A Companion to the Study of History

This book guides students through all the central historical concepts, theories, methods and problems confronting those engaged in the serious study of history.

Michael Stanford was until 1983 Senior Lecturer in History at the University of the West of England and holds degrees in philosophy and history. He now co-edits the philosophy journal Cogito, and writes articles and reviews on both history and philosophy.

Introduction	p. 1
Historiography	p. 5
Gender and History	p. 7
Use of this Book	p. 8
History as Unity	p. 10
Introduction	p. 10
Experience--or the Concern of History	p. 11
Time and Change--or the Essence of History	p. 15
Cumulation--or the Sum of History	p. 17
Process--or the March of History	p. 18
Conclusion	p. 21
Suggested Reading	p. 21
History as Action	p. 22
Introduction	p. 22
The Analysis of Action	p. 23
Contexts and Consequences of Action	p. 27
Uses and Abuses of History	p. 36
Conclusion	p. 47
Suggested Reading	p. 48
History as Outlook	p. 49
Introduction	p. 49
Personal Attitudes to History	p. 50
Public Attitudes to History	p. 53
History and the Social Sciences	p. 63
Conclusion	p. 78
Suggested Reading	p. 78
History as Discourse	p. 79
Introduction	p. 79
Communication	p. 80
Narrative	p. 87
Non-narrative History	p. 102
Other Relevant Topics	p. 106
Conclusion	p. 107
Suggested Reading	p. 108
History as Knowledge	p. 109
Introduction	p. 109
What is Historical Knowledge?	p. 110
Construction or Reconstruction?	p. 119
Fact, Truth and Objectivity	p. 122
Another Relevant Topic: Imagination	p. 130
Conclusion	p. 131
Suggested Reading	p. 132
History as Relic	p. 133
Introduction	p. 133
The Concept of Evidence	p. 134
The Nature of Historical Evidence	p. 141
The Use of Evidence	p. 147
The Origins of Evidence	p. 160
Another Relevant Topic: Oral History	p. 163
Conclusion	p. 165
Suggested Reading	p. 166
History as Event	p. 167
Introduction	p. 167
What Is an Event?	p. 169
The Forms and Structures of History	p. 175
Time	p. 182
Conclusion	p. 191
Suggested Reading	p. 192
History as Sequence	p. 193
Introduction	p. 193
Causation in History	p. 194
The Dynamics of History	p. 204
Explanation	p. 210
Some other relevant topics	p. 226
Conclusion	p. 227
Suggested Reading	p. 227
History as Theory	p. 229
Introduction	p. 229
Speculative Philosophy of History	p. 230
Patterns in History	p. 241
Conclusion	p. 247
Suggested Reading	p. 248
History Transcended: Metaphysics, Marx, Myth and Meaning	p. 249
Introduction	p. 249
Metaphysics: Historicism, Positivism and Idealism	p. 250
Marx	p. 264
Myth and Truth	p. 275
Meaning	p. 280
Some Other Relevant Topics	p. 285
Conclusion	p. 286
Suggested Reading	p. 286
Bibliography	p. 287
Index	p. 300
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A Companion to the Study of History

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials