Commercial Law and Practice in the South Pacific

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9781859418406 | 1859418406
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 12/20/2005

Rent

(Recommended)

$95.41

Term

Due

Price

Semester

Dec 12

$100.43

Quarter

Aug 13

$95.41

Short Term

Jul 11

$90.38

*This item is part of an exclusive publisher rental program and requires an additional convenience fee. This fee will be reflected in the shopping cart.
Buy New

Usually Ships in 3-5 Business Days

$128.57
eBook

Available Instantly

Online: 180 Days

Downloadable: 180 Days

$79.20

Commerce has become an area of central importance to the South Pacific region. Although the countries are small it is widely acknowledged that their need to promote and develop commercial enterprise is crucial for their future sustainability. This new textbook is the first to examine the main areas of commercial law in the common law jurisdictions of the South Pacific region. These jurisdictions include the Cook Islands, Fiji Islands, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Niue, Nauru, (Western) Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. The text is divided into six parts each with its own introduction to aid the reader through each particular area. Utilising both a structural and transactional approach it examines: the establishment and termination of commercial organizations the internal and external relations within and between organisations the legal principles applicable to various kinds of commercial dealings eg. insurance, sale of goods, bills of exchange aspects of foreign trade and international commerce relevant to the region. Knowledge of the legal principles that regulate commercial activity within the South Pacific Region is essential for the communities themselves and for those from outside interested in doing business in the area. Students studying commercial law in the region will find this textbook essential reading as will those involved, or seeking to become involved, in commercial activity there.

Table of Cases

Table of Legislation

xxxv

Abbreviations

lix

PART A: THE LEGAL STRUCTURES OF COMMERCE

(176)

INTRODUCTION

(1)

THE STRUCTURE OF COMMERCE OR BUSINESS

(5)

COMBINATIONS OF STRUCTURES

(2)

CHAPTER 1: PARTNERSHIP

(26)

1 INTRODUCTION

(8)

1.1 Legal partnerships

(1)

1.2 Partnerships and other commercial associations and entities

(1)

1.3 Limited liability partnerships

(1)

1.4 International partnerships or limited partnerships

(2)

1.5 Partnership law in the South Pacific

(1)

2 THE INSTITUTIONAL AND THE CONTRACT THEORIES OF PARTNERSHIP

(9)

2.1 Statutory definition of partnership

(1)

2.2 Elements of the legal definition

(1)

2.3 Definitional elements

(1)

2.4 Carrying on business

(2)

2.5 In common

(1)

2.6 Partnership and joint venture

(1)

2.7 With a view to profit

(2)

3 STATUTORY RULES FOR INFERRING A PARTNERSHIP

(2)

3.1 Sham transactions

(1)

3.2 Commencement of partnership

(1)

4 PARTNERSHIP AND AGENCY

(7)

4.1 The description affixed by the parties

(4)

CHAPTER 2: THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT AND PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS

(24)

1 INTRODUCTION

(9)

1.1 Terms of the partnership

(1)

1.2 The terms of the partnership

(3)

1.3 Adding to the terms of the partnership

(3)

1.4 Construction of the partnership agreement

(1)

2 EXCLUSION CLAUSES

(15)

2.1 Restraint of trade terms

(2)

2.2 Breach of terms

(1)

2.3 Shares in a partnership

(3)

2.4 Assignment

(5)

2.5 Charge on partnership interest

(2)

2.6 Capital and assets

(2)

CHAPTER 3: TRUSTS

(18)

1 INTRODUCTION

(11)

1.1 Defining a trust

(2)

1.2 Standard definitions of a trust

(2)

1.3 The four elements of a trust

(1)

1.4 The trustee

(3)

1.5 The beneficiary or special purpose of the trust

(3)

1.6 The trust property

(1)

1.7 The trust obligation

(1)

2 CLASSIFICATION OF TRUSTS

(5)

2.1 Express trusts

(1)

