Clinically Oriented Anatomy

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ISBN: 9780683061338 | 068306133X
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 4/1/1992

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Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xi
Figure Credits	p. xv
List of Clinical Blue Boxes	p. xix
Introduction to Clinically Oriented Anatomy
Approaches to Studying Anatomy	p. 2
Regional Anatomy	p. 2
Systemic Anatomy	p. 3
Clinical Anatomy	p. 3
Anatomicomedical Terminology	p. 4
Anatomical Position	p. 4
Anatomical Planes	p. 4
Terms of Relationship and Comparison	p. 6
Terms of Laterality	p. 6
Terms of Movement	p. 6
Structure of Terms	p. 10
Abbreviations of Terms	p. 10
Anatomical Variations	p. 12
Skin and Fascia	p. 12
Skeletal System	p. 14
Bones	p. 15
Joints	p. 21
Muscular System	p. 26
Skeletal Muscle	p. 26
Cardiac Muscle	p. 32
Smooth Muscle	p. 32
Cardiovascular System	p. 32
Arteries	p. 32
Veins	p. 35
Capillaries	p. 36
Lymphatic System	p. 36
Nervous System	p. 38
Central Nervous System	p. 38
Peripheral Nervous System	p. 41
Somatic Nervous System	p. 45
Autonomic Nervous System	p. 45
Medical Imaging Techniques	p. 52
Radiography	p. 52
Computed Tomography	p. 55
Ultrasonography	p. 56
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 57
Nuclear Medicine Imaging	p. 58
Thorax
Thoracic Wall	p. 62
Fascia of the Thoracic Wall	p. 62
Skeleton of the Thoracic Wall	p. 62
Joints of the Thoracic Wall	p. 68
Movements of the Thoracic Wall	p. 72
Breasts	p. 72
Thoracic Apertures	p. 79
Muscles of the Thoracic Wall	p. 80
Nerves of the Thoracic Wall	p. 85
Vasculature of the Thoracic Wall	p. 88
Surface Anatomy of the Thoracic Wall	p. 91
Thoracic Cavity and Viscera	p. 94
Pleurae and Lungs	p. 94
Surface Anatomy of the Pleurae and Lungs	p. 113
Mediastinum	p. 114
Surface Anatomy of the Heart	p. 141
Medical Imaging of the Thorax	p. 158
Radiography	p. 158
Echocardiography	p. 162
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 162
Case Studies	p. 164
Discussion of Cases	p. 168
Abdomen
Abdominal Cavity	p. 175
Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	p. 178
Fascia of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	p. 178
Muscles of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	p. 180
Nerves of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	p. 186
Vessels of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	p. 188
Internal Surface of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	p. 191
Inguinal Region	p. 193
Surface Anatomy of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall	p. 207
Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity	p. 209
Embryology of the Peritoneal Cavity	p. 210
Descriptive Terms for Parts of the Peritoneum	p. 212
Subdivisions of the Peritoneal Cavity	p. 217
Abdominal Viscera	p. 218
Esophagus	p. 221
Stomach	p. 226
Surface Anatomy of the Stomach	p. 232
Small Intestine	p. 237
Large Intestine	p. 249
Spleen	p. 256
Pancreas	p. 257
Surface Anatomy of the Spleen and Pancreas	p. 262
Liver	p. 263
Surface Anatomy of the Liver	p. 272
Biliary Ducts and Gallbladder	p. 272
Portal Vein and Portal-Systemic Anastomoses	p. 277
Kidneys, Ureters, and Suprarenal Glands	p. 279
Surface Anatomy of the Kidneys and Ureters	p. 281
