to Children in Poverty

524

(2)

Sarah Ramsey

Daan Braveman

Notes and Questions

526

(3)

Types of Facilities

529

(1)

Guardianship

530

(1)

Guardianship Petition of Lupe C.

530

(4)

Questions

534

(1)

Reinventing Guardianship: Subsidized Guardianship, Foster Care, and Child Welfare

534

(3)

Meryl Schwartz

Notes

537

(1)

Problem 5--5

537

(1)

Problem 5--6

538

(1)

Independent Living

538

(1)

Extending Non-Exclusive Parenting and the Right to Protection for Older Foster Children: Creating Third Options in Permanency Planning

538

(4)

Susan Vivian Mangold

Note

542

(2)

Criminal Abuse and Neglect

544

(113)

Abuse, Neglect and Child Endangerment

544

(26)

Commonwealth v. Ogin

544

(6)

Notes and Questions

550

(6)

Problem 6--1

556

(1)

Problem 6--2

556

(1)

Problem 6--3

556

(1)

Problem 6--4

557

(1)

State v. Crawford

557

(5)

Notes and Questions

562

(2)

A Note on Parental--Liability Statutes

564

(3)

Problem 6--5

567

(1)

A Note on the ``Cultural Defense'' to Abuse, Neglect or Endangerment Prosecutions

567

(2)

Problem 6--6

569

(1)

Sexual Abuse

570

(73)

The Nature of the Problem

570

(1)

Castrating Pedophiles Convicted of Sex Offenses Against Children: New Treatment or Old Punishment?

570

(2)

William Winslade

Terminating the Parent--Child Relationship as a Response to Child Sexual Abuse

572

(1)

Donald C. Bross

The Basis for Criminal Intervention

573

(1)

Terminating the Parent-Child Relationship as a Response to Child Sexual Abuse

573

(2)

Donald C. Bross

Ferris v. Santa Clara County

575

(1)

Notes and Questions

576

(8)

Problem 6--7

584

(1)

Proving the Case

584

(1)

Difficulties of Proof

585

(1)

The Reliability of Expert Psychological Testimony in Child Sexual Abuse Prosecutions

585

(1)

Lisa R. Askowitz

Michael H. Graham

The Child Victim's Testimony

586

(1)

Remaking Confrontation Clause and Hearsay Doctrine Under the Challenge of Child Sexual Abuse Prosecutions

586

(2)

Robert P. Mosteller

Notes and Questions

588

(2)

Idaho v. Wright

590

(8)

Notes and Questions

598

(1)

Problem 6--8

599

(1)

Maryland v. Craig

599

(7)

Notes and Questions

606

(5)

Problem 6--9

611

(1)

Problem 6--10

612

(1)

Problem 6--11

612

(1)

Expert Testimony

613

(1)

Expert Testimony in Child Sexual Abuse Litigation

613

(7)

John E.B. Myers

Note

620

(1)

Prospective Restraints on the Offender

621

(1)

Civil Commitment

622

(1)

Kansas v. Hendricks

622

(8)

Notes and Questions

630

(4)

Registration and Community Notification

634

(1)

Connecticut Department of Public Safety v. Doe

635

(3)

Notes and Questions

638

(5)

Child Pornography

643

(14)

New York v. Ferber

643

(7)

Notes and Questions

650

(7)

Adoption

657

(105)

Introduction

657

(2)

The Emergence of a Modern American Family Law: Child Custody, Adoption, and the Courts, 1796--1851

657

(1)

Jamil S. Zainaldin

Notes and Questions

658

(1)

Who May Adopt a Child?

659

(19)

In the Interest of Angel Lace M

659

(7)

Notes and Questions

666

(9)

Problem 7--1

675

(1)

Problem 7--2

676

(1)

A Note on ``Equitable Adoption''

677

(1)

Adoption Intermediaries and Their Regulation

678

(19)

Agency Adoptions and Private Placements

678

(1)

The Privatization of Family Law

678

(3)

Jana B. Singer

Notes and Questions

681

(4)

A Note on the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children

685

(2)

Baby Selling

687

(1)

State v. Clark

687

(2)

Notes and Questions

689

(2)

The Regulation of the Market in Adoptions

691

(4)

Richard A. Posner

Notes and Questions

695

(2)

The Consent Requirement

697

(35)

The Requirement of Informed and Voluntary Consent

697

(1)

Note and Questions

698

(1)

Problem 7--3

699

(1)

The Rights of Unwed Parents

699

(1)

The Constitutional Law

700

(1)

Stanley v. Illinois

700

(5)

Notes and Questions

705

(1)

Lehr v. Robertson

705

(9)

Notes and Questions

714

(4)

Problem 7--4

718

(1)

A Note on Putative Father Registries

719

(2)

Problem 7--5

721

(1)

Strains on the Constitutional Law

721

(1)

In re Petition of Doe

722

(1)

In re Petition of Doe

723

(3)

Notes and Questions

726

(5)

Problem 7--6

731

(1)

Problem 7--7

732

(1)

Open Adoption

732

(5)

In re Adoption of C.H.

