Concept, Image, and Symbol : The Cognitive

This research monograph develops and illustrates an innovative theory of linguistic structure, called "cognitive grammar," and applies it to representative phenomena in English and other languages. Cognitive grammar views language as an integral facet of cognition and claims that grammatical structure cannot be understood or revealingly described independently of semantic onsiderations. It argues that grammar forms a continuum with the lexicon and is reducible to symbolic relationships (i.e. form-meaning pairings), and consequently that all valid grammatical constructs have some kind of conceptual import. The coherence and descriptive potential of cognitive grammar are exemplified by application to a broad variety of grammatical phenomena drawn from numerous languages.

Preface	p. ix
Introduction	p. 1
Linguistic semantics	p. 2
Dimensions of imagery	p. 5
Grammar as image	p. 12
Grammatical organization	p. 15
Grammatical classes	p. 19
Grammatical constructions	p. 23
Conclusion	p. 32
Inside and outside in Cora	p. 33
Theoretical preliminaries	p. 35
Enclosure	p. 37
Topographical domain	p. 41
Accessibility	p. 45
Scope	p. 51
Implications	p. 55
Nouns and verbs	p. 59
Issues	p. 59
Basic concepts	p. 61
Bounding	p. 63
Interconnection	p. 66
Count vs. mass nouns	p. 69
Relations	p. 74
Processes	p. 78
Motivation	p. 81
Perfective vs. imperfective processes	p. 85
Progressives	p. 91
Abstract nouns	p. 97
Conclusion	p. 100
The English passive	p. 101
Grammar and analyzability	p. 102
Economy	p. 102
Components	p. 104
The symbolic nature of grammar	p. 105
Semantic structure	p. 108
Grammatical morphemes	p. 110
Overtness of grammatical structure	p. 113
Continuum of lexicon, morphology, and syntax	p. 115
Descriptive framework	p. 116
Linguistic organization	p. 116
Syntagmatic combination	p. 120
The passive construction	p. 127
The perfect participle	p. 129
The passive be	p. 135
By-phrases	p. 139
Related phenomena	p. 143
Abstract motion	p. 149
Basic concepts and assumptions	p. 149
The characterization of verbs	p. 152
Objective motion	p. 155
Subjective motion	p. 157
Avenues of semantic extension	p. 160
Grammatical valence	p. 165
Canonical instances	p. 167
Noncanonical instances	p. 174
Further departures from the canon	p. 179
Scope and morphological layering	p. 183
Active zones	p. 189
The phenomenon	p. 189
Analysis	p. 193
Grammatical implications	p. 196
The Yuman auxiliary	p. 203
Transitivity, case, and grammatical relations	p. 209
The conception of actions and events	p. 209
Unmarked linguistic coding	p. 211
Some basic grammatical constructs	p. 211
Selection	p. 213
Heads and tails	p. 216
Complexities	p. 219
Subjective asymmetry	p. 222
Subject and object	p. 224
Marked coding	p. 226
Lexical options	p. 226
Voice	p. 229
Setting vs. participants	p. 230
Case	p. 234
General comments	p. 234
Role archetypes	p. 236
Correlation with grammatical relations	p. 239
Ergativelabsolutive systems	p. 241
The structure of events	p. 243
Ergativity	p. 246
Other case phenomena	p. 249
Causative constructions	p. 254
Complex events	p. 254
Causatives derived from intransitives	p. 256
Causatives derived from transitives	p. 258
A usage-based model	p. 261
Two conceptions of generality	p. 261
The network conception	p. 266
General applicability	p. 272
Distribution	p. 278
Conclusion	p. 288
Autonomy and agreement	p. 289
The autonomy issue	p. 289
The symbolic alternative	p. 292
Grammatical markings	p. 301
Agreement	p. 307
Conclusion	p. 313
Subjectification	p. 315
Perspective	p. 315
Grounding	p. 318
The nature of subjectification	p. 324
A spatial example	p. 326
The future sense of 'go'	p. 330
Modals	p. 333
Possession and perfect aspect	p. 337
Conclusion	p. 341
Final remarks	p. 343
Notes	p. 345
	p. 345
	p. 346
	p. 349
	p. 352
	p. 358
	p. 359
	p. 359
	p. 360
	p. 360
	p. 364
	p. 365
	p. 365
Bibliography	p. 367
Index	p. 383
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

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Concept, Image, and Symbol : The Cognitive Basis of Grammar

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