The Clinical Practice of Neurological and Neuroscience Nursing

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ISBN: 9780397553198 | 0397553196
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/1/1996

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This award-winning classic provides comprehensive coverage of neurological and neurosurgical nursing and prepares your students for delivering expert care in this challenging specialty. Coverage includes a wide range of clinical topics such as: trauma, stroke, tumors, seizures, headache, aneurysms, infections, degenerative disorders of the neurological system, and much more. New to the Fourth Edition... Six new chapters: / The Continuum of Care and Models of Practice / Clinical Reasoning and Neuroscience Nursing Practice / Pharmacological Management of Neuroscience Patients / Respiratory Management of Neuroscience Patients / Management of Pain / AIDS: Neurological Manifestations and Critical Thinking.

Section 1 NEUROSCIENCE NURSING: A PERSPECTIVE ON PRACTICE

Neuroscience Nursing: Moving into the 21st Century

(10)

Joanne V. Hickey

Neuroscience Nursing Practice: Coming of Age

(1)

The Decade of the Brain

(1)

A Third Wave Society

(1)

Major Changes in the Health Care Delivery System

(1)

Trends Shaping Health Care Delivery

(4)

National Agendas for Health

(1)

Reformation of Health Care and Implications for Neuroscience Patients and Neuroscience Nursing Practice

(3)

Living in the Present While Preparing for the Future

(1)

References

(1)

The Continuum of Care and Models of Practice

(6)

Joanne V. Hickey

The Continuum of Care

(1)

Disease Prevention, Health Promotion, and Health Maintenance

(1)

Key Concepts in Providing Health Care

(1)

Managed Care

(1)

Models of Practice

(2)

Summary

(1)

References

(1)

Clinical Reasoning and Neuroscience Nursing Practice

(4)

Joanne V. Hickey

Nursing Practice in the Information Age

(1)

Nursing Process

(1)

Critical Thinking and Nursing Practice

(1)

Bibliography

(2)

Ethical and Legal Issues in Neuroscience Nursing Practice

(10)

Joanne V. Hickey

An Ethical and Legal Perspective of Neuroscience Practice

(1)

Ethics, Morality, and Legality

(1)

Framework for Ethical Decision Making

(1)

Decision Making Capacity and Advance Directives and Living Wills

(1)

Selected Ethical Issues Common in Neuroscience Nursing Practice

(2)

Fostering Professional Growth in Ethical Decision Making

(1)

References

(1)

Bibliography

(2)

Section 2 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF NEUROSCIENCE PATIENTS

(130)

Overview of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology

(46)

Joanne V. Hickey

Embryonic Development of the Nervous System

(1)

Cells of the Nervous System

(4)

Functions and Divisions of the Nervous System

(2)

Cranial and Spinal Bones

(3)

Meninges

(1)

Cerebrospinal Fluid

(3)

Cerebrovascular Circulation

(3)

Blood--Brain Barrier

(1)

Brain (Encephalon)

(8)

Special Systems Within the Brain

(1)

Spinal Cord

(4)

Motor System

(1)

Sensory System

(1)

Autonomic Nervous System

(9)

Cranial Nerves

(5)

Bibliography

(2)

Diagnostic Procedures and Laboratory Tests for Neuroscience Patients

(22)

Joanne V. Hickey

Patient and Family Teaching

(1)

X-Rays of the Head and Vertebral Column

(1)

Anatomical Imaging Techniques of the Brain

(5)

Physiological Imaging Techniques of the Brain

(1)

Cerebrospinal Fluid and Spinal Procedures

(2)

Cerebrovascular Studies

(3)

Nervous System Electrical Activity and Conduction

(4)

Testing of the Special Senses

(2)

Neuropsychological Examination

100

(1)

Summary

101

(1)

References

101

(1)

Bibliography

101

(2)

The Neurological Physical Examination

103

(30)

Joanne V. Hickey

The Neurological Examination

103

(1)

Mental Status Examination

104

(4)

Cranial Nerve Examination

108

(10)

Motor System Examination

118

(8)

Sensory System Examination

126

(2)

Cerebellar System Examination

128

(1)

Reflexes

129

(1)

References

130

(1)

Bibliography

131

(2)

Neurological Assessment

133

(30)

Joanne V. Hickey

Establishing a Nursing Database

133

(1)

Overview of Neurological Assessment

133

(1)

Assessment of Consciousness

134

(8)

Cranial Nerve Assessment

142

(7)

Motor Assessment

149

(5)