733

(2)

Notes and Questions

735

(2)

Cultural and Religious Identity

737

(10)

Transracial Adoption

737

(2)

Transracial Adoption (TRA): Old Prejudices and Discrimination Float Under a New Halo

739

(2)

Ruth--Arlene W. Howe

Orphans of Separatism: The Painful Politics of Transracial Adoption

741

(2)

Randall Kennedy

Notes and Questions

743

(2)

Native American Adoption

745

(1)

Religion

745

(2)

International Adoption

747

(1)

Post-Adoption Disputes

748

(9)

Gibbs v. Ernst

748

(6)

Notes and Questions

754

(3)

Problem 7--8

757

(1)

Adoptees' Rights to ``Learn Their Roots''

757

(5)

Notes and Questions

759

(3)

Medical Decision-Making

762

(93)

Decision-Making Authority

762

(30)

In re E.G.

762

(5)

Notes and Questions

767

(3)

Problem 8--1

770

(1)

Problem 8--2

771

(1)

Problem 8--3

771

(1)

Problem 8--4

771

(1)

Problem 8--5

772

(1)

Parham v. J. R.

772

(14)

Notes and Questions

786

(2)

A Note on Safe Conditions

788

(4)

Problem 8--6

792

(1)

Problem 8--7

792

(1)

Medical Neglect

792

(28)

Determining Neglect

792

(1)

Newmark v. Williams/DCPS

792

(6)

Notes and Questions

798

(1)

Problem 8--8

799

(1)

Spiritual Treatment Exemptions

800

(1)

The Death of Ian Lundman: The Facts

800

(1)

Lundman v. McKown

800

(2)

The Criminal Case

802

(1)

State v. McKown

802

(4)

Notes and Questions

806

(1)

The Civil Case

807

(1)

Lundman v. McKown

807

(10)

Notes and Questions

817

(2)

Problem 8--9

819

(1)

Problem 8--10

819

(1)

Problem 8--11

820

(1)

Withholding Medical Care

820

(13)

Infants

820

(1)

Withholding Medical Treatment From Infants: When is it Child Neglect?

820

(4)

Kathleen Knepper

Notes and Questions

824

(3)

Older Children

827

(1)

Rosebush v. Oakland County Prosecutor

827

(5)

Notes and Questions

832

(1)

Problem 8--12

833

(1)

Bone Marrow and Organ Donation

833

(10)

Curran v. Bosze

833

(7)

Notes and Questions

840

(1)

Problem 8--13

841

(1)

Problem 8--14

841

(2)

Experimentation

843

(6)

In re Nikolas E.

843

(4)

Notes and Questions

847

(2)

Who Pays for the Child's Medical Care?

849

(6)

Madison General Hospital v. Haack

849

(3)

Notes and Questions

852

(3)

Financial Responsibility and Control

855

(87)

The Child Support Obligation

855

(51)

Historical Background

855

(1)

Haxton v. Haxton

855

(4)

Notes and Questions

859

(2)

Scope of Obligation

861

(1)

Biological Relationship as the Obligation's Source

861

(1)

State ex rel. Hermesmann v. Seyer

861

(4)

Notes and Questions

865

(1)

Brad Michael L. v. Lee D.

865

(3)

Questions

868

(1)

Stepparents and In Loco Parentis

869

(1)

Commonwealth Ex Rel. McNutt v. McNutt

869

(1)

Notes and Questions

870

(1)

Problem 9--1

871

(1)

The Government's Obligation

872

(3)

Williams ex rel. Ricard v. Humphreys

875

(3)

Notes and Questions

878

(2)

A Note on Teenage Parents

880

(1)

Office of the Assistant Secretary For Planning Evaluation, Health & Human Services, Implementing Welfare Reform Requirements for Teenage Parents: Lessons From Experience in Four States

881

(2)

Robert G. Wood

John Burghardt

Note

883

(1)

A Note on Homeless Children

884

(4)

Problem 9--2

888

(1)

The Child's Responsibilities

888

(1)

Oeler v. Oeler

888

(3)

Notes and Questions

891

(1)

Problem 9--3

892

(1)

Problem 9--4

893

(1)

Amount

894

(1)

The Federalization of Child Support Guidelines

894

(4)

Linda Henry Elrod

Questions

898

(1)

Collection

898

(1)

The Coming Revolution in Child Support Policy: Implications of the 1996 Welfare Act

898

(6)

Paul K. Legler

Notes

904

(2)

Capacity to Contract

906

(11)

Mitchell v. Mizerski

906

(3)

Notes and Questions

909

(7)

Problem 9--5

916

(1)

Problem 9--6

916

(1)

Problem 9--7

916

(1)

The Child's Property

917

(8)

Uniform Transfers to Minors Act

917

(2)

Use of the Child's Assets

919

(1)

Sutliff v. Sutliff

919

(3)

Notes and Questions

922

(2)

Problem 9--8

924

(1)

Problem 9--9

924

(1)

Problem 9--10

924

(1)

Torts and Family Relations

925

(17)

Liability

925

(1)

Standard v. Shine

925

(2)

Notes and Questions

927

(4)

Problem 9--11

931

(1)

Problem 9--12

932

(1)

Problem 9--13

932

(1)

Immunity

932

(1)

Hartman v. Hartman

932

(4)

Notes and Questions

936

(1)

Problem 9--14

937

(1)

Release, Waiver and Settlement

937

(2)

Notes and Questions

939

(2)

Problem 9--15

941

(1)

Problem 9--16

941

(1)

Regulation of Children's Conduct

942

(108)

Child Labor Laws

942

(27)

The Historical Background and the Present Situation

942

(1)

``Who Owns the Child?'': Meyer and Pierce and the Child as Property

942

(4)

Barbara Bennett Woodhouse

American Academy of Pediatrics, The Hazards of Child Labor

946

(2)

Notes and Questions

948

(3)

The Sources of Regulation

951

(1)

Introductory Problem

951

(1)

State Regulation

952

(1)

Michigan Compiled Laws

952

(3)

Notes and Questions

955

(4)

Federal Regulation

959

(1)

Fair Labor Standards Act

959

(2)

Notes and Questions

961

(4)

Private Enforcement

965

(1)

Henderson v. Bear

965

(2)

Notes and Questions

967

(2)

Alcohol Regulation

969

(14)

The Minimum Drinking Age

969

(1)

The Minimum Drinking Age for Young People: An Observation

969

(3)

Michael P. Rosenthal

Notes and Questions

972

(1)

Do Criminal and Civil Enforcement Work?

973

(1)

Reducing Underage Drinking and its Consequences

973

(1)

Michael Klitzner

Law Officers' Views on Enforcement of the Minimum Drinking Age: A Four--State Study

974

(4)

Mark Wolfson

Notes and Questions

978

(2)

Problem 10--1

980

(1)

A Note on Dram--Shop and Social--Host Liability

980

(2)

Problem 10--2

982

(1)

Problem 10--3

983

(1)

Tobacco Regulation

983

(8)

Problem 10--4

990

(1)

Driving Privileges

991

(4)

American Academy of Pediatrics, The Teenage Driver

991

(1)

Notes and Questions

992

(2)

Problem 10--5

994

(1)

Health, Safety and Welfare Regulation

995

(10)

Child Highway Safety

995

(3)

A Note on Personal and Family Autonomy

998

(1)

Problem 10--6

999

(1)

Problem 10--7

1000

(1)

Gambling

1000

(1)

Firearms

1001

(2)

Other Harmful Conduct

1003

(2)

Juvenile Curfews

1005

(19)

Hutchins v. District of Columbia

1005

(13)

Notes and Questions

1018

(6)

Problem 10--8

1024

(1)

Status Offenses

1024

(26)

The Nature of Status--Offense Jurisdiction

1024

(1)

Overview

1024

(1)

Ohio Revised Code Annotated

1025

(1)

Notes and Questions

1025

(1)

Ungovernability

1026

(1)

In the Matter of Leif Z.

1026

(3)

Notes and Questions

1029

(1)

Truancy

1030

(1)

Runaways

1031

(1)

The Scope of the Problem

1031

(2)

Federal and State Legislation

1033

(2)

The Deinstitutionalization Mandate

1035

(1)

Matter of Jennifer G.

1035

(6)

Notes and Questions

1041

(3)

The Future of Status--Offense Jurisdiction

1044

(2)

National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges, A New Approach To Runaway, Truant, Substance Abusing, and Beyond Control Children

1046

(1)

Notes and Questions

1047

(3)

Delinquency

1050

(193)

Juvenile Crime in America

1050

(7)

A Very Special Place in Life: The History of Juvenile Justice in Missouri

1050

(2)

Douglas E. Abrams

Notes and Questions

1052

(5)

The Juvenile Court as an Institution

1057

(10)

The Juvenile Court's Original Conception

1057

(3)

Individualized rehabilitation and treatment

1060

(1)

Civil jurisdiction

1061

(1)

Informal procedure

1062

(2)

Confidentiality

1064

(1)

Incapacitation of children separate from adults

1065

(1)

The Contemporary Juvenile Court

1065

(2)

The Contours of Delinquency

1067

(30)

Introductory Problem

1067

(1)

The Infancy Defense

1067

(1)

Gammons v. Berlat

1067

(4)

Notes and Questions

1071

(1)

The Insanity Defense

1072

(1)

Golden v. State

1073

(2)

Notes and Questions

1075

(1)

Transfer: The ``Adultification'' of Juvenile Crime

1076

(1)

Juveniles Transferred to Criminal Court: Legal Reform Proposals Based on Social Science Research

1076

(3)

Richard E. Redding

State v. Mitchell

1079

(7)

Problem 11--1

1086

(1)

Problem 11--2

1087

(1)

Notes and Questions

1088

(9)

Delinquency Procedure

1097

(132)

Overview

1097

(1)

President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Task Force Report: Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime

1097

(2)

Arrest and Custody

1099

(1)

Arrest

1099

(1)

Maine Revised Statutes, Title 15

1099

(1)

Notes and Questions

1100

(2)

Search and Seizure

1102

(1)

New Jersey v. T.L.O.

1102

(5)

Notes and Questions

1107

(7)

Problem 11--3

1114

(1)

Problem 11--4

1114

(1)

Board of Education v. Earls

1115

(1)

Notes and Questions

1115

(1)

Problem 11--5

1116

(1)

Problem 11--6

1116

(1)

Problem 11--7

1117

(1)

Interrogation and Confession

1117

(1)

Fare v. Michael C.

1118

(6)

Notes and Questions

1124

(7)

Intake and Diversion

1131

(1)

Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report

1131

(1)

Howard N. Snyder

Melissa Sickmund

Notes and Questions

1132

(2)

Preventive Detention

1134

(1)

Schall v. Martin

1134

(9)

Notes and Questions

1143

(4)

The Adjudicatory Hearing

1147

(1)

Gault and the ``Constitutional Domestication'' of Delinquency

1147

(2)

In re Gault

1149

(14)

Notes and Questions

1163

(10)

Competency to Participate in the Proceeding

1173

(1)

Matter of Welfare of D.D.N.

1173

(3)

Notes and Questions

1176

(1)

Jury Trial

1177

(1)

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

1178

(5)

Notes and Questions

1183

(4)

Speedy Trial

1187

(1)

In the Matter of Benjamin L.

1187

(4)

Notes and Questions

1191

(1)

Disposition

1192

(1)

General Standards

1192

(1)

Serious and Violent Juvenile Crime: A Comprehensive Strategy

1193

(3)

John J. Wilson

James C. Howell

Notes and Questions

1196

(9)

A Note on Innovative Dispositions

1205

(2)

The Right to Treatment

1207

(2)

Alexander S. v. Boyd

1209

(3)

Note and Questions

1212

(1)

A Note on Federal Enforcement

1212

(3)

Notes and Questions

1215

(6)

Note

1221

(1)

A Note on the Juvenile Death Penalty

1221

(3)

Appeal

1224

(1)

Notes and Questions

1224

(2)

Problem 11--8

1226

(1)

A Note on Federal Delinquency Jurisdiction

1226

(3)

The Juvenile Court's Future

1229

(14)

Abolish the Juvenile Court: Youthfulness, Criminal Responsibility, and Sentencing Policy

1230

(4)

Barry C. Feld

Leaving Bad Enough Alone: A Response to the Juvenile Court Abolitionists

1234

(5)

Irene Merker Rosenberg

Notes and Questions

1239

(2)

Problem 11--9

1241

(2)

Index

1243

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Children and the Law: Doctrine, Policy and Practice

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