Colorectal Cancer

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ISBN: 9780824728359 | 0824728351
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/11/2006

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Written by world authorities on the subject, this reference comprehensively covers every aspect of colorectal cancer. Addressing the molecular mechanisms, genetics, identification, and therapy of disease, this guide covers new pharmaceutical developments, current screening protocols, and modern methods of disease management by specialists at renowned institutions such as the Royal Marsden Hospital, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center.

Preface

Contributors

xiii

1. Genetic Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer

(42)

Rebecca A. Barnetson and Malcolm G. Dunlop

Introduction

(1)

Autosomal Dominant Disorders

(13)

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

(5)

Other Defined Dominant Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes

(1)

Autosomal Recessive Disorders

(3)

Low Penetrance Variants

(6)

Conclusions

(1)

References

(12)

2. Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer

(34)

Julian Little and Linda Sharp

Introduction

(1)

Descriptive Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer

(3)

Groups at Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer

(1)

Risk Factors for Colorectal Neoplasia

(12)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(17)

3. Colorectal Cancer Screening

(26)

Robert J.C. Steele

Introduction

(1)

Principles of Screening

(2)

Colorectal Cancer as a Suitable Target for Screening

(2)

Fecal Occult Blood Screening

(3)

Flexible Sigmoidoscopy

(1)

Colonoscopy

(2)

Radiology

(1)

Comparative Studies

(1)

Harm Caused by Screening

(2)

Economics of Screening

(2)

Novel Approaches to Screening

(4)

Conclusions

(1)

References

(6)

4. Pathology

103

(22)

Christian Wittekind

Introduction

103

(1)

Definition

103

(1)

Site Distribution

104

(1)

Gross Morphology

104

(1)

Histomorphology

105

(2)

Special Clinical Types of Colorectal Cancer

107

(3)

Classification of Anatomical Extent Before Treatment

110

(3)

Classification of Anatomical Extent After Treatment

113

(1)

Histological Grading of Tumor Regression

114

(1)

Prognostic Factors

114

(1)

The Histopathological Report

114

(2)

Quality Management Within Pathology Departments

116

(1)

Pathology Findings in Resection Specimens Indicative of Oncological Quality of Surgery

116

(3)

Quality Assurance of Clinical Trials on Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy: The Surgical Pathologist's Point of View

119

(1)

Malignant Tumors Other than Carcinomas

120

(1)

References

121

(4)

5. Familial Cancer Management

125

(26)

Sabine Tejpar

Introduction

125

(2)

Main Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes

127

(12)

Peutz—Jeghers Syndrome

139

(2)

Juvenile Polyposis

141

(2)

Cowden Syndrome or PTEN Hamartoma Syndrome

143

(1)

Familial Gastric Cancer

144

(1)

Familial Pancreatic Cancer

144

(1)

Hereditary Mixed Polyposis

144

(1)

Familial Colorectal Cancer

145

(1)

Aspects of Genetic Testing for GI Cancer Susceptibility

146

(2)

References

148

(3)

6. The Surgical Principles of Managing Colorectal Cancer

151

(12)

Ian R. Daniels and Richard J. Heald

Introduction

151

(1)

The "Embryological Approach" to Rectal Cancer

152

(1)

The Multidisciplinary Approach

152

(1)

The Principles of Rectal Cancer Excision: Total Mesorectal Excision

152

(4)

Recurrence and Survival

156

(2)

Applying the Principles of Total Mesorectal Excision to Colonic Cancer

158

(1)

Conclusion

159

(1)

References

159

(4)

7. Adjuvant Therapy for Colorectal Cancer

163

(32)

Geoff Chong and David Cunningham

Introduction

163

(1)

Adjuvant Therapy for Stage III Colorectal Cancer

164

(9)

Adjuvant Therapy for Stage II Colorectal Cancer

173

(3)

Newer Agents for Adjuvant Therapy

176

(7)

Prognostic Factors and Adjuvant Therapy

183

(2)

Recommendations for Adjuvant Therapy

185

(1)

Conclusions

186

(1)

References

187

(8)

8. The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Rectal Cancer

195

(34)

Rob Glynne-Jones and Rob Hughes

Background

195

(2)

Indications for Adjuvant Radiotherapy

197

(1)

Risk Factors for Local Recurrence

198

(3)

The Evidence Base for Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Resectable Rectal Cancer

201

(2)

The Rationale for Short Course Preoperative Radiotherapy

203

(1)

Short Course Preoperative Radiotherapy vs. Surgery Alone or Postoperative Radiotherapy

204

(1)

More Recent Trials Performed with Chemoradiation

205

(3)

Fixed/Unresectable Rectal Cancer

208

(1)

Intraoperative Radiotherapy

209

(1)

Early Rectal Cancer

209

(2)

Pretreatment Clinical Assessment

211

(1)

Radiotherapy Planning Techniques

212

(2)

Acute Toxicity and Supportive Care During Radiotherapy

214

(1)

Timing of Surgery Following Preoperative Radiotherapy

215

(1)

Surgical Complications

216

(1)

Late Effects

216

(1)

Conclusion

217

(2)

References

219

(10)

9. The Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

229

(24)

Eric Van Cutsem and Leonard Saltz

Introduction

229

(1)

Cytotoxic Agents in Metastatic CRC

230

(6)

Targeted Therapies for Metastatic CRC

236

(8)

References

244

(9)

10. Hepatic Directed Therapy

253

(34)

Gregory D. Leonard and Nancy E. Kemeny

Introduction

253

(1)

Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy

254

(17)

Portal Vein Infusion Chemotherapy

271

(1)

Isolated Hepatic Perfusion Chemotherapy

272

(2)

Conclusion

274

(1)

References

275

(12)

11. Pharmacogenomics of Colorectal Cancer

287

(30)

Patrick Johnston, Wendy L. Allen, and Howard L. McLeod

Introduction

287

(1)

Loss of Heterozygosity

288

(1)

Microsatellite Instability

289

(1)

TGF β II Mutation

290

(1)

5-Fluorouracil

291

(5)

Oxaliplatin

296

(2)

Irinotecan

298

(1)

Novel Therapies

299

(2)

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

301

(1)

New Technologies

302

(4)

Conclusions

306

(1)

References

306

(11)

12. Drug Development for Advanced Colorectal Cancer in the United States

317

(20)

Igor Puzanov and Mace L. Rothenberg

Introduction

317

(1)

Development of 5-FU and 5-FU/LV as First-Line Chemotherapy

318

(1)

Development of Capecitabine as an Oral Alternative to 5-FU

319

(1)

Development of Irinotecan as Second-Line Therapy

320

(1)

Integration of Irinotecan into Front-Line Chemotherapy

321

(1)

Oxaliplatin: Initial Data on Front-Line Therapy

322

(1)

Oxaliplatin: Demonstration of Second-Line Efficacy

323

(1)

N9741: Comparison of First-Line Combination Regimens

324

(1)

Bevacizumab

325

(2)

Cetuximab

327

(1)

Regulatory Considerations of the U.S. FDA in the Approval of New Drugs for Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer

328

(1)

Endpoints for New Drug Approval for Colorectal Cancer in the United States

329

(2)

How Will New Drugs be Developed for Colorectal Cancer in the Future?

331

(2)

References

333

(4)

Index

337

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Colorectal Cancer

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials