The Computerization of Work; A Communication Perspective

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ISBN: 9780761906995 | 0761906991
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 8/16/2000

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Written by renouned professionals in the fields of information and communication technologies, this volume explores the subject matter through the discussion of theory and field studies as well as insights from other research. Students and researchers alike will appreciate this rare look into the world of technology and society.

Organizations Meet I/CT

(27)

Examples of Less Than Fully Successful Implementations

(5)

Successes or Failures?

(1)

Some Explanations of the Technology-Organization Link

(12)

The ``Situatedness'' of Work: Its Inevitable Circumstantiality

(2)

The Dead Weight of Tradition as an Impediment to Organizational Change

(2)

I/CT-Based Approaches That Ignore the Inevitability of Organizational Politics

(4)

Is the Technology Its Own Worst Enemy? The Self-Limiting Properties of Systems Design

(2)

The Pros and Cons of Dualistic Explanations

(1)

Toward a Structurational Explanation of the Technology-Organization Link

(8)

Reevaluating the Four Hypotheses

(2)

A Brief Overview of Where We Are Heading in the Book

(2)

Organization of the Chapters

(3)

Structuration Theory: Basic Concepts

(23)

Structuration Theory as an Emergent/Process Model

(1)

Historical Origins of the Theory

(1)

A Theory Still in Construction

(1)

Giddens's Concept of Structuration

(11)

A Recusively and Reflexively Organized World

(2)

Reflexivity and Knowledge

(1)

Action and Power

(1)

A Dialectic of Control

(1)

Structure Versus System: The Essence of ``Duality''

(1)

Rules and Resources

(2)

Dimensions of Structure

(2)

Structuration as an Explanation of Computerization

(9)

How Structuration Might Conceptualize an Instance of Computerization

(2)

What Structuration Theory Does Not Address

(6)

Expanding the Structurational Perspective

(28)

The Structuring of Situated Action

(13)

The Role of Time and Space in Embedding Structure

(4)

Collaborating Groups as Systems of Distributed Cognition

(4)

The ``When'' of Infrastructure

(2)

Structure (Singular)--Or Structures (Plural)?

(2)

The Issue of Agency

(10)

The Head-Complement Relation

(2)

The Origin of Head-Complement Relations in Communication

(1)

Organization as an Embedded System of Head-Complement Relations

(2)

An Actor-Network of Actor-Networks

(1)

The Dimension of Community

(1)

The Role of Text in Communication

(3)

Conclusion

(2)

Communication as the Modality of Structuration

(32)

Situated Communication: ``A Talking Out of Text in the Circumstances of a Conversation''

(18)

The Centrality of Agency in Communication Theory

(2)

Narrative Theory and the Structuring Role of Time

(1)

What Is Meant by Situation?

(2)

Imbrication as a Principle of Structuration

(1)

A Dialectic of Control

(3)

The Importance of Community

(1)

Ontological Assumptions of a Situated Theory of Communication

(1)

``Enactment'' and the ``Dance of Agency'': The Outward Reach of Collaborative Groups

(2)

Theorizing the Extended Communication Networks of an Organization

(6)

Organization as a Metaconversation, or ``Conversation of Conversations''

(1)

The Organization Considered as Itself a Unit of Action

(3)

Dialectics of Control

102

(1)

A Polemic of Perspectives

102

(1)

The Role of Text in Constructing the Identity of the Organization

103

(1)

Communication, Contradiction, and Computerization

104

(7)

Tensions That Arise From Contradictory Professional and Administrative Imperatives

105

(1)

Tensions That Arise From Contradictory Process and Function Imperatives

105

(1)

Tensions That Arise From Contradictory Local and Global Imperatives

105

(1)

The Suchman/Winograd Debate

106

(5)

Technology Development: Writing Organization

111

(22)

The CSCW Design Challenge

112

(4)

The Genesis of the Research Project Described in This Chapter

113

(1)

Dimensions of Culture

113

(1)

The Objectives of the Research

114

(2)

CSCW Systems Design in Denmark

116

(4)

Aarhus University

116

(4)

A Different Research Environment: Japan

120

(4)

Keio University

120

(1)

CSCW Systems in Japan

121

(3)

Institutional Settings

124

(4)

How Aarhus Fits Into the Institutional Setting of Danish Society and the CSCW Community

124

(2)

How Keio Fits Into the Institutional Setting of Japan and the CSCW Community

126

(2)

Technology: An Ideology of Organization?

128

(2)

Society as a ``Surface of Emergence''

130

(3)

A-B-X Again

130

(3)

Dialectics of Control in a Tiled Organization

133

(22)

The Purchasing Department

133

(4)

Theoretical Considerations

137

(5)

The Purchasing Department Reexamined

137

(1)

Different Orientations to the Object

138

(1)

Process Versus Function

139

(1)

Dialectics of Control

140

(1)

Computerization as an Agency of Change

141

(1)

The Structurational Point of View

142

(1)

Computerization and Politics in the Purchasing Department

142

(4)

The Genesis of the Computerization Process

142

(3)

The New System

145

(1)

Implementing the System

145

(1)

A Structurational Explanation of the Computerization of the Purchasing Department

146

(5)

A Changed Work Environment

146

(2)

The Human Dynamics of Implementation

148

(1)

Restructuring the Organization: The Supplier List

149

(2)

Conclusion

151

(4)

The Critique of BPR

152

(3)

Explaining System Integration

155

(22)

Structuring the Local and the Global

157

(8)

Structurationist Perspectives

158

(1)

Adaptive Structuration Theory

158

(2)

Structuration and Field Research

160

(1)

Barley

160

(3)

Orlikowski

163

(2)

The Meter Reader Study

165

(5)

Institutional Differences

167

(3)

Analysis: The Importance of Space/Time in a Theory of Structuration

170

(4)

Conclusion

174

(3)

Reconciling the Interface

177

(16)

Learning as an Organizational Phenomenon

177

(5)

``Orders of Learning'' Again

177

(2)

Orders of Learning, Levels of Organization

179

(3)

Computerization as an Agent of Learning

182

(2)

Things That Might Go Wrong When Organizations Computerize

184

(7)

Getting the Representation Right?

184

(1)

Recent Trends in Design

185

(1)

Representing, Not Just Work or Groups, but the Organization Itself

186

(1)

Accounting

186

(2)

The Narrative of Computerization

188

(1)

The Reengineering Story

189

(1)

Summary

190

(1)

Conclusion: Toward a Research Agenda

191

(2)

The Role of Communication Research

192

(1)

References

193

(8)

Author Index

201

(4)

Subject Index

205

(4)

About the Authors

209

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The Computerization of Work; A Communication Perspective

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