Sensory Assessment

154

(2)

Cerebellar Assessment

156

(1)

Vital Signs and Assessment

156

(5)

Summary

161

(1)

References

162

(1)

Bibliography

162

(1)

Section 3 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN NEUROSCIENCE NURSING

163

(112)

Nutritional Support for Neuroscience Patients

165

(14)

Joanne V. Hickey

Basic Nutritional Requirements

165

(2)

Metabolic Changes Following Injury and Starvation

167

(3)

Nutritional Assessment

170

(1)

Common Neurological Problems That Interfere With Nutrition

171

(1)

Methods of Providing Nutrition for Neuroscience Patients

172

(6)

Summary

178

(1)

Bibliography

178

(1)

Fluid and Electrolyte Management in Neuroscience Patients

179

(8)

Joanne V. Hickey

Interrelatedness of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

179

(1)

Physiological Control of Water Balance

179

(2)

Diabetes Insipidus

181

(2)

Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone

183

(1)

Special Metabolic and Electrolyte Imbalances

184

(1)

Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Hyperglycemia

185

(1)

Major Electrolyte Imbalances

185

(1)

Bibliography

186

(1)

Pharmacological Management of Neuroscience Patients

187

(22)

Stephen Janning

Timothy F. Lassiter

Overview

187

(1)

Commonly Used Drugs Along the Continuum of Care

188

(19)

Bibliography

207

(2)

Respiratory Management of Neuroscience Patients

209

(16)

Christine L. Willis

The Critically III Neuroscience Patient

209

(1)

Normal Physiology

210

(1)

Patient Assessment

211

(1)

When to Initiate Oxygen Therapy

212

(1)

Indications for Intubation

213

(1)

Tracheotomy and Tracheostomy

214

(1)

Suctioning

215

(1)

Ventilatory Support

216

(5)

Respiratory Management in the Home

221

(1)

Pharmacology of the Respiratory System

221

(1)

The Role of Nutrition in the Neurorespiratory Patient

222

(1)

Bibliography

222

(3)

Behavioral and Psychological Responses to Neurological Illness

225

(12)

Joanne V. Hickey

Stress and the Stress Response

225

(1)

Human Adaptation and Coping

226

(1)

Neurological Conditions and Their Psychological Effects

226

(1)

General Principles for Considering the Patient's Emotional and Psychological Responses to Neurological Conditions

227

(1)

Common Emotional and Psychological Responses to the Stress Associated With Neurological Conditions

228

(3)

Emotional and Psychological Responses to Specific Aspects of Illness: Nursing Implications

231

(4)

Psychological, Emotional, and Behavioral Responses of the Family or Significant Others

235

(1)

Emotional and Psychological Responses of the Nurse Caring for Neurological Patients

235

(1)

References

236

(1)

Bibliography

236

(1)

Rehabilitation of Neuroscience Patients

237

(30)

Joanne V. Hickey

Frameworks for Disability

237

(1)

Concepts of Rehabilitation

238

(1)

A Philosophy of Rehabilitation

238

(2)

Principles of Rehabilitation Nursing

240

(2)

The Basis of Movement and Treatment of Movement Disorders

242

(1)

Bobath Neurodevelopmental Treatment Approach

243

(6)

Management of the Skin

249

(1)

Sensory-Perceptual Deficits

250

(1)

Communication Deficits

251

(2)

Swallowing Deficits

253

(3)

Bladder Dysfunction and Retraining

256

(6)

Bowel Elimination and Dysfunction

262

(1)

Cognitive Rehabilitation

263

(2)

Discharge Planning

265

(1)

References

265

(1)

Bibliography

266

(1)

Transitions in Care and Discharge Planning

267

(8)

Joanne V. Hickey

Transitions in Care

267

(1)

Discharge Planning for Transitions in Health Care Needs

268

(1)

Organizational Structure for Discharge Planning

269

(1)

The Steps of Discharge Planning

269

(2)

Application of the Process to Neurologically Impaired Patients

271

(1)

Summary

272

(1)

References

272

(1)

Bibliography

273

(2)

Section 4 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN NEUROSCIENCE NURSING

275

(98)

Management of the Unconscious Patient

277

(18)

Joanne V. Hickey

Mobility and Immobility

277

(7)

The Basis for Nursing Management of the Unconscious Patient

284

(9)

Regaining Consciousness

293

(1)

References

293

(1)

Bibliography

293

(2)

Intracranial Pressure: Theory and Management of Increased Intracranial Pressure

295

(34)