2.2 Implied trusts

(1)

2.3 Resulting trusts

(1)

2.4 Constructive trusts

(1)

2.5 Discretionary trusts

(1)

2.6 Bare trusts

(1)

2.7 Unit trusts

(1)

2.8 Statutory trusts

(1)

2.9 Charitable trusts

(1)

3 TRUSTS AND OTHER INTERESTS

(2)

3.1 Trust and agency

(1)

3.2 Trust and partnership

(1)

3.3 Trusts and corporate forms

(1)

3.4 Trust and contract

(1)

3.5 Trust and debt

(1)

CHAPTER 4: EXPRESS TRUSTS

(34)

1 INTRODUCTION

(10)

1.1 The creation of express trusts

(3)

1.2 Vesting property in the trustee

(2)

1.3 Voluntary assignments

(2)

1.4 Assignments for valuable consideration

(1)

1.5 Assignments of future property

(2)

2 FORMAL REQUIREMENTS AS TO CREATION

(6)

2.1 Certainty of subject matter

(1)

2.2 Certainty of objects

(3)

2.3 Other issues affecting validity

(2)

3 INTERPRETATION OF TRUST INSTRUMENTS

(6)

3.1 The construction of legal arrangements generally

(2)

3.2 The parol evidence rule

(1)

3.3 Exceptions to the parol evidence rule

(1)

3.4 Rectification

(1)

3.5 Bilateral creations

(1)

4 UNIT TRUSTS

(12)

4.1 The different approaches to regulation

102

(2)

4.2 Regulation in the Fiji Islands and New Zealand

104

(1)

4.3 Public offering of securities

105

(1)

4.4 Management structures

105

(2)

4.5 The Vanuatu legislation

107

(4)

CHAPTER 5: COMPANIES

111

(24)

1 INTRODUCTION

111

(3)

1.1 Types of company

111

(1)

1.2 What is a company?

111

(3)

2 COMPANIES AS STATUTORY CREATIONS

114

(1)

2.1 The company constitution: basic principles

115

(1)

2.2 Management of a company: basic principles

115

(1)

3 TYPES OF COMPANY

115

(1)

4 COMPANIES LIMITED BY SHARES

116

(4)

4.1 Membership

116

(2)

4.2 Directorship

118

(1)

4.3 Stock Exchange listing

118

(1)

4.4 Sale of shares

119

(1)

4.5 Starting business

119

(1)

4.6 Meetings and proxies

119

(1)

4.7 Guarantee companies

119

(1)

4.8 Unlimited companies

120

(1)

5 HOLDING AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

120

(5)

5.1 Accounting definition

121

(1)

5.2 Incorporation

122

(1)

5.3 Exceptions to the separate entity doctrine

123

(1)

5.4 The consequences of incorporation

124

(1)

5.5 Limited liability

125

(1)

6 STEPS IN REGISTRATION

125

(7)

6.1 Memorandum and articles of association

126

(1)

6.2 Contents of a memorandum

126

(2)

6.3 Objects of a company and the ultra vires doctrine

128

(1)

6.4 Ultra vires

129

(1)

6.5 Alteration of objects

130

(1)

6.6 Articles of association

131

(1)

6.7 Articles and the statute

131

(1)

6.8 Binding effects

131

(1)

7 PROCEDURE FOR ALTERING THE ARTICLES

132

(3)

7.1 The bona fides test

132

(1)

7.2 Promoters

133

(1)

7.3 Change in status of a company

134

(1)

CHAPTER 6: CAPITALISATION OF COMPANIES

135

(28)

1 INTRODUCTION

135

(10)

1.1 Types of company capital

135

(1)

1.2 Reduction of authorised share capital

136

(1)

1.3 Maintenance of capital

137

(2)

1.4 Allotment of the share capital

139

(2)

1.5 Return of allotment

141

(1)

1.6 Effect of irregular allotment

142

(1)

