Chips, Clones, and Living Beyond 100 How Far

Writing for every interested citizen and consumer, the Schoemakers illuminate the hottest technologies and most controversial issues associated with contemporary biotechnology, including stem cells, cloning, pharmacogenetics, DNA chips, and much more.

Paul J. H. Schoemaker, Ph.D. is Research Director of the Mack Center for Technological Innovation at The Wharton School, where he teaches strategy and decision making. Dr. Schoemaker is also the founder and chairman of Decision Strategies International, Inc., a consulting and training firm specializing in strategic planning and executive development. He has written more than 100 academic and applied papers as well as coauthored numerous books, including Decision Traps, Wharton on Managing Emerging Technologies, Winning Decisions, Profiting from Uncertainty, and Peripheral Vision. He serves on multiple boards.

Joyce A. Schoemaker, Ph.D. has conducted basic research in microbiology and molecular genetics at the University of Chicago and taught microbiology at Villanova University. She has held positions in research and management at several biotechnology companies, including Celltech in London, and has published numerous scientific articles in biology. She is coauthor of Healthy Homes, Healthy Kids: Protecting Your Children From Everyday Environmental Hazards. Dr. Schoemaker has a long-standing interest in environmental issues as well as the emerging biosciences.

Foreword	p. xii
Preface	p. xiv
Living well beyond 100	p. 1
Great progress made, much more to come	p. 1
Medical challenges and promises	p. 4
Living well versus living longer	p. 7
Social challenges and promises	p. 10
Can we afford old age?	p. 11
Government and business	p. 13
The journey ahead	p. 17
A short history of biomedicine	p. 21
Improving hygiene	p. 21
The power of immunology	p. 23
Monoclonal antibodies	p. 24
The discovery of antibiotics	p. 25
The DNA revolution	p. 26
Recombinant DNA and cloning	p. 27
Biotechnology	p. 29
Unraveling the code	p. 31
Conclusion	p. 33
Snapshot of the biosciences	p. 35
DNA-based technologies	p. 35
Genomics	p. 37
Genetic testing	p. 37
DNA chips	p. 39
Pharmacogenetics	p. 40
Cloning	p. 41
Gene therapy	p. 43
RNA-based technologies	p. 45
Antisense technology	p. 45
RNA interference (RNAi)	p. 46
Protein-based technologies	p. 46
Vaccines	p. 47
Monoclonal Antibodies	p. 48
Proteomics	p. 49
Cell-based and other technologies	p. 50
Stem cells	p. 50
Antimicrobials	p. 51
Conclusion	p. 52
Bio-driven convergence	p. 57
Converging technologies	p. 58
Telemedicine	p. 58
Remote diagnostics	p. 59
Biological drug factories	p. 59
Biochips	p. 59
Tissue engineering	p. 60
Imaging	p. 61
Multidirectional synergies	p. 62
Shifting industry boundaries	p. 64
Healthcare and IT	p. 65
Medical information handling	p. 65
Medical data storage	p. 66
Computers and drug discovery	p. 66
Remote monitoring and the wired home	p. 67
Reshaping bioinformatics	p. 67
Bioinformatics and gene banks	p. 69
Personalized medicine	p. 70
Systems biology and holistic medicine	p. 70
Biosensors	p. 72
Nano devices	p. 72
Commercialization challenges	p. 73
Technological challenges: biocompatibility	p. 74
Regulatory challenges: clinical safety and efficacy	p. 74
Political challenges: privacy and ownership	p. 74
Social challenges: consumer advocacy	p. 75
The road ahead	p. 76
The business of biomedicine	p. 79
The pharmaceutical industry	p. 79
Diminishing drug pipelines	p. 82
The biotechnology sector	p. 85
Medical device industry	p. 89
Cardiovascular device segment	p. 89
Orthopedic device segment	p. 91
Neurological device segment	p. 91
Medical diagnostics industry	p. 92
Laboratory testing	p. 93
Point-of-care (POC) patient monitoring and diagnosis	p. 94
Prevention and disease management	p. 95
Conclusions	p. 97
Healthcare under stress	p. 101
Stress in developed nations	p. 103
Healthcare funding	p. 104
Major diseases of the developed world	p. 105
Cardiovascular diseases	p. 106
Cancer	p. 106
Stress in developing nations	p. 107
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)	p. 109
Malaria	p. 111
Which technologies will succeed?	p. 113
Illustrative cases	p. 114
AIDS and malaria	p. 115
Cardiovascular diseases	p. 115
Cancer	p. 116
Wildcards for the future	p. 125
Trends versus uncertainties	p. 125
Wildcards	p. 127
Society and politics	p. 127
Public support of the biosciences?	p. 127
A major pandemic?	p. 129
Biotech rogue states?	p. 130
Science and technology	p. 131
Raging success or major meltdown?	p. 131
Role of complementary industries?	p. 132
Intellectual property regimes?	p. 133
Qualified staff for healthcare and research?	p. 133
Business and economics	p. 134
Economic growth and global power shifts?	p. 134
Venture capital and other funding sources?	p. 135
Climate change and resource scarcity?	p. 135
A scenario framework	p. 136
The first overarching uncertainty: technological success	p. 137
The second overarching uncertainty: societal acceptance	p. 137
Multiple scenarios are possible	p. 138
The role of stakeholders	p. 141
Scenarios up to 2025	p. 143
Bio gridlock scenario	p. 143
The view from 2025	p. 143
How we got here	p. 145
The world we live in	p. 150
Analogous cases: Nuclear power, GMOs	p. 151
Golden age scenario	p. 153
The view from 2025	p. 154
How we got here	p. 154
The world we live in	p. 158
Analogous case: information technology	p. 160
What it all means	p. 163
You and your family	p. 163
At work	p. 168
Business and commerce	p. 170
Society at large	p. 172
DNA, RNA, and protein	p. 177
Molecules of inheritance	p. 177
The structure of DNA	p. 178
Cracking the code	p. 179
Making proteins	p. 180
Regulating gene expression	p. 181
Cloning genes	p. 183
Restriction enzymes	p. 183
Cloning procedure	p. 184
Complexity of the genome	p. 187
Non-Coding RNAs	p. 187
SNP variations	p. 188
Glossary of Biomedical Terms	p. 191
Acknowledgments	p. 199
About the Authors	p. 201
Index	p. 203
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Chips, Clones, and Living Beyond 100 How Far Will the Biosciences Take Us?

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