Joanne V. Hickey

Concept of Intracranial Pressure

295

(7)

Signs and Symptoms of Increased Intracranial Pressure

302

(5)

Herniation Syndromes of the Brain

307

(4)

Management of Patients With Acute Increased ICP: Managing a Collaborative Problem

311

(4)

Measuring and Monitoring Increased Intracranial Pressure

315

(4)

Nursing Management of the Patient With Acute Increased Intracranial Pressure

319

(8)

Summary

327

(1)

References

327

(1)

Bibliography

327

(2)

Management of Patients Undergoing Neurosurgical Procedures

329

(32)

Joanne V. Hickey

The Preoperative Phase

329

(1)

The Intraoperative Phase

330

(2)

Neurosurgical Procedures and Other Related Therapeutic Techniques

332

(3)

Postoperative Nursing Management

335

(1)

Postoperative Complications

335

(14)

Postoperative Deficits Related to Surgery

349

(2)

The Nurse's Role in Rehabilitation and Discharge Planning

351

(2)

Selected Neurosurgical Procedures

353

(7)

References

360

(1)

Bibliography

360

(1)

Management of Chronic Pain: A Neuroscience Perspective

361

(12)

Joanne V. Hickey

Rosemary Brown

Pain Theories

362

(1)

Mechanisms of Pain

363

(1)

Management of Chronic Pain

364

(1)

Medical Management of Chronic Pain

365

(6)

Pain and Pain Management: The Future

371

(1)

References

372

(1)

Bibliography

372

(1)

Section 5 NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH INJURY TO THE NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM

373

(126)

Multiple Trauma

375

(10)

Donna Nayduch

Joanne V. Hickey

Trauma Care Systems

375

(1)

Scoring Systems

376

(1)

Case Management

377

(1)

Assessment and Management of the Trauma Patient

377

(1)

The Stabilized Patient and Nursing Management

378

(4)

Probability and Early Recognition of Complications

382

(1)

Multiple Organ Failure Syndrome

382

(1)

Discharge Planning

382

(1)

Summary

383

(1)

References

383

(1)

Bibliography

383

(2)

Craniocerebral Injuries

385

(34)

Joanne V. Hickey

Helen Cook

A Perspective

385

(1)

General Overview of Head Injuries

385

(4)

Specific Types of Head Injuries

389

(8)

Management of the Head-Injured Patient: The Continuum of Care

397

(7)

Assessment and Clinical Reasoning: Key Role of the Neuroscience Nurse

404

(8)

Nursing Management During the Intermediate Phase of Severe Head Injury

412

(1)

Minor and Moderate Brain Injuries

412

(1)

Rehabilitation

413

(1)

Summary

414

(1)

References

414

(2)

Bibliography

416

(3)

Vertebral and Spinal Cord Injuries

419

(48)

Joanne V. Hickey

Background and Interdisciplinary Management

419

(1)

A Perspective

419

(1)

General Information

420

(3)

Specific Information About Injuries

423

(11)

Acute Spinal Cord Trauma

434

(4)

Overview of Early Management of Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

438

(5)

Focus on the Collaborative Management in the Acute and Postacute Phases

443

(8)

Discharge Planning

451

(1)

The Rehabilitation Phase

452

(1)

Nursing Management in the Acute and Postacute Phase

452

(1)

Nursing Management During the Acute Care Phase of Spinal Cord Trauma

452

(5)

Nursing Management During the Postacute Care Phase of Spinal Cord Trauma

457

(7)

Discharge Planning

464

(1)

Rehabilitation: The Road Ahead

464

(1)

References

464

(1)

Bibliography

464

(3)

Back Pain and Intervertebral Disc Injury

467

(20)

Joanne V. Hickey

Conditions Related to Back Pain

467

(3)

Herniated Intervertebral Discs

470

(15)

References

485

(1)

Bibliography

485

(2)

Peripheral Nerve Injuries

487

(12)

Joanne V. Hickey

Mechanisms of Injury

487

(1)

Pathophysiology

488

(1)

General Signs and Symptoms of Peripheral Nerve Trauma

489

(4)

Peripheral Nerve Injuries: Diagnosis and Treatment

493

(1)

Nursing Management of the Patient With Peripheral Nerve Trauma

494

(3)

References

497

(1)

Bibliography

497

(2)

Section 6 NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH TUMORS OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM

499

(42)

Brain Tumors

501

(26)

Joanne V. Hickey

Terri Armstrong

Overview of Brain Tumors

501

(3)