1.7 Prospectuses

142

(3)

2 SHARES

145

(3)

2.1 Nature of share

145

(1)

2.2 Types of shares

145

(1)

2.3 Redeemable shares

146

(1)

2.4 Rights of pre-emption

146

(1)

2.5 Variation of class rights

146

(1)

2.6 Transfer of shares

147

(1)

2.7 Certification

148

(1)

3 SHAREHOLDERS

148

(3)

3.1 Becoming a member

148

(2)

3.2 Classes of membership

150

(1)

3.3 Termination of membership

151

(1)

3.4 Register of members

151

(1)

3.5 Nominee shareholdings

151

(1)

4 DIVIDENDS

151

(3)

5 DEBENTURES

154

(4)

5.1 Debenture trust deed

155

(1)

5.2 Types of debentures or charges

155

(1)

5.3 Fixed charges

156

(1)

5.4 Floating charges

156

(1)

5.5 Crystallisation

157

(1)

6 RULES OF PRIORITY

158

(5)

6.1 Rules of priority

159

(1)

6.2 Rights of debenture holders

160

(1)

6.3 Registration

161

(2)

CHAPTER 7: COOPERATIVES, CREDIT UNIONS AND INCORPORATED SOCIETIES

163

(14)

1 INTRODUCTION

163

(8)

1.1 Cooperatives

163

(1)

1.2 Cooperatives legislation

164

(1)

1.3 Types of cooperative society

164

(1)

1.4 Incorporation of cooperatives

165

(2)

1.5 Membership of cooperative societies

167

(2)

1.6 Financing issues

169

(1)

1.7 Management of cooperatives

170

(1)

2 CREDIT UNIONS

171

(2)

3 INCORPORATED SOCIETIES

173

(4)

PART B: CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIAL ENTITIES

177

(86)

INTRODUCTION

177

(2)

CHAPTER 8: RELATIONS BETWEEN PARTNERS

179

(30)

1 INTRODUCTION

179

(18)

1.1 Partners as agents

179

(2)

1.2 The liabilities of partners

181

(2)

1.3 The general rights and duties of partners

183

(2)

1.4 Duty to account and to provide information

185

(1)

1.5 Fiduciary obligations of partners

185

(1)

1.6 Partnerships and similar relationships

186

(1)

1.7 Partnerships as fiduciary relationships

187

(4)

1.8 Remedies for breach of fiduciary obligation

191

(1)

1.9 Exclusion of the fiduciary obligation

192

(5)

2 CRIMINAL LIABILITY

197

(12)

2.1 Partnership property

197

(8)

2.2 Presumption of equal entitlement

205

(1)

2.3 Profits of a partnership

206

(1)

2.4 Goodwill

206

(3)

CHAPTER 9: THE TRUSTEE

209

(34)

1 INTRODUCTION

209

(6)

1.1 The trustee's duties

210

(1)

1.2 The duty to be familiar with the terms of the trust

211

(1)

1.3 The duty to adhere to the terms of the trust

211

(2)

1.4 The duty to get in the trust property

213

(1)

1.5 The duty to preserve trust property

213

(1)

1.6 The duty to invest trust funds

214

(1)

1.7 The duty to keep and render accounts

214

(1)

1.8 The duty to be loyal

214

(1)

1.9 The duty not to delegate

214

(1)

1.10 The duty to distribute

215

(1)

2 THE TRUSTEE'S RIGHTS

215

(4)

2.1 The right to commission

215

(1)

2.2 The right of reimbursement for expenses and liabilities

216

(1)

2.3 The right of contribution from co-trustees

217

(1)

2.4 The right to impound a beneficiary's interest

218

(1)

2.5 The right to approach the court

219

(1)

2.6 The right to a discharge

219

(1)

3 LIABILITIES OF TRUSTEES

219

(17)

3.1 Personal liability of the trustee in respect of breaches of trust

220

(2)

3.2 The trustee's liability in tort

222

(4)

3.3 Relief of a trustee from liability

226

(2)

3.4 The trustee's external liabilities

228

(1)

3.5 Indemnity of trustee

229

(3)

3.6 The right of indemnity as against the trust property

232

(2)

3.7 The doctrine of subrogation

234

(2)

4 THE POWERS OF THE TRUSTEE

236

(7)

4.1 Power to carry on a business

236

(1)

4.2 Power to repair and insure trust property

237

(1)

4.3 Power to lease trust property

237

(1)

4.4 Power of sale

238

(1)

4.5 The power to invest

239

(2)

4.6 The power to borrow moneys

241

(1)

4.7 Miscellaneous other powers

241

(2)

CHAPTER 10: MANAGEMENT OF COMPANIES

243

(20)

1 INTRODUCTION

243

(3)

1.1 Types of meeting

244

(1)

1.2 Annual general meeting

245

(1)

1.3 Extraordinary general meeting

246

(1)

2 BOARD MEETINGS

246

(19)

2.1 The powers of management: division of powers

246

(3)

2.2 Directors

249

(1)

2.3 Who is a director?

250

(2)

2.4 Duties of directors

252

(1)

2.5 Directors as fiduciaries

253

(10)

PART C: COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS

263

(42)

INTRODUCTION

263

(2)

CHAPTER 11: SALE OF GOODS

265

(16)

1 INTRODUCTION

265

(2)

1.1 Concepts in sale of goods transactions

265

(1)

1.2 Definition of goods

266

(1)

1.3 Specific goods

266

(1)

1.4 Future goods

266

(1)

1.5 Unascertained goods

266

(1)

2 PROPERTY IN GOODS

267

(1)

3 FORMATION OF SALE OF GOODS CONTRACT

268

(2)

3.1 Sale and agreement to sell

269

(1)

3.2 Price

269

(1)

3.3 Parties

270

(1)

3.4 Distinction between contract for services, skill, labour and materials and sale of goods

270

(1)

4 TRANSFER OF PROPERTY

270

(3)

4.1 Mechanisms for transfer of property

271

(1)

4.2 Property transfer rules

271

(1)

4.3 What is appropriation?

272

(1)

4.4 Romalpa clause and transfer of property

272

(1)

4.5 Passing of risk

273

(1)

5 TRANSFER OF TITLE

273

(2)

5.1 General rule for transfer of title

273

(1)

5.2 Exceptions

274

(1)

6 IMPLIED TERMS

275

(1)

6.1 Nature of terms

275

(1)

7 PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACT

276

(1)

7.1 Delivery of goods

276

(1)

8 REMEDIES

277

(4)

8.1 Seller's remedies

278

(1)

8.2 Buyer's remedies

278

(3)

CHAPTER 12: BILLS OF SALE, FINANCE LEASES AND HIRE PURCHASE

281

(14)

1 INTRODUCTION

281

(3)

1.1 Bills of sale

281

(1)

1.2 Definition

281

(3)

2 FINANCIAL LEASING

284

(5)

2.1 Operation of a lease

285

(1)

2.2 Types of lease

286

(1)

2.3 Amortisation plan

287

(1)

2.4 Uses of leases

287

(1)

2.5 Registration

287

(2)

3 HIRE PURCHASE

289

(3)

3.1 Basic features

291

(1)

4 CONDITIONAL SALES

292

(3)

4.1 Distinction between hire purchase and conditional sale

293

(2)

CHAPTER 13: INSURANCE CONTRACTS

295

(10)

1 INTRODUCTION

295

(7)

1.1 Definition of an insurance contract

295

(2)

1.2 Who can be an insurer?

297

(1)

1.3 Indemnity

298

(1)

1.4 An insurable interest

299

(1)

1.5 Utmost good faith

300

(1)

1.6 Subrogation

301

(1)

