The Color of Liberty

"'The French are not racists like the Americans!' 'But are they French racists?' All of us, both French and American observers, have been bedeviled by some variant of this exchange I once had about the homeland of universal equality. This collection of transatlantic essays is the first systematic sounding of the praxis of race in French history. The contributions by American, Caribbean, and European-French specialists are universally fascinating and smart. "The Color of Liberty" is now the best thing on the subject in any language. We need it."--Herman Lebovics, author of "True France: The Wars over Cultural Identity, 1900-1945"

Acknowledgments

vii

Foreword

ix

Fred Constant

Introduction: Race, France, Histories

1

(10)

Sue Peabody

Tyler Stovall

Race: The Evolution of an Idea

Francois Bernier and the Origins of the Modern Concept of Race

11

(17)

Pierre H. Boulle

Eliminating Race, Eliminating Difference: Blacks, Jews, and the Abbe Gregoire

28

(14)

Alyssa Goldstein Sepinwall

Of Monstrous Metis? Hybridity, Fear of Miscegenation, and Patriotism from Buffon to Paul Broca

42

(31)

Claude Blanckaert

Representations of the Other

Race, Gender, and Virtue in Haiti's Failed Foundational Fiction: La mulatre comme il y a peu de blanches (1803)

73

(22)

John Garrigus

Inscribing Race in the Revolutionary French Antilles

95

(13)

Laurent Dubois

Sex, Gender, and Race in the Colonial Novels of Elissa Rhais and Lucienne Favre

108

(23)

Patricia M. E. Lorcin

French Images of Race on Product Trademarks during the Third Republic

131

(16)

Dana S. Hale

Sambo in Paris: Race and Racism in the Iconography of the Everyday

147

(40)

Leora Auslander

Thomas C. Holt

Colonial and Global Perspectives

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Variation and Difference in French Racism in Colonial Indochine

187

(19)

Michael G. Vann

Constructions and Functions of Race in French Military Medicine, 1830--1920

206

(31)

Richard Fogarty

Michael A. Osborne

Panafricanism and the Republican Political Sphere

237

(22)

Gary Wilder

Frantz Fanon, the Resistance, and the Emergence of Identity Politics

259

(26)

Dennis McEnnerney

Race and the Postcolonial City

Identity under Construction: Representing the Colonies at the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1889

285

(17)

Lynn E. Palermo

Who Speaks for Africa? The Rene Maran--Blaise Diagne Trial in 1920s Paris

302

(36)

Alice L. Conklin

Catholics, Communists, and Colonial Subjects: Working-Class Militancy and Racial Difference in Postwar Marseille

338

(13)

Yael Simpson Fletcher

From Red Belt to Black Belt: Race, Class, and Urban Marginality in Twentieth-Century Paris

351

(20)

Tyler Stovall

Contributors

371

(6)

Index

377

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