Cold-Formed Steel Structures to the Aisi

This volume reveals the behaviour and design of cold-formed steel structures, connections and systems. It describes the AISI Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members published in July 2000, which governs the design of all cold-formed steel frames, including roof, wall and racking systems, and cold-formed steel residential construction in the USA. The text offers worked examples which can be programmed using MATHCAD or EXCEL.

Gregory J. Hancock is the BHP Steel Professor of Steel Structures in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Thomas M. Murray is the Montague-Betts Professor of Structural Steel Design, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg Duane S. Ellifritt is Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Florida, Gainesville

Preface

v

Introduction

1

(32)

Definition

1

(1)

Brief History of Cold-Formed Steel Usage

1

(1)

The Development of a Design Standard

2

(1)

History of Cold-Formed Standards

3

(2)

Common Section Profiles and Applications of Cold-Formed Steel

5

(8)

Manufacturing Processes

13

(3)

Roll Forming

13

(1)

Brake Forming

14

(2)

General Approach to the Design of Cold-Formed Sections

16

(11)

Special Problems

16

(1)

Local Buckling and Post-Local Buckling of Thin Plate Elements

16

(1)

Effective Width Concept

17

(3)

Propensity for Twisting

20

(1)

Distortional Buckling

20

(2)

Cold Work of Forming

22

(1)

Web Crippling Under Bearing

23

(1)

Connections

24

(2)

Corrosion Protection

26

(1)

Inelastic Reserve Capacity

27

(1)

Two Design Methods

27

(2)

Allowable Stress Design

28

(1)

Load and Resistance Factor Design

28

(1)

Load Combinations

29

(4)

References

30

(3)

Materials and Cold Work of Forming

33

(24)

Steel Standards

33

(4)

Typical Stress--Strain Curves

37

(4)

Ductility

41

(5)

Effects of Cold Work on Structural Steels

46

(3)

Corner Properties of Cold-Formed Sections

49

(3)

Fracture Toughness

52

(5)

References

54

(3)

Buckling Modes of Thin-Walled Members in Compression and Bending

57

(22)

Introduction to the Finite Strip Method

57

(3)

Singly-Symmetric Column Study

60

(11)

Unlipped Channel

60

(4)

Lipped Channel

64

(5)

Lipped Channel (Fixed Ended)

69

(2)

Purlin Section Study

71

(3)

Channel Section

71

(2)

Z-Section

73

(1)

Hollow Flange Beam in Bending

74

(5)

References

76

(3)

Stiffened and Unstiffened Compression Elements

79

(48)

Local Buckling

79

(2)

Postbuckling of Plate Elements in Compression

81

(3)

Effective Width Formulae for Imperfect Elements in Pure Compression

84

(5)

Effective Width Formulae for Imperfect Elements under Stress Gradient

89

(1)

Stiffened Elements

89

(1)

Unstiffened Elements

90

(1)

Effective Width Formulae for Elements with Stiffners

90

(5)

Edge-Stiffened Elements

90

(3)

Intermediate Stiffened Elements with One Intermediate Stiffener

93

(1)

Intermediate Stiffeners for Edge-Stiffened Elements with an Intermediate Stiffener, and Stiffened Elements with More than One Intermediate Stiffener

93

(2)

Examples

95

(32)

Hat Section in Bending

95

(5)

Hat Section in Bending with Intermediate Stiffener in Compression Flange

100

(6)

C-Section Purlin in Bending

106

(9)

Z-Section Purlin in Bending

115

(9)

References

124

(3)

Flexural Members

127

(40)

General

127

(2)

Torsional-Flexural (Lateral) Buckling

129

(13)

Elastic Buckling of Unbraced Simply Supported Beams

129

(5)

Continuous Beams and Braced Simply Supported Beams

134

(7)

Bending Strength Design Equations

141

(1)

Basic Behavior of C- and Z-Section Flexural Members

142

(11)

Linear Response of C- and Z-Sections

142

(1)

General

142

(1)

Sections with Leteral Restraint Only

143

(2)

Sections with Lateral and Torsional Restraint

145

(3)

Stability Considerations

148

(5)

Bracing

153

(2)

Inelastic Reserve Capacity

155

(3)

Sections with Flat Elements

155

(2)

Cylindrical Tubular Members

157

(1)

Example: Simply Supported C-Section Beam

158

(9)

References

163

(4)

Webs

167

(22)

General

167

(1)

Webs in Shear

168

(4)

Shear Buckling

168

(2)

Shear Yielding

170

(2)

Webs in Bending

172

(2)