2 CLAIMS

302

(5)

2.1 Assignment

303

(2)

PART D: BANKING

305

(66)

INTRODUCTION

305

(2)

CHAPTER 14: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BANKING

307

(18)

1 INTRODUCTION

307

(1)

1.1 Definition of 'bank' and 'banking business'

307

(1)

2 BANKING LIMITATIONS

308

(1)

3 CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

309

(1)

4 ISSUANCE OF BANKING LICENCE

310

(3)

5 MAXIMUM SHAREHOLDING OR EQUITY OWNERSHIP

313

(2)

6 PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS

315

(2)

6.1 Reorganisation

316

(1)

7 RELAXATION OF BANKING RULES

317

(8)

7.1 The legal relationship between a customer and banker

318

(1)

7.2 Who is a customer?

318

(1)

7.3 Who is a banker?

319

(1)

7.4 Operating accounts

319

(1)

7.5 Delegated authority

319

(1)

7.6 Power of attorney

320

(1)

7.7 Nomination of accounts

321

(1)

7.8 Nature of relationship between a customer and banker

321

(1)

7.9 Rules of banking confidentiality

322

(3)

CHAPTER 15: BANKING REGULATION AND PRUDENTIAL SUPERVISION

325

(18)

1 INTRODUCTION

325

(7)

1.1 Audit and direct control of banks

327

(2)

1.2 Investigation of banks

329

(1)

1.3 Effect of assumption of control

330

(2)

2 TERMINATION OF CONTROLLERSHIP

332

(2)

2.1 Moratorium

332

(1)

2.2 Limitations of the controller to deal with native lands

333

(1)

2.3 The difference between audit and controllership

333

(1)

3 THE RESERVE OR CENTRAL BANK

334

(9)

3.1 Establishment

335

(1)

3.2 Responsibility

335

(2)

3.3 Administrative and commercial roles

337

(1)

3.4 Administrative responsibilities

338

(1)

3.5 Equity ownership

339

(1)

3.6 Management

339

(1)

3.7 Conflict of interest and secrecy

340

(3)

CHAPTER 16: BILLS OF EXCHANGE, CHEQUES AND PROMISSORY NOTES

343

(22)

1 INTRODUCTION

343

(6)

1.1 The operative laws

344

(1)

1.2 Concept of negotiability

344

(1)

1.3 Definition of a bill of exchange

345

(1)

1.4 Requirements for validity of a bill of exchange

345

(2)

1.5 Parties to a bill of exchange

347

(2)

2 CAPACITY OF PARTIES TO A BILL OF EXCHANGE

349

(5)

2.1 Types of bills of exchange

350

(1)

2.2 Liability of parties to a bill of exchange

350

(1)

2.3 Holders

350

(2)

2.4 Rights of the holder of a bill of exchange

352

(1)

2.5 Where presentment of a bill of exchange is necessary

352

(1)

2.6 Rules as to presentment for acceptance of bills of exchange

353

(1)

2.7 Dishonour through non-acceptance

353

(1)

3 DUTIES AS TO QUALIFIED ACCEPTANCES

354

(1)

3.1 Presentment for payment

354

(1)

3.2 Excuses for delay or non-presentment for payment

354

(1)

3.3 Dishonour by non-payment

355

(1)

3.4 Notice of dishonour

355

(1)

4 MEASURE OF DAMAGES

355

(1)

4.1 Extinction or discharge of bills

355

(1)

5 CHEQUES

356

(7)

5.1 Bank's duties as to payment of cheques

358

(1)

5.2 Presentment for payment

359

(1)

5.3 Types of crossing

360

(1)

5.4 Bank's duties in relation to the collection of cheques

360

(2)

5.5 Duties of a bank where cheques are crossed

362

(1)

5.6 Protection to bank and drawer where cheque is crossed

362

(1)

5.7 Effect of crossing on holder

362

(1)

5.8 Protection of banks collecting payment of cheques

362

(1)