Thoracic Diaphragm	p. 289
Vessels and Nerves of the Diaphragm	p. 292
Diaphragmatic Apertures	p. 294
Actions of the Diaphragm	p. 295
Posterior Abdominal Wall	p. 297
Fascia of the Posterior Abdominal Wall	p. 297
Muscles of the Posterior Abdominal Wall	p. 299
Nerves of the Posterior Abdominal Wall	p. 300
Arteries of the Posterior Abdominal Wall	p. 302
Surface Anatomy of the Abdominal Aorta	p. 304
Veins of the Posterior Abdominal Wall	p. 306
Lymphatics of the Posterior Abdominal Wall	p. 307
Medical Imaging of the Abdomen	p. 308
Case Studies	p. 320
Discussion of Cases	p. 325
Pelvis and Perineum
Pelvis	p. 332
Bony Pelvis	p. 333
Orientation of the Pelvis	p. 337
Pelvic Joints and Ligaments	p. 339
Pelvic Walls and Floor	p. 341
Pelvic Nerves	p. 347
Pelvic Arteries	p. 350
Pelvic Veins	p. 355
Pelvic Cavity and Viscera	p. 357
Urinary Organs	p. 357
Male Internal Genital Organs	p. 367
Female Internal Genital Organs	p. 371
Pelvic Fascia	p. 378
Perineum	p. 389
Perineal Fascia	p. 393
Superficial Perineal Pouch	p. 394
Deep Perineal Pouch	p. 394
Pelvic Diaphragm	p. 395
Male Perineum	p. 403
Female Perineum	p. 411
Medical Imaging of the Pelvis and Perineum	p. 418
Radiography	p. 418
Ultrasonography	p. 419
Computed Tomography	p. 420
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 421
Case Studies	p. 424
Discussion of Cases	p. 427
Back
Vertebral Column	p. 432
Curvatures of the Vertebral Column	p. 434
Structure and Function of Vertebrae	p. 435
Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae	p. 437
Ossification of Vertebrae	p. 448
Joints of the Vertebral Column	p. 450
Surface Anatomy of the Vertebral Column	p. 463
Vasculature of the Vertebral Column	p. 467
Muscles of the Back	p. 467
Superficial or Extrinsic Back Muscles	p. 467
Deep or Intrinsic Back Muscles	p. 467
Surface Anatomy of the Back	p. 474
Suboccipital and Deep Neck Muscles	p. 475
Spinal Cord and Meninges	p. 477
Structure of Spinal Nerves	p. 477
Spinal Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid	p. 479
Vasculature of the Spinal Cord	p. 486
Medical Imaging of the Back	p. 489
Radiography	p. 489
Myelography	p. 491
Computed Tomography	p. 491
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 492
Case Studies	p. 495
Discussion of Cases	p. 499
Lower Limb
Bones of the Lower Limb	p. 504
Arrangement of Lower Limb Bones	p. 504
Hip Bone	p. 506
Femur	p. 509
Tibia and Fibula	p. 512
Bones of the Foot	p. 515
Surface Anatomy of the Lower Limb Bones	p. 517
Fascia, Vessels, and Nerves of the Lower Limb	p. 522
Venous Drainage of the Lower Limb	p. 524
Lymphatic Drainage of the Lower Limb	p. 527
Cutaneous Innervation of the Lower Limb	p. 529
Organization of Thigh Muscles	p. 531
Anterior Thigh Muscles	p. 531
Medial Thigh Muscles	p. 537
Gluteal Region	p. 549
Gluteal Ligaments	p. 550
Gluteal Muscles	p. 550
Gluteal Nerves	p. 556
Gluteal Arteries	p. 560
Gluteal Veins	p. 562
Posterior Thigh Muscles	p. 564
Semitendinosus	p. 565
Semimembranosus	p. 565
Biceps Femoris	p. 565
Surface Anatomy of the Gluteal Region and Thigh	p. 565
Popliteal Fossa	p. 571
Fascia of the Popliteal Fossa	p. 571
Blood Vessels in the Popliteal Fossa	p. 571
Nerves in the Popliteal Fossa	p. 572
Lymph Nodes in the Popliteal Fossa	p. 575
Leg	p. 575
Anterior Compartment of the Leg	p. 579
