Complexity Challenges in Cyber Physical Systems Using Modeling and Simulation (M&S) to Support Intelligence, Adaptation and Autonomy

Offers a one-stop reference on the application of advanced modeling and simulation (M&S) in cyber physical systems (CPS) engineering

This book provides the state-of-the-art in methods and technologies that aim to elaborate on the modeling and simulation support to cyber physical systems (CPS) engineering across many sectors such as healthcare, smart grid, or smart home. It presents a compilation of simulation-based methods, technologies, and approaches that encourage the reader to incorporate simulation technologies in their CPS engineering endeavors, supporting management of complexity challenges in such endeavors.

Complexity Challenges in Cyber Physical Systems: Using Modeling and Simulation (M&S) to Support Intelligence, Adaptation and Autonomy is laid out in four sections. The first section provides an overview of complexities associated with the application of M&S to CPS Engineering. It discusses M&S in the context of autonomous systems involvement within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The second section provides a more detailed description of the challenges in applying modeling to the operation, risk and design of holistic CPS. The third section delves in details of simulation support to CPS engineering followed by the engineering practices to incorporate the cyber element to build resilient CPS sociotechnical systems. Finally, the fourth section presents a research agenda for handling complexity in application of M&S for CPS engineering. In addition, this text:

• Introduces a unifying framework for hierarchical co-simulations of cyber physical systems (CPS)
• Provides understanding of the cycle of macro-level behavior dynamically arising from spaciotemporal interactions between parts at the micro-level
• Describes a simulation platform for characterizing resilience of CPS

Complexity Challenges in Cyber Physical Systems has been written for researchers, practitioners, lecturers, and graduate students in computer engineering who want to learn all about M&S support to addressing complexity in CPS and its applications in today’s and tomorrow’s world.

SAURABH MITTAL, PhD, is Chief Scientist for Simulation, Experimentation and Gaming at The MITRE Corporation. He is the President-Elect and member of the Board of Directors for the Society for Modeling and Simulation International. He is a recipient of US DoD's highest civilian contractor recognition: Golden Eagle award (2006). He has published over hundred articles in various venues including the books: Netcentric System of Systems Engineering with DEVS Unified Process (2013), Guide to Simulation-based Disciplines: Advancing Our Computational Future (2017) and Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems Engineering: A Modeling and Simulation Approach (2018).

ANDREAS TOLK, PhD, is Senior Principal Computer Scientist at The MITRE Corporation and Adjunct Professor at Old Dominion University. He is a Fellow of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International. His numerous publications comprise twelve books on systems engineering and modeling and simulation, including the Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation (2012), Modeling and Simulation Support for System of Systems Engineering Applications (2015), and Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems Engineering: A Modeling and Simulation Approach (2018).

Preface xi

Foreword xv
Barry Martin Horowitz

About the Editors xvii

List of Contributors xix

Author Biography xxiii

Part I Introduction 1

1 The Complexity in Application of Modeling and Simulation for Cyber Physical Systems Engineering 3
Saurabh Mittal and Andreas Tolk

2 Challenges in the Operation and Design of Intelligent Cyber‑Physical Systems 27
Sebastian Castro, Pieter J. Mosterman, Akshay H. Rajhans, and Roberto G. Valenti

3 NATO Use of Modeling and Simulation to Evolve Autonomous Systems 53
Jan Mazal, Agostino Bruzzone, Michele Turi, Marco Biagini, Fabio Corona, and Jason Jones

Part II Modeling Support to CPS Engineering 81

4 Multi‑Perspective Modeling and Holistic Simulation: A System‑Thinking Approach to Very Complex Systems Analysis 83
Mamadou K. Traoré

5 A Unifying Framework for the Hierarchical Co-Simulation of Cyber-Physical Systems 111
Fernando J. Barros

6 Model-Based Systems of Systems Engineering Trade-off Analytics 131
Aleksandra Markina-Khusid, Ryan Jacobs, and Judith Dahmann

7 Taming Complexity and Risk in Internet of Things (IoT) Ecosystem Using System Entity Structure (SES) Modeling 163
Saurabh Mittal, Sheila A. Cane, Charles Schmidt, Richard B. Harris, and John Tufarolo

Part III Simulation‐Based CPS Engineering 191

8 Simulation Model Continuity for Efficient Development of Embedded Controllers in Cyber-Physical Systems 193
Rodrigo Castro, Ezequiel Pecker Marcosig, and Juan I. Giribet

9 Cyber-Physical Systems Design Methodology for the Prediction of Symptomatic Events in Chronic Diseases 223
Kevin Henares, Josué Pagán, José L. Ayala, Marina Zapater, and José L. Risco-Martín

10 Model‐Based Engineering with Application to Autonomy 255
Rahul Bhadani, Matt Bunting, and Jonathan Sprinkle

Part IV The Cyber Element 287

11 Perspectives on Securing Cyber Physical Systems 289
Zach Furness

12 Cyber-Physical System Resilience: Frameworks, Metrics, Complexities, Challenges, and Future Directions 301
Md Ariful Haque, Sachin Shetty, and Bheshaj Krishnappa

13 The Cyber Creation of Social Structures 339
E. Dante Suarez and Loren Demerath

Part V Way Forward 371

14 A Research Agenda for Complexity in Application of Modeling and Simulation for Cyber Physical Systems Engineering 373
Andreas Tolk and Saurabh Mittal

Cyber Physical Systems – Modeling and Simulation to Balance Enthusiasm and Caution 391
Kris Rosfjord

Index 395

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