6 PROMISSORY NOTES

363

(2)

6.1 Definition

363

(1)

6.2 Presentment of note for payment

364

(1)

6.3 Liability of the maker

364

(1)

6.4 Delivery

364

(1)

6.5 Note payable on demand

364

(1)

CHAPTER 17: DOCUMENTARY OR COMMERCIAL CREDIT

365

(6)

1 INTRODUCTION

365

(4)

1.1 Definition

365

(1)

1.2 Operation of the credit

365

(2)

1.3 Types of credit

367

(1)

1.4 Revocable credit

367

(1)

1.5 Irrevocable credit

367

(1)

1.6 Transferability and negotiability of credit

367

(1)

1.7 Liability of issuing or correspondent bank

368

(1)

2 WHAT IS THE NATURE OF A BANK'S UNDERTAKING UNDER A CREDIT?

369

(1)

3 DOCUMENTS IN SUPPORT OF CREDIT

369

(4)

3.1 Practical issues regarding documentary credits

369

(2)

PART E: FOREIGN TRADE

371

(54)

INTRODUCTION

371

(2)

CHAPTER 18: THE WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION

373

(12)

1 INTRODUCTION

373

(4)

1.1 The WTO

373

(1)

1.2 Most favoured nation principle

374

(1)

1.3 National treatment principle

374

(1)

1.4 Quantitative and non-quantitative restrictions

375

(1)

1.5 Examples of quantitative restrictions

375

(1)

1.6 Exceptions

376

(1)

1.7 Customs union

376

(1)

1.8 Free trade area

377

(1)

2 LESS DEVELOPED MEMBERS

377

(1)

2.1 Waiver

377

(1)

2.2 Trade disruptions

378

(1)

3 DUMPING OF GOODS AND ANTI-DUMPING LEVIES

378

(7)

3.1 Processes of dispute resolution

380

(1)

3.2 Dispute Settlement Board

381

(4)

CHAPTER 19: TRIPS

385

(8)

1 INTRODUCTION

385

(2)

1.1 Nature of intellectual property rights

385

(1)

1.2 Patent

385

(1)

1.3 Copyright

386

(1)

1.4 Length of protection

387

(1)

2 TRADE MARK

387

(6)

2.1 Application of national and most favoured nation principles

388

(1)

2.2 Enforcement of intellectual property rights

388

(1)

2.3 Impediments to TRIPS implementation by states

389

(4)

CHAPTER 20: THE MELANESIAN SPEARHEAD GROUP

393

(4)

1 INTRODUCTION

393

(4)

1.1 Historical background

393

(1)

1.2 The structure of the agreement

393

(1)

1.3 Derogation principle

394

(3)

CHAPTER 21: THE PACIFIC AGREEMENT ON CLOSER ECONOMIC COOPERATION

397

(8)

1 INTRODUCTION

397

(8)

1.1 Structure of the agreement

397

(1)

1.2 Economic integration

398

(7)

CHAPTER 22: PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES TRADE AGREEMENT

405

(6)

1 INTRODUCTION

405

(3)

1.1 Free trade area

405

(1)

1.2 Trade distortion measures

405

(1)

1.3 Emergency action

405

(1)

1.4 Safeguard measures

406

(1)

1.5 Dumped or subsidised goods

406

(1)

1.6 Balance of payments

407

(1)

1.7 Protection of developing industries

407

(1)

2 GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT

408

(3)

2.1 General exceptions

408

(2)

2.2 Other provisions

410

(1)

CHAPTER 23: THE COTONOU AGREEMENT

411

(8)

1 INTRODUCTION

411

(1)

1.1 Main objectives of the agreement

411

(1)

1.2 Membership

411

(1)

1.3 Comprehensive approach

411

(1)

1.4 Pillars of partnership

412

(1)

1.5 Thematic and cross-cutting issues

412

(1)

