College Physics

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ISBN: 9780534997236 | 0534997236
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 2/28/2005

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COLLEGE PHYSICS provides students with a clear and logical presentation of the basic concepts and principles of physics. The authors include a broad range of contemporary applications to motivate students understanding of how physics works in the real world. In addition, new pedagogy, reflecting the findings of physics education research, has been added to help students improve their problem solving skills and conceptual understanding. The text's flexible, accessible, and focused presentation, coupled with extraordinary text/media integration through PhysicsNow, gives instructors and students the tools they need to succeed. This text, which covers the standard topics in classical physics and 20th century physics, is divided into six parts. Newtonian mechanics and the physics of fluids (Part I); heat and thermodynamics (Part II); wave motion and sound (Part III); electricity and magnetism (Part IV); properties of light and the field of geometric and wave optics (Part V); and an introduction to special relativity, quantum physics, and atomic and nuclear physics (Part VI).

Mechanics
Introduction	p. 1
Standards of Length, Mass, and Time	p. 1
The Building Blocks of Matter	p. 4
Dimensional Analysis	p. 5
Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures	p. 7
Conversion of Units	p. 9
Estimates and Order-of-Magnitude Calculations	p. 11
Coordinate Systems	p. 13
Trigonometry	p. 14
Problem-Solving Strategy	p. 16
Summary	p. 17
Motion in One Dimension	p. 23
Displacement	p. 24
Velocity	p. 25
Acceleration	p. 30
Motion Diagrams	p. 33
One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration	p. 35
Freely Falling Objects	p. 41
Summary	p. 45
Vectors and Two-Dimensional Motion	p. 53
Vectors and Their Properties	p. 53
Components of a Vector	p. 56
Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration in Two Dimensions	p. 59
Motion in Two Dimensions	p. 60
Relative Velocity	p. 68
Summary	p. 72
The Laws of Motion	p. 81
Forces	p. 81
Newton's First Law	p. 83
Newton's Second Law	p. 84
Newton's Third Law	p. 90
Applications of Newton's Laws	p. 92
Forces of Friction	p. 100
Summary	p. 107
Energy	p. 118
Work	p. 118
Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem	p. 123
Gravitational Potential Energy	p. 126
Spring Potential Energy	p. 134
Systems and Energy Conservation	p. 140
Power	p. 142
Work Done by a Varying Force	p. 146
Summary	p. 148
Momentum and Collisions	p. 160
Momentum and Impulse	p. 160
Conservation of Momentum	p. 166
Collisions	p. 168
Glancing Collisions	p. 175
Rocket Propulsion	p. 177
Summary	p. 180
Rotational Motion and the Law of Gravity	p. 189
Angular Speed and Angular Acceleration	p. 189
Rotational Motion Under Constant Angular Acceleration	p. 193
Relations Between Angular and Linear Quantities	p. 194
Centripetal Acceleration	p. 198
Newtonian Gravitation	p. 206
Kepler's Laws	p. 214
Summary	p. 217
Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics	p. 226
Torque	p. 227
Torque and the Two Conditions for Equilibrium	p. 230
The Center of Gravity	p. 232
Examples of Objects in Equilibrium	p. 234
Relationship Between Torque and Angular Acceleration	p. 237
Rotational Kinetic Energy	p. 244
Angular Momentum	p. 247
Summary	p. 251
Solids and Fluids	p. 266
States of Matter	p. 266
The Deformation of Solids	p. 268
Density and Pressure	p. 274
Variation of Pressure with Depth	p. 277
Pressure Measurements	p. 281
Buoyant Forces and Archimedes's Principle	p. 282
Fluids in Motion	p. 288
Other Applications of Fluid Dynamics	p. 294
Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscous Fluid Flow	p. 298
Transport Phenomena	p. 305
Summary	p. 309
Thermodynamics
Thermal Physics	p. 321
Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics	p. 322
Thermometers and Temperature Scales	p. 323
Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids	p. 327