Signs and Symptoms of Brain Tumors

504

(10)

Medical Approach to the Patient With a Brain Tumor

514

(5)

Nursing Management of the Patient With a Brain Tumor

519

(6)

Summary

525

(1)

References

525

(1)

Bibliography

525

(2)

Spinal Cord Tumors

527

(14)

Joanne V. Hickey

Terry Armstrong

Principles of Treatment

530

(8)

Nursing Management of the Patient With a Spinal Cord Tumor

538

(1)

References

538

(3)

Section 7 NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CEREBROVASCULAR PROBLEMS

541

(54)

Stroke and Other Cerebrovascular Diseases

543

(26)

Joanne V. Hickey

Definition and Classification of Stroke

543

(4)

Anatomy, Atherogenesis, and Pathophysiology Related to Strokes

547

(3)

Signs and Symptoms of Stroke Syndromes According to the Involved Vessel

550

(2)

Diagnosis of Stroke

552

(1)

Treatment of TIAs and Ischemic Stroke

553

(3)

Acute Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke

556

(1)

General Nursing Management of the Stroke Patient

556

(10)

References

566

(1)

Bibliography

566

(3)

Cerebral Aneurysms

569

(16)

Joanne V. Hickey

Mary L. Ryan

Overview

569

(1)

Signs and Symptoms

570

(2)

Initial Approach to Medical Management

572

(4)

Surgical Intervention

576

(1)

Endovascular Balloon Therapy

577

(1)

Complications of Aneurysmal Rupture/Bleeding

578

(2)

Nursing Management of the Patient With an Aneurysm

580

(3)

Future Trends

583

(1)

References

583

(1)

Bibliography

584

(1)

Arteriovenous Malformations and Other Cerebrovascular Anomalies

585

(10)

Joanne V. Hickey

Deidre Buckley

Classifications of Vascular Malformations

585

(1)

Arteriovenous Malformations in the Adult: An Overview

586

(6)

References

592

(1)

Bibliography

592

(3)

Section 8 NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HEADACHES, SEIZURES, INFECTIONS, DEGENERATIVE PROCESSES, AND CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES

595

(109)

Headaches

597

(16)

Joanne V. Hickey

Headache: Anatomical Considerations and Pathophysiology

597

(1)

Classification of Headaches

598

(6)

Approach to Management of Headaches

604

(5)

Nursing Management of the Patient With Headaches

609

(2)

References

611

(1)

Bibliography

612

(1)

Seizures and Epilepsy

613

(22)

Joanne V. Hickey

Background and Definitions

613

(1)

Seizure Classification and Observation/Identification

614

(4)

Pathophysiology

618

(1)

Diagnosis

619

(1)

Treatment

620

(6)

Management of Seizures and Status Epilepticus in an Acute Care Setting

626

(3)

Nursing Management of Persons With Epilepsy: Community Based Care

629

(5)

References

634

(1)

Bibliography

634

(1)

Selected Infections of the Nervous System

635

(16)

Joanne V. Hickey

Nosocomial Infections

635

(1)

Causative Organisms

635

(1)

Meningitis

636

(4)

Encephalitis

640

(7)

Other Viral Organisms That Attack the Central Nervous System

647

(3)

References

650

(1)

Bibliography

650

(1)

AIDS: Neurological Manifestations

651

(14)

Jane T. Settle

Sherry W. Fox

Introduction

651

(1)

Definition

651

(1)

Epidemiology

652

(1)

HIV Testing

652

(1)

HIV and the Central Nervous System

653

(1)

Opportunistic Diseases

653

(7)

General Principles of Care

660

(2)

Summary

662

(1)

Bibliography

662

(3)

Selected Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System

665

(32)

Joanne V. Hickey

Psychosocial Considerations

665

(1)

Organic Mental Disorders

666

(1)

Alzheimer's Disease

666

(2)

Multiple Sclerosis

668

(5)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

673

(5)

Myasthenia Gravis

678

(7)

Parkinson's Disease

685

(4)

Guillain Barre Syndrome

689

(6)

Summary

695

(1)

References

695

(1)

Bibliography

696

(1)

Cranial Nerve Diseases

697

(7)

Joanne V. Hickey

Trigeminal Neuralgia

697

(3)

Facial Paralysis or Bell's Palsy

700

(1)

Meniere's Disease

701

(1)

Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia

702

(1)

Bibliography

702

(2)

Appendix I

704

(1)

Index

705

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The Clinical Practice of Neurological and Neuroscience Nursing

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials