Closing the Gender Gap Postwar Education and

Undergraduate and postgraduate students in education, sociology and gender studies, as well as the general reader with an interest in education or gender.

Madeleine Arnot is Lecturer in the Sociology of Education at the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Jesus College.

Miriam David is Visiting Professorial Fellow at the London University Institute of Education.

Gaby Weiner is Professor of Teacher Education and Research Ume+Ñ University, Sweden.

Preface

vii

Abbreviations and Acronyms

xi

Part I Refashioning Gender Relations

1

(48)

Revisiting Gender in the 1990s

3

(9)

Conservative education reforms

5

(2)

The new gender agenda

7

(2)

Reflections

9

(3)

Changing Gender Patterns in Education

12

(20)

Closing the gender gap in academic performance

14

(6)

Gender legacies

20

(3)

Gender values, gender cultures

23

(2)

Equal opportunities policy-making

25

(3)

Which girls and which boys?

28

(2)

Reflections

30

(2)

Challenging Victorian Values

32

(17)

Victorian values and the cult of female domesticity

33

(4)

Women's rights

37

(2)

Meritocracy

39

(3)

Margaret Thatcher and the cult of individualism

42

(5)

Reflections

47

(2)

Part II Social Policy and Education Reform

49

(54)

Motherhood and Women's Work in the Welfare State

51

(15)

The meritocratic era

52

(2)

Ideologies about maternity and motherhood

54

(3)

Mothers on the move

57

(1)

Women's work: expansion but not emancipation

58

(3)

The era of feminist politics

61

(2)

Women's liberation: politicizing the personal

63

(1)

Reflections

64

(2)

Schooling, Teachers and Feminism

66

(17)

Feminist voluntarism and the social democratic era

68

(4)

Teachers and social justice

72

(3)

Liberal educational feminism

75

(1)

Critical educational feminisms

76

(1)

Voluntarism in practice

77

(5)

Reflections

82

(1)

Markets, Competition and Performance

83

(20)

Economic restructuring and the welfare state

86

(4)

Demonizing the family

90

(4)

Feminism and New Right educational reforms

94

(3)

Feminism, managerialism and performance

97

(3)

Reflections

100

(3)

Part III New Generations of Girls and Boys

103

(54)

Schoolgirls and Social Change

105

(20)

The female graduate elite

108

(5)

Coeducation for the majority

113

(2)

Black female autonomy and upward mobility

115

(3)

Unromantic realism and the working-class girl

118

(4)

Reflections

122

(3)

Schoolboys and Social Change

125

(25)

The romanticization of domesticity

126

(1)

The male as breadwinner

127

(3)

Male patterns of educational inequality

130

(2)

Gentry masculinity and the expert

132

(3)

Masculinities and the academically able boy

135

(5)

New boys: getting on and getting out

140

(2)

Male sexuality as class resistance

142

(5)

Routine violence in schools

147

(1)

Reflections

148

(2)

Closing the Gender Gap in Education?

150

(7)

Authors' Note on Further Reading

157

(2)

References and Bibliography

159

(21)

Index

180

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Closing the Gender Gap Postwar Education and Social Change

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials