City Walls: The Urban Enceinte in Global

The essays presented in this volume describe a phenomenon so widespread in human time and space that its importance is easily overlooked. City walls shaped the history of warfare; the mobilization of manpower and resources needed to build them favored some kinds of polities over others; and their massive strength, appropriately ornamented, created a visual language of authority. Chapters by historians and art historians explore how separate traditions throughout the world illustrate universal themes of defensive strategy and the symbolism of power, each time embedded in a distinctive local context.

List of Figures

xi

Contributors

xvii

Acknowledgments

xix

Introduction

1

(18)

James D. Tracy

PART I TO WALL OR NOT TO WALL

Contained communities in tropical Africa

19

(27)

Graham Connah

Palisaded settlements in prehistoric eastern North America

46

(25)

George R. Milner

To wall or not to wall: Evidence from medieval Germany

71

(17)

James D. Tracy

Medieval walled space: Urban development vs. defense

88

(29)

Kathryn L. Reyerson

A world without walls: City and town in colonial Spanish America

117

(38)

Richard L. Kagan

PART II WALLS OF WAR

The fortifications of Epaminondas and the rise of the monumental Greek city

155

(37)

Frederick A. Cooper

Imperial walled cities in the West: An examination of their early medieval Nachleben

192

(27)

bernard S. Bachrach

Walled cities in Islamic North Africa and Egypt with particular reference to the Fatamids (909-1171)

219

(28)

Jonathan M. Bloom

Delhi walled: Changing boundaries

247

(35)

Catherine B. Asher

Ottoman military architecture in the early gunpowder era: A reassessment

282

(35)

Simon Pepper

Walled towns during the French wars of religion (1560-1630)

317

(32)

Michael Wolfe

Portuguese urban fortifications in Morocco: Borrowing, adaptation, and innovation along a military frontier

349

(37)

Martin M. Elbl

The artillery fortress as an engine of European overseas expansion, 1480-1750

386

(33)

Geoffrey Parker

PART III SIGNIFYING WALLS

Representations of Chinese walled cities in the pictorial and graphic arts

419

(42)

Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt

The hierarchy of Ming city walls

461

(27)

Edward L. Farmer

Decoration of city walls in the medieval Islamic world: The epigraphic message

488

(42)

Sheila S. Blair

Medieval French representations of city and other walls

530

(43)

Wolfgang G. van Emden

Siege law, siege ritual, and the symbolism of city walls in Renaissance Europe

573

(32)

Simon Pepper

Representations of the city in siege views of the seventeenth century: The war of military images and their production

605

(42)

Martha Pollak

Annotated bibliography of selected secondary works

647

(16)

Index

663

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City Walls: The Urban Enceinte in Global Perspective

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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City Walls: The Urban Enceinte in Global Perspective

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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