Children's Reasoning and the Mind

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ISBN: 9780863778544 | 0863778542
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/1/2000

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This dynamic book offers an investigation into the development of the cognitive processes that underpin judgements about mental states. It addresses specific issues that have not been adequately dealt with in the past.

List of contributors

xiii

Making judgements about mental states: Processes and inferences

(10)

Kevin J. Riggs

Peter Mitchell

Introduction

(1)

History

(4)

Preview of the volume

(4)

References

(1)

The grounding of symbols: A social--developmental account

(26)

R. Peter Hobson

Introduction

(1)

The nature of symbols

(5)

Symbolising in play

(7)

The social--developmental origins of symbolising

(2)

Personal pronouns

(1)

Suggestive evidence from developmental psychopathology

(4)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(5)

A proposal for the development of a mental vocabulary, with special reference to pretence and false belief

(30)

Robert W. Mitchell

Introduction

(1)

The analogy to other minds

(1)

One's own (and another's) experiences

(2)

Extrapolation from one's own case to another's

(2)

Responses

(1)

Ascribing experiences at all

(3)

Language and mental state understanding

(2)

Theories and stories

(5)

Ideas and Implications

(2)

Pretence

(7)

Notes

(1)

Acknowledgements

(1)

References

(4)

Reasoning from false premises

(20)

Paul L. Harris

Hilary J. Leevers

Introduction

(1)

Research on adults in the Soviet Union and Western Africa

(1)

Research on pre-school children using fantasy content

(1)

Research on pre-school children using make-believe prompts

(4)

Persisting effects of instruction

(4)

Counterfactual, causal reasoning

(4)

The understanding of belief

(3)

Conclusions

(1)

Acknowledgement

(1)

References

(2)

Counterfactual thinking in pre-school children: Mental state and causal inferences

(14)

Kevin J. Riggs

Donald M. Peterson

Introduction

(2)

The false belief task as a reasoning task

(2)

Empirical support

(4)

Other findings in the literature

(3)

Summary

(1)

Notes

(1)

Acknowledgements

(1)

References

(2)

What is difficult about counterfactual reasoning?

101

(20)

Elizabeth J. Robinson

Sarah Beck

Counterfactuals in relation to future hypotheticals

102

(2)

Are children's errors realist errors?

104

(1)

Do children get trapped in current reality?

105

(1)

Modifying the child's information about the true state of affairs

106

(2)

Modifying the availability of the counterfactual alternative

108

(2)

Interim conclusion

110

(1)

Counternormals and future hypotheticals

110

(2)

Mental representations and theories of mind

112

(4)

Counterfactuals, future hypotheticals and causes

116

(1)

Notes

117

(1)

Acknowledgement

117

(1)

References

117

(4)

Beyond really and truly: Children's counterfactual thinking about pretend and possible worlds

121

(28)

Eric Amsel

David Smalley

Introduction

121

(1)

counterfactual reasoning and playing pretend

122

(10)

Counterfactual thinking and pondering possibilities

132

(9)

Summary, conclusions, and implications

141

(2)

Notes

143

(1)

Acknoledgements

144

(1)

References

144

(5)

Theory of mind, domain specificity, and reasoning

149

(20)

Douglas Frye

Introduction

149

(3)

Cognitive complexity and control theory

152

(3)

Extensions to the account

155

(2)

Example evidence

157

(1)

Challenges for the account

158

(4)

Counterfactuality and CCC theory

162

(2)

Conclusion

164

(1)

Note

164

(1)

Acknowledgements

165

(1)

References

165

(4)

Self-reflection and the development of consciously controlled processing

169

(22)

Philip David Sales

Introduction

169

(1)

Age-related changes in action control: A brief review

170

(2)

A theoretical account of age-related changes in action control: The cognitive complexity and control (CCC) theory

172

(2)

Age-related abulic dissociations

174

(1)

The levels of consciousness (LOC) framework

175

(8)

Comparison with other approaches

183

(2)

