Compact Antennas for Wireless Communications and Terminals Theory and Design

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ISBN: 9781848213074 | 1848213077
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 8/15/2011

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This book deals with compact microwave antennas and more specifically with the planar version of these antennas, which are the most relevant type of antennas in modern communication systems. It also covers all applications requiring miniaturization, integration, and conformation, such as mobile phone handsets. The book is dedicated to students, engineers, and scientists eager to understand the principles of planar and small antennas, design and fabrication issues, and modern aspects such as UWB antennas, reconfigurable antennas, and diversity issues.

Introduction	p. xi
General Information About Printed Antennas	p. 1
Physical characteristics	p. 1
Properties, limitations, and applications	p. 4
Printed rectangular antenna viewed as a wide microstrip line	p. 7
Manufacturing processes	p. 8
Microwave substrates	p. 11
Transmission Line Model	p. 15
Introduction	p. 15
Equivalent circuit	p. 16
Effective permittivity	p. 16
Equivalent line extension	p. 16
End of line equivalent circuit	p. 17
Process for design of a rectangular antenna	p. 19
Example	p. 20
Input impedance	p. 20
Cavity Model	p. 25
Introduction	p. 25
Formulation of the electromagnetic problem	p. 25
Calculation of expressions for fields and currents of a rectangular patch	p. 29
Expressions for principal modes	p. 31
Cartography of modal currents and associated radiation patterns	p. 33
Radiation of a Printed Antenna	p. 39
Introduction	p. 39
Modelization using two equivalent radiating slots	p. 40
Calculation of the field radiated by a horizontal radiating slot	p. 43
Calculation of the field radiated by the rectangular patch	p. 44
Determination of the radiation pattern in the principal planes	p. 44
Influence of height	p. 46
Influence of the ground plane	p. 47
Polarization	p. 48
Directivity	p. 49
Influence of the substrate on resonant frequency: parametric study based on antenna RCS	p. 51
Electrical Equivalent Circuit of a Printed Antenna	p. 55
Energy considerations	p. 55
Equivalent circuit	p. 57
Determination ofWE,WMj and B for a rectangular patch	p. 58
Modeling using a tank circuit	p. 60
Quality factor of an antenna	p. 62
Calculation of radiation quality factor	p. 63
Calculation of efficiency	p. 64
Losses in conductive walls	p. 64
Losses in the dielectric	p. 65
Radiated power	p. 66
Influence of surface waves on bandwidth and efficiency	p. 67
Feeding Circuits for Microstrip Antennas	p. 69
Introduction	p. 69
Direct coupling by coaxial probe	p. 71
Excitation by proximity coupling	p. 73
Excitation by slot coupling	p. 74
Circularly Polarized Antennas	p. 89
Principles of circular polarization	p. 90
Elliptical and circular linear polarization	p. 90
Right-or left-hand circular polarization	p. 91
Axial and cross-polarization ratios	p. 92
Measurementofcircularpolarization	p. 93
Parasitic radiation-degradation of circular polarization	p. 94
Patch fed by single or dual excitation	p. 96
Single excitation	p. 96
Dual excitation	p. 98
Sequential array	p. 99
Principle of sequential rotation: initial analysis	p. 99
Sequential rotation applied to a radiating element fed by multiple feeds	p. 106
Spiral and quadrifilar helix antennas	p. 108
Spiral antennas	p. 108
Quadrifilar helix antennas	p. 113
Conclusion	p. 119
Wideband Antennas	p. 121
Multiresonant antennas	p. 122
Principle	p. 122
Widening bandwidth through resonance coupling	p. 122
Traveling wave antennas	p. 125
Tapered slotantennas	p. 125
Frequency independent antennas	p. 126
Introduction	p. 126
Equiangular antennas	p. 127
Log-periodic antennas	p. 128
Sinuous antennas	p. 129
Ultra-wideband antennas	p. 132
Biconical and Bow-Tie antennas	p. 134
Planar monopoles	p. 137
Conclusion	p. 140
Miniature Antennas	p. 143
Introduction	p. 143
Which types of antennas should be used for integration?	p. 144
Non-resonant antennas	p. 144
Resonant antennas	p. 145
Integration limits in a finite volume	p. 145
Resonant antennas in fundamental mode	p. 146
General considerations	p. 146
Wire antennas	p. 148
Planar antennas	p. 150
Comparison	p. 152
3D antennas	p. 152
Bulk reduction techniques	p. 152
Use of dielectrics with strong permittivity	p. 153
Modification of wave path	p. 153
Utilization of inductive, capacitive, and short-circuit effects	p. 156
Control over radiation	p. 160
Multiresonant antennas	p. 164
Synthesis and discussion	p. 166
Reconfigurable Antennas	p. 169
Introduction	p. 169
Basic topologies and constraints	p. 170
Switched components: available technologies	p. 174
Frequency reconfigurable antennas (FRAs)	p. 180
Introduction	p. 180
Examples of radiating slot-based FRA.	p. 181
Examples of patch- or PIFA-based FRA integrating switchable slots	p. 184
Examples of FRA using switched short circuits	p. 184
FRA utilizing a loaded stub	p. 185
Introduction to RAs in terms of polarization and radiation pattern	p. 185
Polarized reconfigurable antennas (PRAs)	p. 187
Radiation pattern reconfigurable antennas (RPRAs)	p. 190
RPRA with rotational symmetry and switched parasitics	p. 192
RPRA with parasitic elements loaded using switched reactance	p. 193
Unit cell of reflective array based on a patch of slots [CAD 05]	p. 202
Introduction to Antenna Diversity	p. 205
Benefits of antenna diversity	p. 205
Effects of multipath propagation	p. 206
Principles of antenna diversity	p. 207
Non-ideal antenna diversity	p. 211
Performance of multiantenna systems	p. 214
Antenna balance	p. 214
Antenna independence	p. 216
Multiantenna systems	p. 222
Space diversity	p. 222
Compact multiantenna system	p. 224
Conclusion and looking toward MIMO	p. 228
Bibliography	p. 233
List of Authors	p. 241
Index	p. 243
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Compact Antennas for Wireless Communications and Terminals Theory and Design

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Compact Antennas for Wireless Communications and Terminals Theory and Design

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