Cloud Technologies An Overview of Cloud Computing Technologies for Managers

Contains a variety of cloud computing technologies and explores how the cloud can enhance business operations

Cloud Technologies offers an accessible guide to cloud-based systems and clearly explains how these technologies have changed the way organizations approach and implement their computing infrastructure. The author includes an overview of cloud computing and addresses business-related considerations such as service level agreements, elasticity, security, audits, and practical implementation issues. In addition, the book covers important topics such as automation, infrastructure as code, DevOps, orchestration, and edge computing.

Cloud computing fundamentally changes the way organizations think about and implement IT infrastructure. Any manager without a firm grasp of basic cloud concepts is at a huge disadvantage in the modern world. Written for all levels of managers working in IT and other areas, the book explores cost savings and enhanced capabilities, as well as identifies different models for implementing cloud technologies and tackling cloud business concerns. This important book:

• Demonstrates a variety of cloud computing technologies and ways the cloud can enhance business operations
• Addresses data security concerns in cloud computing relevant to corporate data owners
• Shows ways the cloud can save money for a business
• Offers a companion website hosting PowerPoint slides

Written for managers in the fields of business, IT and cloud computing, Cloud Technologies describes cloud computing concepts and related strategies and operations in accessible language.

Roger McHaney is a University Distinguished Teaching Scholar and holder of the Daniel D. Burke Chair for Exceptional Faculty in the Department of Management at Kansas State University, USA. 

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1: What is Cloud Computing? 9

