Cliffs AP Biology, 3rd Edition

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ISBN: 9780470097649 | 0470097647
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 7/23/2007

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Your complete guide to a higher score on the AP Biology exam. Included in book: A review of the AP exam format and scoring, proven strategies for answering multiple-choice questions, and hints for tackling the essay questions. A list of 14 specific must-know principles are covered. Includes sample questions and answers for each subject Laboratory Review includes a focused review of all 12 AP laboratory exercises. AP Biology Practice Tests features 2 full-length practice tests that simulate the actual test along with answers and complete explanations. AP is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

Introduction	p. 1
How You Should Use This Book	p. 1
What to Bring to the Exam	p. 2
Exam Format	p. 2
Exam Grading	p. 2
What's on the Exam	p. 3
Hints for Taking the Multiple-Choice Section	p. 4
Hints for Taking the Essay Section	p. 4
Must-Know Essay Questions	p. 6
Some Final Suggestions	p. 7
Subject Area Reviews with Sample Questions and Answers
Chemistry	p. 11
Review	p. 11
Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Bonds	p. 11
Properties of Water	p. 12
Organic Molecules	p. 13
Carbohydrates	p. 14
Lipids	p. 16
Proteins	p. 17
Nucleic Acids	p. 20
Chemical Reactions in Metabolic Processes	p. 22
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 25
Cells	p. 33
Review	p. 33
Structure and Function of the Cell	p. 33
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes	p. 38
Movement of Substances	p. 38
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 40
Cellular Respiration	p. 45
Review	p. 45
Glycolysis	p. 45
The Krebs Cycle	p. 45
Oxidative Phosphorylation	p. 46
How Many ATP?	p. 47
Mitochondria	p. 47
Chemiosmosis in Mitochondria	p. 48
Two Types of Phosphorylation	p. 49
Anaerobic Respiration	p. 49
Alcohol Fermentation	p. 49
Lactic Acid Fermentation	p. 50
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 51
Photosynthesis	p. 57
Review	p. 57
Noncyclic Photophosphorylation	p. 57
Cyclic Photophosphorylation	p. 59
Calvin Cycle	p. 59
Chloroplasts	p. 60
Chemiosmosis in Chloroplasts	p. 60
Photorespiration	p. 61
C[subscript 4] Photosynthesis	p. 62
CAM Photosynthesis	p. 62
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 64
Cell Division	p. 73
Review	p. 73
Mitosis and Cytokinesis	p. 74
Meiosis	p. 76
Mitosis versus Meiosis	p. 78
Genetic Variation	p. 80
Regulation of the Cell Cycle	p. 80
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 82
Heredity	p. 89
Review	p. 89
Complete Dominance, Monohybrid Cross	p. 90
Complete Dominance, Dihybrid Cross	p. 92
Test Crosses	p. 93
Incomplete Dominance	p. 94
Codominance	p. 94
Multiple Alleles	p. 94
Epistasis	p. 95
Pleiotropy	p. 95
Polygenic Inheritance	p. 95
Linked Genes	p. 95
Sex-Linked Inheritance	p. 97
X-Inactivation	p. 97
Nondisjunction	p. 98
Human Genetic Defects	p. 98
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 99
Molecular Genetics	p. 107
Review	p. 107
DNA Replication	p. 107
Replication of Telomeres	p. 109
Protein Synthesis	p. 111
Transcription	p. 112
mRNA Processing	p. 113
Translation	p. 114
Mutations	p. 116
DNA Organization	p. 116
The Molecular Genetics of Viruses	p. 117
The Molecular Genetics of Bacteria	p. 117
Regulation of Gene Expression	p. 118
Recombinant DNA	p. 119
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 121
Evolution	p. 129
Review	p. 129
Evidence for Evolution	p. 129
Natural Selection	p. 130
Sources of Variation	p. 132
Causes of Changes in Allele Frequencies	p. 134
Genetic Equilibrium	p. 134
Speciation	p. 135
Maintaining Reproductive Isolation	p. 137
Patterns of Evolution	p. 137
Macroevolution	p. 138
The Origin of Life	p. 139
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 141
Biological Diversity	p. 149
Review	p. 149
Domain Archaea	p. 150
Domain Bacteria	p. 150
Domain Eukarya	p. 151
Kingdom Protista	p. 151
Kingdom Fungi	p. 153
Kingdom Plantae	p. 154
Kingdom Animalia	p. 157
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 161
Plants	p. 167
Review	p. 167
Plant Tissues	p. 167
The Seed	p. 168
Germination and Development	p. 168
Primary Growth Versus Secondary Growth	p. 169
Primary Structure of Roots	p. 169
Primary Structure of Stems	p. 171
Secondary Structure of Stems and Roots	p. 172
Structure of the Leaf	p. 173
Transport of Water	p. 174
Control of Stomata	p. 174
Transport of Sugars	p. 175
Plant Hormones	p. 176
Plant Responses to Stimuli	p. 176
Photoperiodism	p. 177
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 179
Animal Form and Function	p. 185
Review	p. 185
Thermoregulation	p. 185
The Respiratory System	p. 186
The Circulatory System	p. 187
The Excretory System	p. 189
The Digestive System	p. 192
The Nervous System	p. 194
The Muscular System	p. 196
The Immune System	p. 198
The Endocrine System	p. 201
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 203
Animal Reproduction and Development	p. 211
Review	p. 211
Characteristics That Distinguish the Sexes	p. 211
Human Reproductive Anatomy	p. 211
Gametogenesis in Humans	p. 212
Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction	p. 212
Embryonic Development	p. 214
Factors That Influence Development	p. 217
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 218
Animal Behavior	p. 225
Review	p. 225
Genetic Basis of Behavior	p. 225
Kinds of Animal Behavior	p. 225
Animal Movement	p. 227
Communication in Animals	p. 227
Foraging Behaviors	p. 228
Social Behavior	p. 228
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 230
Ecology	p. 235
Review	p. 235
Population Ecology	p. 235
Human Population Growth	p. 240
Community Ecology	p. 240
Coevolution	p. 241
Ecological Succession	p. 242
Ecosystems	p. 244
Biogeochemical Cycles	p. 245
Biomes	p. 246
Human Impact on the Biosphere	p. 246
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 248
Laboratory Review
Laboratory Review	p. 257
Review	p. 257
Graphing Data	p. 257
Designing an Experiment	p. 258
Diffusion and Osmosis	p. 259
Enzyme Catalysis	p. 260
Mitosis and Meiosis	p. 261
Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis	p. 262
Cell Respiration	p. 264
Molecular Biology	p. 265
Genetics of Drosophila	p. 267
Population Genetics and Evolution	p. 269
Transpiration	p. 270
Physiology of the Circulatory System	p. 272
Animal Behavior	p. 273
Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity	p. 274
Sample Questions and Answers	p. 276
AP Biology Practice Tests
	p. 291
(Multiple-Choice Questions)	p. 291
(Free-Response Questions)	p. 306
Answer Key for Practice Test 1	p. 308
Scoring Your Practice Test	p. 309
Answers and Explanations for Practice Test 1	p. 310
	p. 323
(Multiple-Choice Questions)	p. 323
(Free-Response Questions)	p. 337
Answer Key for Practice Test 2	p. 340
Scoring Your Practice Test	p. 341
Answers and Explanations for Practice Test 2	p. 342
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Cliffs AP Biology, 3rd Edition

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