Macroscopic Description of an Ideal Gas	p. 334
The Kinetic Theory of Gases	p. 339
Summary	p. 344
Energy in Thermal Processes	p. 352
Heat and Internal Energy	p. 352
Specific Heat	p. 355
Calorimetry	p. 357
Latent Heat and Phase Change	p. 359
Energy Transfer	p. 365
Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases	p. 375
Summary	p. 377
The Laws of Thermodynamics	p. 386
Work in Thermodynamic Processes	p. 386
The First Law of Thermodynamics	p. 389
Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics	p. 399
Entropy	p. 408
Human Metabolism	p. 413
Summary	p. 416
Vibrations and Waves
Vibrations and Waves	p. 424
Hooke's Law	p. 424
Elastic Potential Energy	p. 427
Comparing Simple Harmonic Motion with Uniform Circular Motion	p. 432
Position, Velocity, and Acceleration as a Function of Time	p. 435
Motion of a Pendulum	p. 438
Damped Oscillations	p. 441
Waves	p. 441
Frequency, Amplitude, and Wavelength	p. 444
The Speed of Waves on Strings	p. 446
Interference of Waves	p. 447
Reflection of Waves	p. 448
Summary	p. 449
Sound	p. 458
Producing a Sound Wave	p. 458
Characteristics of Sound Waves	p. 459
The Speed of Sound	p. 461
Energy and Intensity of Sound Waves	p. 463
Spherical and Plane Waves	p. 465
The Doppler Effect	p. 467
Interference of Sound Waves	p. 473
Standing Waves	p. 475
Forced Vibrations and Resonance	p. 479
Standing Waves in Air Columns	p. 480
Beats	p. 484
Quality of Sound	p. 486
The Ear	p. 487
Summary	p. 489
Electricity and Magnetism
Electric Forces and Electric Fields	p. 497
Properties of Electric Charges	p. 497
Insulators and Conductors	p. 497
Coulomb's Law	p. 500
The Electric Field	p. 505
Electric Field Lines	p. 510
Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium	p. 512
The Millikan Oil-Drop Experiment	p. 515
The Van de Graaff Generator	p. 516
Electric Flux and Gauss's Law	p. 517
Summary	p. 523
Electrical Energy and Capacitance	p. 531
Potential Difference and Electric Potential	p. 531
Electric Potential and Potential Energy Due to Point Charges	p. 538
Potentials and Charged Conductors	p. 541
Equipotential Surfaces	p. 542
Applications	p. 543
Capacitance	p. 545
The Parallel-Plate Capacitor	p. 546
Combinations of Capacitors	p. 548
Energy Stored in a Charged Capacitor	p. 554
Capacitors with Dielectrics	p. 556
Summary	p. 561
Current and Resistance	p. 568
Electric Current	p. 568
A Microscopic View: Current and Drift Speed	p. 570
Current and Voltage Measurements in Circuits	p. 572
Resistance and Ohm's Law	p. 573
Resistivity	p. 575
Temperature Variation of Resistance	p. 577
Superconductors	p. 579
Electrical Energy and Power	p. 580
Electrical Activity in the Heart	p. 583
Summary	p. 586
Direct Current Circuits	p. 592
Sources of emf	p. 592
Resistors in Series	p. 593
Resistors in Parallel	p. 596
Kirchhoff's Rules and Complex DC Circuits	p. 601
RC Circuits	p. 605
Household Circuits	p. 609
Electrical Safety	p. 611
Conduction of Electrical Signals by Neurons	p. 612
Summary	p. 614
Magnetism	p. 624
Magnets	p. 624
Earth's Magnetic Field	p. 626
Magnetic Fields	p. 628
Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor	p. 631
Torque on a Current Loop and Electric Motors	p. 634
Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field	p. 637
Magnetic Field of a Long, Straight Wire and Ampere's Law	p. 640
Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Conductors	p. 643
Magnetic Fields of Current Loops and Solenoids	p. 644
Magnetic Domains	p. 648
Summary	p. 649
Induced Voltages and Inductance	p. 660
Induced emf and Magnetic Flux	p. 660
Faraday's Law of Induction	p. 663
Motional emf	p. 667
Lenz's Law Revisited (The Minus Sign in Faraday's Law)	p. 670
Generators	p. 673
Self-Inductance	p. 677
RL Circuits	p. 680
Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field	p. 682
Summary	p. 683
Alternating Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves	p. 693
Resistors in an AC Circuit	p. 693
Capacitors in an AC Circuit	p. 696
Inductors in an AC Circuit	p. 697
The RLC Series Circuit	p. 699