2 NEW TRADE ARRANGEMENTS

412

(2)

2.1 Reform of financial cooperation

412

(1)

2.2 Financial resources

413

(1)

2.3 Institutional provisions

414

(1)

2.4 Humanitarian aid and emergency aid

414

(1)

3 VIOLATION OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT

414

(5)

3.1 The defunct Lome Convention

414

(1)

3.2 Aims of the defunct Lome Convention

415

(1)

3.3 Non-reciprocity principle

415

(1)

3.4 Trading arrangements

416

(1)

3.5 STABEX

417

(1)

3.6 Sysmin

417

(2)

CHAPTER 24: THE SOUTH PACIFIC REGIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION AGREEMENT

419

(6)

1 INTRODUCTION

419

(8)

1.1 Fundamentals

419

(1)

1.2 Free access

419

(1)

1.3 Conditions for access

420

(1)

1.4 Refusal of free access

421

(1)

1.5 Non-reciprocity principle

422

(3)

PART F: TERMINATION AND WINDING UP

425

(52)

INTRODUCTION

425

(2)

CHAPTER 25: BANKRUPTCY

427

(8)

1 INTRODUCTION

427

(8)

1.1 Definition of a bankrupt

428

(1)

1.2 Effect of a receiving order

429

(1)

1.3 Public examination of the debtor

430

(1)

1.4 Arrangement to pay creditors

430

(1)

1.5 Priority of payment of creditors

430

(1)

1.6 Discovery of debtor's property

431

(1)

1.7 Discharge of bankrupt

431

(1)

1.8 Release from burdensome obligations

432

(3)

CHAPTER 26: PARTNERSHIP DISSOLUTION AND EXPULSION

435

(18)

1 INTRODUCTION

435

(7)

1.1 Grounds for dissolution

437

(2)

1.2 Termination by notice

439

(1)

1.3 Unsoundness of mind

440

(1)

1.4 Incapacity

440

(1)

1.5 Bankruptcy, death and charge

440

(1)

1.6 Illegality

441

(1)

1.7 Misconduct

441

(1)

1.8 The just and equitable ground

442

(1)

2 DISSOLUTION BY AGREEMENT

442

(1)

3 DISSOLUTION WITHOUT EXPRESS AGREEMENT

443

(10)

3.1 Consequences of dissolution

445

(1)

3.2 Entitlement to account on dissolution

445

(4)

3.3 Expulsion

449

(4)

CHAPTER 27: TERMINATION AND VARIATION OF TRUSTS

453

(10)

1 INTRODUCTION

453

(10)

1.1 Variation of trusts

453

(3)

1.2 Termination of a trust

456

(1)

1.3 Distribution

457

(2)

1.4 Removal of trustees

459

(1)

1.5 New and additional trustees

460

(1)

1.6 Retirement of a trustee

460

(3)

CHAPTER 28: WINDING UP OF CORPORATE ENTITIES

463

(14)

1 INTRODUCTION

463

(2)

1.1 What is winding up?

463

(2)

2 THE ROLE OF THE LIQUIDATOR

465

(6)

2.1 Types of winding up

466

(1)

2.2 Winding up by the court

467

(2)

2.3 The discretion of the court

469

(1)

2.4 Voluntary winding up

470

(1)

2.5 Members' winding up

470

(1)

3 CREDITORS' WINDING UP

471

(6)

3.1 Matters affecting liquidation

471

(1)

3.2 Proof of debts

472

(1)

3.3 Disallowing cumbersome transactions

472

(1)

3.4 Floating charges

473

(1)

3.5 Priority of claims

474

(1)

3.6 Fraudulent preference

474

(1)

3.7 Preferential debts

475

(1)

3.8 Fraudulent transactions

475

(2)

Index

477

Please wait while the item is added to your bag...

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Commercial Law and Practice in the South Pacific

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Commercial Law and Practice in the South Pacific

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Digital License