Why Cloud Computing? 10

Cloud Computing’s Focus 10

Cost Reduction 11

Capacity Planning 13

Organizational Agility 15

How is Cloud Computing Hosted? 16

Private Cloud Deployment 16

Public Cloud Deployment 17

Hybrid Cloud Deployment 17

What are the Different Types of Cloud Solutions? 18

Software as a Service (SaaS) 18

Benefits of SaaS Solutions 19

Platform as a Service (PaaS) 19

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) 21

Benefits of IaaS Solutions 23

SaaS vs. PaaS vs. IaaS: A Review 23

Recovery as a Service (RaaS) 24

What are General Benefits of Cloud Services? 25

What are General Disadvantages of Cloud Services? 26

What is the History Behind Cloud Computing? 26

Historic Perspective of Hardware Related to Cloud Computing 29

Historic Perspective of Software Related to Cloud Computing 30

SOA: A new way of doing old things 31

SOA Explained in Terms of Lego Blocks 32

Summary of Chapter 1 34

References 36

Bibliography 36

Chapter 2: Who Uses the Cloud? 38

Individuals Users 38

Public Cloud Subscription Storage for Individuals 40

Private Cloud Storage (PCS) for Individuals 41

Hosted Personal Cloud Storage Using Third Party Hardware 43

Public Cloud vs. Personal Cloud Storage 44

Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Users 46

How Can Cloud Computing Save SMEs Money? 46

What Cloud Computing Features Appeal to SMEs? 47

SME Cloud Software 48

Corporate Managers and Users 73

Organizational Users of Cloud Computing 74

Summary of Chapter 2 75

References 76

Bibliography 76

Website Bibliography 77

Accounting Software 77

CRM Software 77

Data Analytics 77

ERP for SMEs 77

Help Desk 77

HR Software 78

Office Software 78

Project Management Tools 78

Purchasing and Procurement 78

Social Media 79

Chapter 3: What is Virtualization? 80

Hardware Virtualization 81

Hypervisors 82

Types of Hardware Virtualization 84

Hardware Virtualization Vendors and Products 86

Hardware Virtualization Benefits 87

Operating System Virtualization 88

Operating-system-level Virtualization (Containerization) 89

Containerization software 90

Containers vs. Virtual Machines 92

Container Cloud Practices 93

Storage Virtualization 94

DAS (Direct Attached Storage) 95

SAN (Storage Area Networks) 97

NAS (Network Attached Storage) 98

Storage virtualization techniques 99

Summary of Chapter 3 101

References 101

Bibliography 101

Chapter 4: Can the Cloud Help Operations? 103

Load Balancing 103

Load Balancing Algorithms 105

Hardware versus Software Load Balancing 111

Cloud-based Balancing 112

Cloud Load Balancing versus DNS Load Balancing 113

Scalability and Elasticity 114

Elasticity in Cloud environments 116

Challenges for Elasticity 116

Benefits of Cloud Elasticity 119

Summary of Chapter 4 123

References 124

Bibliography 124

Chapter 5: How are Clouds Managed? 125

Automation 125

Orchestration 126

Automation Tasks 127

Implementing Orchestration with IaC 129

IaC Example 131

IaC Tools 132

Cloud Provider Resource Management 135

Access Control for Resource Management Tools 140

Customized policies 141

APIs and SDKs 141

APIs 141

SDKs 143

SDKs and APIs 143

Cloud Backup and Replication 144

Cloud Backup 144

Cloud Backup Processes 146

Cloud Backup Drawbacks 147

Cloud Backup Vendors 148

Cloud Replication 150

Replication Technologies 152

DRaaS 152

Summary of Chapter 5 154

References 155

Bibliography 155

Website Bibliography 156

Backup Providers 156

DRaaS Providers 156

IaC Providers 157

Chapter 6: What are Cloud Business Concerns? 158

Monitoring and Console Tools 159

Resource Consumption Monitoring 159

Planning for Monitoring 160

Cloud Monitoring Tools 161

Monitoring Challenges 164

Cost monitoring 165

Costs Associated with Zombie Resource Instances 168

Service Level Agreements (SLAs) 171

SLA Sources 171

SLA Components 172

SLA Metrics 173

Other Performance considerations 178

Performance Failure Penalties 178

SLA Data Ownership Clause 179

Data Disposition 181

Data Breaches 182

Governmental Access Requests 183

SLA Revisions 183

Transferring SLAs 184

More on SLAs 184

Billing 185

Amazon Billing 187

Third Party Billing Tools 187

Summary of Chapter 6 188

References 189

Bibliography 189

Website Bibliography 190

Cost and Monitoring Software 190

Zombie Instance Management Software 191

Chapter 7: How are Business Applications in the Cloud Managed Safely? 192

Cloud Vulnerabilities 192

Cloud Security Architecture 193

IaaS Security Architecture 194

PaaS Security Architecture 198

SaaS Security Architecture 201

Access and Identity Control in the Cloud 202

Identity Governance 204

IAM Considerations for Developers 205

Identity Provisioning 206

Cloud Licenses 207

IAM with Third Party Vendors 208

Identity and Access Management Products 211

Identity Management Standards 213

Summary of Chapter 7 217

References 218

Bibliography 219

Website Bibliography 219

Identity Management 219

Chapter 8: What is Cloud Governance? 221

IT Governance Overview 221

IT Governance Boards 223

IT Governance Frameworks 224

IT Governance in the Cloud 232

Choosing a Governance Framework 234

Cloud Risk Factors Related to Governance 234

IT Audit Committees 236

IT Auditor 236

IT Controls 238

End-User Controls 241

Shadow IT 243

Acceptable Risk 244

SOA Governance 245

Ensuring Secure Cloud Data 246

Cloud Provider Data Safety Measures 247

Cloud Encryption 248

Symmetric Key Encryption 250

Asymmetric Key Encryption 251

Other Encryption Methods 254

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) 254

Key Management 257

Key Management System Products 259

Summary of Chapter 8 260

References 261

Bibliography 261

Chapter 9: What other Services Run in the Cloud? 263

DevOps 263

Cloud-based Problem-Solving Approaches 270

Microservices 274

Cloud Database Applications 276

Cloud Data Models 277

Cloud Database Typical Features 279

DBaaS Product Examples 279

Cloud Analytics Services 282

Hadoop 285

Hadoop in the Cloud 286

Open Source Private Cloud Software 288

OpenStack Overview 289

OpenStack Components 290

Other Services 291

Compute Services 291

Application Services 292

Summary of Chapter 9 292

References 293

Bibliography 293

Website Bibliography 294

Data Analytics Tools 294

DBaaS 294

DevOps 295

Hadoop Competitors 295

Private Clouds 295

Virtual Databases 296

Chapter 10: What is the Cloud Future? 297

NoOps 297

Everything as a Service (EaaS) 298

Zero Knowledge Cloud Storage 298

Serverless Architecture 299

Multicloud 299

Small Business Clouds 300

Machine Learning 300

Internet of Things (IoT) 302

Cloud Computing as a Utility 303

Cloud Streaming Services 303

Edge Computing 303

Fog Computing 304

Summary of Chapter 10 306

References 307

Bibliography 308

Glossary

Index 

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