Cognitive Therapy: 100 Key Points and

Cognitive Therapy: 100 Key Pointsis a crisp, concise elaboration of the 100 main features of the most popular and best validated approach within the field of cognitive behavior therapy. The 100 key points cover cognitive therapy theory and practice, and examine misconceptions about this approach. Divided into helpful sections, topics covered include assessment, homework, ways of detecting NATS, uncovering core beliefs and relapse prevention. This neat, usable book is an essential guide for psychotherapists and counsellors, both in training and in practice, who need to ensure they are entirely familiar with the key features of cognitive behavioral therapy.

Michael Neenan is Associate Director of the Centre for Stress Management, London.

Preface

xi

Part 1 CT THEORY

1

(24)

1 It is not events per se which determine our feelings but the meanings that we attach to these events

3

(2)

2 Information processing becomes distorted when we experience emotional distress

5

(2)

3 An emotional disorder is usually understood by examining three levels of thinking

7

(2)

4 Thoughts, feelings, behaviour, physiology and environment are interconnected

9

(2)

5 Emotional reactions to events are viewed along a continuum

11

(2)

6 Emotional disorders have a specific cognitive content

13

(2)

7 Cognitive vulnerability to psychological disturbance

15

(2)

8 Our thoughts and beliefs are both knowable and accessible

17

(2)

9 Acquisition of emotional disturbance

19

(2)

10 Maintenance of emotional disturbance

21

(2)

11 The client as personal scientist

23

(2)

Part 2 MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT CT

25

(22)

12 Only articulate and intelligent clients can really benefit from CT

27

(2)

13 CT does not focus on feelings

29

(2)

14 CT is basically positive thinking

31

(2)

15 CT seems too simple

33

(2)

16 CT is little more than symptom relief

35

(2)

17 CT is not interested in the client's past or childhood experiences

37

(2)

18 CT does not make use of the relationship as a means of client change

39

(2)

19 CT is not interested in the social and environmental factors that contribute to clients' problems

41

(2)

20 CT is just the application of common sense to clients' problems

43

(2)

21 CT teaches clients to think rationally in tackling their problems

45

(2)

Part 3 CT PRACTICE

47

(206)

Getting started

49

(26)

22 Setting the scene

51

(2)

23 Undertaking an assessment

53

(2)

24 Assessing client suitability for CT

55

(4)

25 Structuring the therapy session

59

(2)

26 Setting the agenda

61

(2)

27 Drawing up a problem list

63

(2)

28 Agreeing on goals

65

(2)

29 Teaching the cognitive model

67

(2)

30 Developing a case conceptualization

69

(4)

31 Developing treatment plans

73

(2)

Ways of detecting NATS

75

(36)

32 Detecting NATS

77

(2)

33 Guided discovery

79

(2)

34 Using imagery

81

(2)

35 Making suggestions

83

(2)

36 In-session emotional changes

85

(2)

37 Finding the thoughts by ascertaining the client's idiosyncratic meaning of the event

87

(2)

38 Focusing on feelings

89

(2)

39 Assuming the worst

91

(2)

40 In vivo exposure

93

(2)

41 Role play

95

(2)

42 Analysing a specific situation

97

(2)

43 NATS in shorthand

99

(2)

44 Symptom induction

101

(2)

45 Behavioural assignments

103

(2)

46 Eliciting NATS from less important cognitive data

105

(2)

47 Separating situations, thoughts and feelings

107

(2)

48 Distinguishing between thoughts and feelings

109

(2)

Examining and responding to NATS

111

(34)

49 Answering back

113

(2)

50 Weighing the evidence

115

(4)

51 Constructing alternative explanations

119

(2)

52 Identifying cognitive distortions

121

(2)

53 Looking at the advantages and disadvantages

123

(2)

54 Defining terms

125

(2)

55 Reattribution

127

(2)

56 Decatastrophizing

129

(2)

57 Exploring double standards

131

(2)

58 Modifying imagery

133

(2)

59 Behavioural experiments

135

(2)

60 Socratic questioning (guided discovery)

137

(4)

61 Exaggeration and humour

141

(2)

62 Writing down alternative responses to NATS

143

(2)

Homework

145

(14)

63 Rationale for homework

147

(2)

64 Types of homework assignment

149

(4)

65 Negotiating homework assignments

153

(2)

66 Reviewing homework assignments

155

(4)

Ways of identifying underlying assumptions and rules

159

(14)

67 Revealing 'if...then' statements

161

(2)

68 Spotting 'musts' and 'shoulds'

163

(2)

69 Discerning themes in clients' automatic thoughts

165

(2)

70 Investigating marked mood variations

167

(2)

71 The downward arrow

169

(2)

72 Memories, family sayings, mottoes

171

(2)

Revising assumptions and rules

173

(18)

73 Behavioural experiments

175

(2)

74 Disobeying the 'shoulds' and 'musts'

177

(2)

75 Redrawing personal contracts

179

(2)

76 Examining the short- and long-term usefulness of assumptions and rules

181

(2)

77 Developing an alternative assumption that retains the advantages of the maladaptive assumption and jettisons its disadvantages

183

(2)

78 Listing the advantages and disadvantages of a rule or assumption

185

(2)

79 Exploring the historical development of assumptions and rules

187

(2)

80 Using imagery to modify assumptions

189

(2)

Uncovering core beliefs

191

(10)

81 The downward arrow

193

(2)

82 Conjunctive phrasing

195

(2)

83 Sentence completion

197

(2)

84 Core beliefs appearing as automatic thoughts

199

(2)

Developing and strengthening new/existing core beliefs

201

(22)

85 Educating clients about core beliefs

203

(2)

86 Developing alternative core beliefs

205

(2)

87 Use of a continuum

207

(2)

88 Positive data logs

209

(2)

89 Acting 'as if'

211

(2)

90 Historical test of the new core belief

213

(2)

91 Challenging each thought in the downward arrow procedure

215

(2)

92 Rational-emotional role play

217

(2)

93 Learning self-acceptance

219

(4)

Resistance

223

(10)

94 Client resistance

225

(4)

95 Therapist resistance

229

(4)

Towards termination and beyond

233

(14)

96 Relapse prevention

235

(2)

97 Termination

237

(4)

98 Maintaining gains from therapy

241

(4)

99 Follow-up

245

(2)

Cognitive therapy: is it just for clients?

247

(6)

100 Practising what you preach

249

(4)

Appendices

253

(6)

References

259

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Cognitive Therapy: 100 Key Points and Techniques

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Cognitive Therapy: 100 Key Points and Techniques

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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