The Cognitive Approach to Conscious Machines

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ISBN: 9780907845423 | 0907845428
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 3/1/2003

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The author argues that true conscious machines can be built, but rejects artificial intelligence and classical neural networks in favour of the emulation of the cognitive processes of the brain. Novel views on consciousness and the mind-body problem are presented. This books is a must for anyone interested in consciousness research and the latest ideas in the forthcoming technology of mind.

Contents	p. v
Preface	p. ix
Introduction	p. 1
Thinking and Computation	p. 7
Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence	p. 9
Thinking Machines, 40s Style	p. 9
Symbols and Computers	p. 10
Computing by Look-up Tables	p. 11
Finite State Machines	p. 12
The Turing Machine	p. 15
Von Neumann Architecture	p. 17
The Church-Turing Thesis	p. 18
The Great Imitation Game	p. 19
Artificial Minds via Simulation?	p. 21
Arguments against AI	p. 24
Artificial Neural Networks to the Rescue	p. 29
The Biological Neuron	p. 29
The Artificial Neuron	p. 31
The Exclusive-OR Problem	p. 32
Neural State Machines, Recurrent Neural Networks	p. 34
Learning in Artificial Neural Networks	p. 35
Arguments against Neural Networks	p. 36
Cognition and Consciousness	p. 39
Cognition and Perception	p. 41
The Real Processes of the Mind	p. 41
From Sensation to Perception	p. 43
Sensory Match, Mismatch and Novelty Detection	p. 47
Visual Perception	p. 49
Auditory Perception	p. 57
Touch Perception	p. 64
Multisensory Integration	p. 65
Attention in Perception and Thinking	p. 66
Perception of Self as a Vantage Point	p. 70
Learning, Reasoning and Intelligence	p. 75
Learning, Memorization and Memory Making	p. 75
Associative Learning	p. 76
Correlative Learning	p. 78
Learning by Trial and Error	p. 79
Learning by Imitation	p. 79
Learning by Verbal Description	p. 81
Memory and Memories	p. 81
Perception of Time	p. 84
Deduction and Reasoning	p. 89
Intelligence	p. 94
Creativity and Imagination	p. 96
Emotions and Cognition	p. 99
What are Emotions	p. 99
Pain and Pleasure	p. 101
The Beautiful and Ugly, Perceptual Pleasure	p. 105
The Good, the Bad and the Rotten	p. 108
Theories of Emotion	p. 110
The System Reaction Theory of Emotions	p. 111
Emotional Significance	p. 116
Motivation, Needs, Drives, Goals	p. 117
Humor and Laughter	p. 118
Music Perception and Emotions	p. 120
Language and Thought	p. 125
What is Language?	p. 125
Language, Thought and Inner Speech	p. 127
Grammar and Syntax	p. 128
The Multimodal Model of Language	p. 131
Words and Their Meanings	p. 134
Linguistic Understanding	p. 136
Language and Communication	p. 138
Consciousness	p. 141
The Mystery of Consciousness	p. 141
The Easy and Hard Problems of Consciousness	p. 145
Intentionality and Qualia	p. 146
Consciousness, Perception, Attention and Memory	p. 149
Self-consciousness and Self-image	p. 151
The Theory of Mind or I Know What You Know and Feel	p. 153
Consciousness and Free Will	p. 154
Models for Consciousness	p. 156
The Hammer Test for Consciousness Theories	p. 161
Arguments against Machine Consciousness	p. 162
Technology of the Mind	p. 163
Machine Models for Cognition and Consciousness	p. 165
Introduction	p. 165
Representation of Information	p. 169
Representation of Information by Distributed Signals	p. 169
Grandmother Signals?	p. 171
Classification by Distributed Signal Representations	p. 172
Object recognition and Alias Representations	p. 173
Representation of Significance	p. 175
Artificial Associative Neurons and Neuron Groups	p. 177
The Associative Neuron	p. 177
Neuron Groups and Memory Function	p. 178
Models for Machine Perception Processes	p. 181
Machine Perception	p. 181
Sensory Modality Perception/response Modules	p. 185
Cross-Connected Perception/response Modules	p. 187
A Cognitive Machine Architecture	p. 189
Integration of Processes and Functions	p. 189
Visual Subsystem	p. 192
Auditory Subsystem	p. 197
Visually Assisted Auditory Perception	p. 200
Models for Motor Functions	p. 203
Motor Acts and Sequences	p. 203
Controlling Motor Acts	p. 205
Mirror Neurons and Imitation	p. 208
Machine Emotions	p. 211
System Reactions	p. 211
Emotions in the Machine	p. 214
Machine Volition and Motivation	p. 216
Language and Inner Speech	p. 219
The Implementation of the Multimodal Model of Language	p. 219
Speech Acquisition	p. 219
Learning to Read	p. 221
Vertical Grounding of Word Meaning	p. 223
Vertically Grounded Sentences	p. 228
Horizontal Grounding of Word Meaning	p. 229
Combined Horizontal and Vertical Grounding	p. 232
On Syntax	p. 233
Inner Speech and Machine Thoughts	p. 239
Inner Imagery and Thinking	p. 241
Deduction and Reasoning	p. 241
Intelligence and Creativity	p. 244
Mental Arithmetic--Exercise in Inner Imagery	p. 245
Machine Consciousness	p. 247
Ghost in the Machine	p. 247
Conscious Machine Awareness	p. 249
Self-conscious Machines	p. 256
The Ultimate Test for Thinking Machines	p. 260
Consciousness, Technology and Final Questions	p. 263
Towards the Technology of Mind	p. 263
Skillful Robots	p. 264
Minds on Silicon	p. 265
Consciousness and Self or Raise the Dead?	p. 267
Can We Get into the Machine?	p. 268
The Final Question: Being Inside	p. 271
References	p. 273
Index	p. 280
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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The Cognitive Approach to Conscious Machines

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