Webs in Combined Bending and Shear

174

(2)

Web Stiffeners

176

(1)

Web Crippling

176

(6)

Edge Loading Alone

176

(3)

Combined Bending and Web Crippling

179

(3)

Webs with Holes

182

(2)

Example: Combined Bending with Web Crippling of Hat Section

184

(5)

References

186

(3)

Compression Members

189

(32)

General

189

(1)

Elastic Member Buckling

190

(4)

Stub Column Axial Strength

194

(1)

Long Column Axial Strength

195

(3)

Effect of Local Buckling of Singly-Symmetric Sections

198

(4)

Examples

202

(19)

Square Hollow Section Column

202

(3)

Unlipped Channel Column

205

(5)

Lipped Channel Column

210

(10)

References

220

(1)

Members in Combined Axial Load and Bending

221

(30)

Combined Axial Compressive load and Bending: General

221

(2)

Interaction Equations for Combined Axial Compressive Load and Bending

223

(4)

Singly Symmetric Sections Under Combined Axial Compressive Load and Bending

227

(4)

Sections Bent in a Plane of Symmetry

227

(4)

Sections Bent About an Axis of Symmetry

231

(1)

Combined Axial Tensile Load and Bending

231

(2)

Examples

233

(18)

Unlipped Channel Section Beam-Column Bent in Plane of Symmetry

233

(5)

Unlipped Channel Section Beam-Column Bent About Plane of Symmetry

238

(4)

Lipped Channel Section Beam-Column Bent in Plane of Symmetry

242

(6)

References

248

(3)

Connections

251

(46)

Introduction to Welded Connections

251

(4)

Fusion Welds

255

(14)

Groove Welds in Butt Joints

255

(1)

Fillet Welds Subject to Transverse Loading

256

(2)

Fillet Welds Subject to Longitudinal Loading

258

(2)

Combined Longitudinal and Transverse Fillet Welds

260

(1)

Flare Groove Welds

261

(1)

Arc Spot Welds (Puddle Welds)

262

(6)

Arc Seam Welds

268

(1)

Resistance Welds

269

(1)

Introduction to Bolted Connections

269

(3)

Design Formulae and Failure Moles for Bolted Connections

272

(8)

Treaout Failure of Sheet (Type I)

272

(3)

Bearing Failure of Sheet (Type II)

275

(1)

Net Section Tension Failure (Type III)

276

(3)

Shear Failure of Bolt (Type IV)

279

(1)

Screw Fasteners

280

(3)

Rupture

283

(2)

Examples

285

(12)

Welded Connection Design Example

285

(6)

Bolted Connection Design Example

291

(3)

Screw Fastener Design Example (LRFD Method)

294

(1)

References

295

(2)

Metal Building Roof and Wall Systems

297

(56)

Introduction

297

(5)

Specific AISI Design Methods for Purlins

302

(8)

General

302

(1)

R-Factor Design Method for Through-Fastened Panel Systema and Uplift Loading

303

(1)

The Base Test Method for Standing Steam Panel Systems

304

(6)

Continuous Purlin Line Design

310

(8)

System Anchorage Requirements

318

(11)

Z-Purlin Supported Systems

318

(10)

C-Purlin Supported Systems

328

(1)

Examples

329

(24)

Computation of R-value from Base Tests

329

(3)

Continuous Lapped Z-Section Purlin

332

(14)

Anchorage Force Calculations

346

(4)

References

350

(3)

Steel Storage Racking

353

(22)

Introduction

353

(2)

Loads

355

(3)

Methods of Structural Analysis

358

(3)

Upright Frames

358

(2)

Beams

360

(1)

Stability of Truss-Braced Upright Frames

361

(1)

Effects of Perforations (Slots)

361

(2)

Section Modulus of Net Section

362

(1)

Form Factor (Q)

363

(1)

Member Design Rules

363

(3)

Flexural Design Curves

364

(1)

Column Design Curves

364

(2)

Example

366

(9)

References

374

(1)

Direct Strength Method

375

(18)

Introduction

375

(1)

Elastic Buckling Solutions

376

(2)

Strength Design Curves

378

(6)

Local Buckling

378

(3)

Flange-Distortional Buckling

381

(2)

Overall Buckling

383

(1)

Direct Strength Equations

384

(2)

Examples

386

(7)

Lipped Channel Column (Direct Strength Method)

386

(3)

Simply Supported C-Section Beam

389

(2)

References

391

(2)

Index

393

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Cold-Formed Steel Structures to the Aisi Specification

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials