Co- and Posttranslational Proteolysis of Proteins

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ISBN: 9780121227234 | 0121227235
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/24/2001

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This volume examines a number of different proteases, a type of enzyme, that are required in order for the change to a biologically active mature protein to occur. The discussion of these various proteases is rarely undertaken in one volume and will serve as a great resource for scientists studying the group of proteases on signal peptide processing as well as those working on propeptide processing. These areas of research do not normally overlap, and yet they are each of common importance to the same cell processes.

Preface

Section I Signal Peptide Processing

The Eubacterial Lipoprotein-Specific (Type II) Signal Peptidase

Harold Tjalsma

Geeske Zanen

Sierd Bron

Jan Maarten van Dijl

General Introduction

(1)

Type II SPases

(7)

Lipoproteins

(8)

The Role of Lipoprotein Processing by SPase II

(1)

Outlook

(7)

Summary

(2)

References

(5)

Bacterial Type I Signal Peptidases

Joseph L. Carlos

Mark Paetzel

Philip A. Klenotic

Natalie C. J. Strynadka

Ross E. Dalbey

Introduction: Bacterial Signal Peptidase, Signal Peptides and Protein Targeting

(9)

Type I Signal Peptidase Enzymology

(9)

Three-Dimensional Structure

(5)

Other Ser-Lys Dyad Proteases and Amidases

(1)

Conclusions and Perspective

(7)

References

(5)

Structure and Function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Signal Peptidase Complex

Neil Green

Hong Fang

Stephen Miles

Mark O. Lively

Introduction

(3)

Structure of the Signal Peptidase Complex

(7)

Function of SPC

(3)

Roles of the SPC Subunits

(2)

Future Directions

(5)

References

(5)

Mitochondrial Processing Peptidase/Mitochondrial Intermediate Peptidase

Jiri Adamec

Frantisek Kalousek

Grazia Isaya

Introduction

(1)

Overview of Mitochondrial Protein Import

(2)

Mitochondrial Processing Peptidase

(9)

Mitochondrial Intermediate Peptidase

(12)

References

(5)

Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Type I Signal Peptidases

Christopher J. Howe

Kevin A. Floyd

Chloroplast Type I Signal Peptidase: The Thylakoidal Processing Peptidase

101

(10)

Mitochondrial Type I Signal Peptidase: The Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Protease

111

(10)

Origins of the Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Type I Signal Peptidases

121

(6)

References

123

(4)

Type IV Prepilin Leader Peptidases

Mark S. Strom

Stephen Lory

Introduction

127

(2)

The Substrates of Type IV Prepilin Peptidases

129

(6)

Genetic Characterization of Type IV Prepilin Peptidases

135

(4)

Cellular Localization and Topology of Type IV Prepilin Peptidases

139

(4)

Characterization of Type IV Prepilin Peptidase Activity

143

(3)

Role of Leader Peptide Cleavage and N-Methylation in Pilus Biogenesis and Type II Secretion

146

(2)

Structure-Function of the Type IV Prepilin Peptidases

148

(5)

Substrate Specificity of Type IV Peptidases and Enzyme Kinetics

153

(3)

Future Directions

156

(8)

References

157

(7)

Section II Proprocessing

The Prohormone Convertases and Precursor Processing in Protein Biosynthesis

Donald F. Steiner

Introduction and Historical Perspective

164

(18)

The Proprotein Convertase Family

182

(4)

Effects of Mutations and/or Disruptions in Convertase Genes

186

(4)

Are There Other Convertases?

190

(1)

Conclusions and Future Glimpses

191

(8)

References

193r

(199)

Furin

Sean S. Molloy

Gary Thomas

Introduction

199

(2)

Identification/Expression

201

(2)

Structure

203

(1)

Biochemical Characteristics

204

(2)

Furin Cleavage Site Requirements

206

(2)

Furin Biosynthesis

208

(4)

Intracellular Localization and Trafficking of Furin

212

(5)

Furin Substrates

217

(4)

Furin Inhibitors

221

(2)

Role of Furin in Vivo

223

(3)

Furin and Pathogenesis

226

(2)

Conclusion

228

(9)

References

230

(7)

Cellular Limited Proteolysis of Precursor Proteins and Peptides

Nabil G. Seidah

Processing of Precursors at Single and Dibasic Residues and at Nonbasic Sites

237

(3)

The Regulation of Processing within the Constitutive and Regulated Secretory Pathways

240

(4)

Convertases' Gene Structures, Evolution, and Knockout

244

(9)

Proprotein Convertases and the Processing of α- and β-Secretases Implicated in the Etiology of Alzheimer's Disease

253

(2)

Conclusions

255

(1)

Summary

255

(5)

References

256

(4)

Yeast Kex2 Protease

Nathan C. Rockwell

Robert S. Fuller

General Introduction

260

(3)

Primary Structure of Kex2 Protease

263

(2)

Phenotypes Associated with kex2 Mutations

265

(1)

Characterization of Kex2 Specificity in Vivo

266

(1)

Cellular Aspects of Kex2 Function

267

(2)

Purification and Characterization of Kex2 Protease

269

(4)

Detailed Characterization of Specificity in Vitro

273

(7)

Pre-Steady-State Characterization of Kex2 Protease

280

(2)

Kex2 as a Paradigm for Processing Protease Structure and Function

282

(9)

References

286

(5)

The Enzymology of PC1 and PC2

A. Cameron

E. V. Apletalina

I. Lindberg

Introduction

291

(8)

Substrate Specificity of PC1 and PC2

299

(14)

Inhibitory Specificity of PC1 and PC2

313

(12)

General Summary and Conclusions

325

(10)

References

328

(7)

Section III Other Proteases That Cleave Proteins

Self-Processing of Subunits of the Proteasome

Erika Seemuller

Peter Zwickl

Wolfgang Baumeister

Introduction

335

(4)

The 20S Proteasome

339

(8)

Maturation of β-Type Subunits

347

(13)

Functional Aspects: Why Proregions?

360

(13)

References

367

(6)

Tsp and Related Tail-Specific Proteases

Kenneth C. Keiler

Robert T. Sauer

Introduction

373

(1)

Identification and General Structural Properties

374

(1)

Activity and Active-Site Residues

375

(2)

Kinetic Constants

377

(1)

Substrate Specificity

378

(4)

Phylogenetic Distribution

382

(2)

Phenotypes

384

(1)

Biological Functions

384

(3)

References

385

(2)

Co- and Posttranslational Processing: The Removal of Methionine

Ralph A. Bradshaw

Christopher J. Hope

Elizabeth Yi

Kenneth W. Walker

N-Terminal Processing: An Overview

387

(3)

Initiation of Protein Synthesis

390

(1)

The Methionine Aminopeptidases

391

(25)

Future Directions

416

(5)

References

417

(4)

Carboxypeptidases E and D

Lloyd D. Fricker

Introduction

421

(1)

Carboxypeptidase E

422

(14)

Carboxypeptidase D

436

(10)

Other Members of the Carboxypeptidase E/D Subfamily

446

(1)

Concluding Remarks

447

(6)

References

448

(5)

Author Index

453

(40)

Subject Index

493

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Co- and Posttranslational Proteolysis of Proteins

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