Lateral Compartment of the Leg	p. 584
Posterior Compartment of the Leg	p. 586
Surface Anatomy of the Leg	p. 592
Foot	p. 593
Skin of the Foot	p. 594
Deep Fascia of the Foot	p. 594
Muscles of the Foot	p. 596
Nerves of the Foot	p. 601
Arteries of the Foot	p. 603
Venous Drainage of the Foot	p. 604
Lymphatic Drainage of the Foot	p. 604
Joints of the Lower Limb	p. 607
Hip Joint	p. 607
Knee Joint	p. 617
Tibiofibular Joints	p. 630
Ankle Joint	p. 632
Foot Joints	p. 637
Arches of the Foot	p. 637
Surface Anatomy of the Ankle and Foot	p. 643
Posture and Gait	p. 645
Medical Imaging of the Lower Limb	p. 646
Radiography	p. 646
Arteriography	p. 650
Computed Tomography	p. 650
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 650
Case Studies	p. 654
Discussion of Case Studies	p. 658
Upper Limb
Bones of the Upper Limb	p. 665
Clavicle	p. 665
Scapula	p. 668
Humerus	p. 669
Ulna	p. 671
Radius	p. 672
Bones of the hand	p. 672
Surface Anatomy of the Upper Limb Bones	p. 676
Superficial Structures of the Upper Limb	p. 679
Fascia of the Upper Limb	p. 679
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb	p. 682
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb	p. 684
Lymphatic Drainage of the Upper Limb	p. 684
Anterior Thoracoappendicular Muscles of the Upper Limb	p. 685
Posterior Thoracoappendicular and Scapulohumeral Muscles	p. 691
Superficial Posterior Thoracoappendicular (Extrinsic Shoulder) Muscles	p. 692
Deep Thoracoappendicular (Extrinsic Shoulder) Muscles	p. 694
Scapulohumeral (Intrinsic Shoulder) Muscles	p. 695
Axilla	p. 699
Axillary Artery	p. 699
Axillary Vein	p. 705
Axillary Lymph Nodes	p. 706
Brachial Plexus	p. 708
Surface Anatomy of the Pectoral Region and Back	p. 717
Arm	p. 720
Muscles of the Arm	p. 720
Brachial Artery	p. 725
Veins of the Arm	p. 729
Nerves of the Arm	p. 730
Cubital Fossa	p. 731
Surface Anatomy of the Arm and Cubital Fossa	p. 732
Forearm	p. 734
Compartments of the Forearm	p. 734
Muscles of the Forearm	p. 734
Arteries of the Forearm	p. 751
Veins of the Forearm	p. 756
Nerves of the Forearm	p. 756
Surface Anatomy of the Forearm	p. 762
Hand	p. 763
Fascia of the Palm	p. 764
Muscles of the Hand	p. 766
Flexor Tendons of Extrinsic Hand Muscles	p. 771
Arteries of the Hand	p. 773
Veins of the Hand	p. 774
Nerves of the Hand	p. 774
Surface Anatomy of the Hand	p. 779
Joints of the Upper Limb	p. 781
Sternoclavicular Joint	p. 781
Acromioclavicular Joint	p. 784
Glenohumeral (Shoulder) Joint	p. 788
Elbow Joint	p. 795
Proximal Radioulnar Joint	p. 800
Distal Radioulnar Joint	p. 803
Wrist Joint	p. 803
Intercarpal Joints	p. 807
Carpometacarpal and Intermetacarpal Joints	p. 809
Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints	p. 809
Medical Imaging of the Upper Limb	p. 810
Radiography	p. 810
Ultrasonography	p. 815
Arteriography	p. 815
Computed Tomography	p. 816
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 816
Case Studies	p. 819
Discussion of Cases	p. 824
Head
Skull	p. 832
Anterior Aspect of the Skull	p. 834
Lateral Aspect of the Skull	p. 838
Posterior Aspect of the Skull	p. 839
Superior Aspect of the Skull	p. 839
External Aspect of the Cranial Base	p. 839
Internal Aspect of the Cranial Base	p. 842
Walls of the Cranial Cavity	p. 847
Face	p. 850
Muscles of the Face	p. 850
Nerves of the Face	p. 857
Vasculature of the Face	p. 865
Parotid Gland	p. 870
Scalp	p. 872
Layers of the Scalp	p. 872
Nerves of the Scalp	p. 872
Vasculature of the Scalp	p. 874
Cranial Meninges	p. 875
Dura Mater	p. 875
Pia-Arachnoid	p. 885
Meningeal Spaces	p. 886
Brain	p. 887
Parts of the Brain	p. 887
Ventricular System of the Brain	p. 889
Blood Supply of the Brain	p. 893
Venous Drainage of the Brain	p. 898
Orbit	p. 899
Eyelids and Lacrimal Apparatus	p. 901
Orbital Contents	p. 905
Muscles of the Orbit	p. 909
Innervation of the Orbit	p. 911
Vasculature of the Orbit	p. 912
Surface Anatomy of the Eyeball, Eyelids, and Lacrimal Apparatus	p. 915
Temporal Region	p. 916
Temporal Fossa	p. 916
Infratemporal Fossa	p. 917
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)	p. 923
Oral Region	p. 927
Oral Cavity	p. 927
Lips, Cheeks, and Gingivae	p. 927
Teeth	p. 930
Palate	p. 934
Tongue	p. 940
Salivary Glands	p. 948
Pterygopalatine Fossa	p. 950
Contents of the Pterygopalatine Fossa	p. 950
Nose	p. 951
External Nose	p. 953
Nasal Cavities	p. 954
Paranasal Sinuses	p. 957
Ear	p. 962
External Ear	p. 962
Middle Ear	p. 967
Internal Ear	p. 971
Medical Imaging of the Head	p. 977
Radiography	p. 977
Computed Tomography	p. 981
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 981
Ultrasonography	p. 981
Case Studies	p. 984
Discussion of Cases	p. 988
Neck
Bones of the Neck	p. 996
Cervical Vertebrae	p. 996
Hyoid Bone	p. 997
Fascia of the Neck	p. 998
Superficial Cervical Fascia	p. 998
Deep Cervical Fascia	p. 998
Superficial and Lateral Muscles of the Neck	p. 1000
Platysma	p. 1000
Sternocleidomastoid	p. 1001
Trapezius	p. 1001
Triangles of the Neck	p. 1003
Posterior Cervical Triangle	p. 1004
Anterior Cervical Triangle	p. 1012
Surface Anatomy of the Triangles of the Neck	p. 1022
Deep Structures of the Neck	p. 1025
Prevertebral Muscles	p. 1025
Root of the Neck	p. 1027
Viscera of the Neck	p. 1030
Endocrine Layer of the Cervical Viscera	p. 1032
Respiratory Layer of the Cervical Viscera	p. 1038
Alimentary Layer of the Cervical Viscera	p. 1049
Lymphatics in the Neck	p. 1062
Surface Anatomy of the Neck	p. 1064
Medical Imaging of the Neck	p. 1066
Radiography	p. 1066
Computed Tomography	p. 1067
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 1067
Ultrasonography	p. 1067
Case Studies	p. 1071
Discussion of Cases	p. 1077
Summary of Cranial Nerves
Overview of Cranial Nerves	p. 1083
Olfactory Nerve (CN I)	p. 1086
Optic Nerve (CN II)	p. 1090
Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)	p. 1092
Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)	p. 1093
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)	p. 1093
Abducent Nerve (CN VI)	p. 1096
Facial Nerve (CN VII)	p. 1097
Branchial Motor	p. 1097
General Sensory	p. 1098
Taste (Special Sensory)	p. 1098
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)	p. 1103
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)	p. 1103
Sensory (General Visceral)	p. 1104
Taste (Special Sensory)	p. 1104
Branchial Motor	p. 1104
Vagus Nerve (CN X)	p. 1106
Accessory Nerve (CN XI)	p. 1108
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)	p. 1109
Index	p. 1113
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Clinically Oriented Anatomy

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