Power in an AC Circuit	p. 702
Resonance in a Series RLC Circuit	p. 704
The Transformer	p. 705
Maxwell's Predictions	p. 707
Hertz's Confirmation of Maxwell's Predictions	p. 708
Production of Electromagnetic Waves by an Antenna	p. 709
Properties of Electromagnetic Waves	p. 710
The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves	p. 715
The Doppler Effect for Electromagnetic Waves	p. 718
Summary	p. 718
Light and Optics
Reflection and Refraction of Light	p. 726
The Nature of Light	p. 726
Reflection and Refraction	p. 727
The Law of Refraction	p. 732
Dispersion and Prisms	p. 736
The Rainbow	p. 738
Huygens' Principle	p. 739
Total Internal Reflection	p. 742
Summary	p. 745
Mirrors and Lenses	p. 754
Flat Mirrors	p. 754
Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors	p. 757
Convex Mirrors and Sign Conventions	p. 759
Images Formed by Refraction	p. 765
Atmospheric Refraction	p. 768
Thin Lenses	p. 769
Lens and Mirror Aberrations	p. 777
Summary	p. 779
Wave Optics	p. 786
Conditions for Interference	p. 786
Young's Double-Slit Experiment	p. 787
Change of Phase Due to Reflection	p. 791
Interference in Thin Films	p. 792
Using Interference to Read CD's and DVD's	p. 796
Diffraction	p. 797
Single-Slit Diffraction	p. 798
The Diffraction Grating	p. 800
Polarization of Light Waves	p. 804
Summary	p. 811
Optical Instruments	p. 819
The Camera	p. 819
The Eye	p. 820
The Simple Magnifier	p. 825
The Compound Microscope	p. 827
The Telescope	p. 829
Resolution of Single-Slit and Circular Apertures	p. 831
The Michelson Interferometer	p. 836
Summary	p. 837
Modern Physics
Relativity	p. 843
Introduction	p. 843
The Principle of Galilean Relativity	p. 844
The Speed of Light	p. 845
The Michelson-Morley Experiment	p. 846
Einstein's Principle of Relativity	p. 849
Consequences of Special Relativity	p. 850
Relativistic Momentum	p. 858
Relativistic Addition of Velocities	p. 859
Relativistic Energy and the Equivalence of Mass and Energy	p. 860
Pair Production and Annihilation	p. 865
General Relativity	p. 865
Summary	p. 868
Quantum Physics	p. 874
Blackbody Radiation and Planck's Hypothesis	p. 874
The Photoelectric Effect and the Particle Theory of Light	p. 877
X-Rays	p. 880
Diffraction of X-Rays by Crystals	p. 883
The Compton Effect	p. 885
The Dual Nature of Light and Matter	p. 887
The Wave Function	p. 890
The Uncertainty Principle	p. 891
The Scanning Tunneling Microscope	p. 894
Summary	p. 895
Atomic Physics	p. 903
Early Models of the Atom	p. 903
Atomic Spectra	p. 904
The Bohr Theory of Hydrogen	p. 906
Modification of the Bohr Theory	p. 910
de Broglie Waves and the Hydrogen Atom	p. 912
Quantum Mechanics and the Hydrogen Atom	p. 913
The Spin Magnetic Quantum Number	p. 915
Electron Clouds	p. 916
The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table	p. 917
Characteristic X-Rays	p. 920
Atomic Transitions	p. 921
Lasers and Holography	p. 922
Energy Bands in Solids	p. 924
Semiconductor Devices	p. 928
Summary	p. 931
Nuclear Physics	p. 939
Some Properties of Nuclei	p. 940
Binding Energy	p. 943
Radioactivity	p. 945
The Decay Processes	p. 948
Natural Radioactivity	p. 955
Nuclear Reactions	p. 955
Medical Applications of Radiation	p. 959
Radiation Detectors	p. 963
Summary	p. 965
Nuclear Energy and Elementary Particles	p. 973
Nuclear Fission	p. 973
Nuclear Reactors	p. 976
Nuclear Fusion	p. 980
Elementary Particles	p. 984
The Fundamental Forces of Nature	p. 984
Positrons and Other Antiparticles	p. 985
Mesons and the Beginning of Particle Physics	p. 986
Classification of Particles	p. 988
Conservation Laws	p. 989
Strange Particles and Strangeness	p. 991
The Eightfold Way	p. 992
Quarks	p. 993
Colored Quarks	p. 996
Electroweak Theory and the Standard Model	p. 997
The Cosmic Connection	p. 999
Problems and Perspectives	p. 1001
Summary	p. 1002
Mathematical Review	p. 1
An Abbreviated Table of Isotopes	p. 9
Some Useful Tables	p. 14
Sl Units	p. 16
Answers to Quick Quizzes and Odd-numbered Conceptual Questions and Problems	p. 17
Index	p. 1
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