Conclusion

185

(1)

Notes

186

(1)

Acknowledgements

186

(1)

References

186

(5)

Linguistic determination and the understanding of false beliefs

191

(38)

Jill G. de Villiers

Peter A. de Villiers

Introduction

191

(1)

Overview of general theoretical positions on language of mind

191

(9)

Empirical data to distinguish the positions

200

(17)

The continuity objection

217

(2)

Theoretical variants of the strong position

219

(3)

Conclusion

222

(1)

Notes

223

(1)

Acknowledgements

224

(1)

References

224

(5)

Attending to and learning about mental states

229

(24)

Tim P. German

Alan M. Leslie

Overview

229

(1)

Introduction

230

(9)

Information processing and the theory of mind mechanism

239

(9)

Conclusions

248

(1)

Notes

249

(1)

Acknowledgements

249

(1)

References

249

(4)

Children's understanding of belief: Why is it important to understand what happened?

253

(14)

Heinz Wimmer

Andreas Gschaider

What does it mean to understand ``believe''?

254

(2)

Developmental issues

256

(7)

Conclusion

263

(2)

References

265

(2)

False beliefs about false beliefs

267

(14)

William V. Fabricius

Alison Imbens-Bailey

Introduction

267

(1)

The 3-year-old dilemma

267

(2)

Reconsideration of 3-year-olds' understanding of mental states

269

(4)

Reconsideration of 4-year-olds' understanding of mental states

273

(5)

Summary

278

(1)

Notes

278

(1)

References

279

(2)

Belief as construction: Inference and processing bias

281

(20)

Peter Mitchell

Haruo Kikuno

Introduction

281

(1)

State change

282

(2)

Hindsight: Adults also show bias in judging false belief?

284

(3)

Cognitive availability

287

(1)

Bias in recall

288

(2)

Processing accounts

290

(1)

Response time as a clue to processing complexity

291

(2)

The bias of a realist bias

293

(2)

Facilitating the processing of correct belief content

295

(3)

Conclusion

298

(1)

References

298

(3)

Theory of mind, metacognition, and reasoning: A life-span perspective

301

(26)

Deanna Kuhn

The developmental origins of meta-knowing

302

(2)

Metacognitive knowing

304

(4)

Metastrategic knowing

308

(2)

Linking metastrategic and metacognitive knowing

310

(2)

Meta-knowing and the origins of scientific reasoning

312

(4)

Epistemological meta-knowing

316

(4)

Meta-knowing in developmental perspective

320

(2)

References

322

(5)

Causal reasoning and behaviour in children and adults in a technologically advanced society: Are we still prepared to believe in magic and animism?

327

(22)

Eugene Subbotsky

Introduction

327

(2)

Studies of children's causal thinking: From magic to physical causality

329

(5)

Scientific and non-scientific modes of thinking in a developmental perspective

334

(1)

Childre's perception of unusual phenomena

335

(2)

Children's and adults' judgements and behaviour in scientific and non-scientific contexts

337

(4)

Concluding remarks

341

(4)

Notes

345

(1)

Acknowledgments

345

(1)

References

345

(4)

Communication and representation: Why mentalistic reasoning is a lifelong endeavour

349

(18)

Norman H. Freeman

Introduction

349

(1)

Varieties of representational interest

350

(2)

Prosthetic representational reasoning

352

(4)

Mentalistic reasoning with pictures

356

(3)

Acquisition of an intentional theory of pictures

359

(5)

Overall conclusions

364

(1)

References

365

(2)

About + Belief + Counterfactual

367

(36)

Josef Perner

No interesting development

368

(7)

Aboutness, representation and mental causation

375

(3)

Language

378

(1)

Executive functions and cognitive complexity

379

(6)

Counterfactuality

385

(9)

Simulation

394

(2)

Conclusion

396

(1)

Notes

397

(1)

References

397

(6)

Author index

403

(10)

Subject index

413

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Children's Reasoning and the Mind

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Children's Reasoning and the Mind

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