Conflict and Community in Corinth : A

This commentary applies an exegetical method informed by both sociological insight and rhetorical analysis to the study of I and 2 Corinthians. The study also analyzes the two letters of Paul in terms of Greco-Roman rhetoric and ancient social conditions and customs to shed fresh light on the context and content of the message.

Preface

x

Acknowledgments

xvi

Abbreviations

xvii

Introduction

1

(1)

Paul the Greco-Roman Jew and Jewish Christian

1

(4)

Roman Corinth

5

(14)

The City and Its People

5

(4)

Trade and Manufacturing

9

(3)

Tourism

12

(1)

Religion

12

(7)

The Social Level of Paul and His Converts

19

(16)

Paul's Position and Presence

19

(3)

The Corinthian Christians

22

(13)

Social Status

22

(2)

Ethnic and Religious Background

24

(4)

Social Diversity and Problems in the Christian Community

28

(2)

Household Assemblies

30

(2)

Two Prominent Members

32

(3)

The Literary World of Paul and His Converts

35

(13)

1 and 2 Corinthians as Letters

36

(3)

1 and 2 Corinthians as Rhetoric

39

(9)

Developments in Rhetoric in the Greco-Roman World

40

(3)

Modes and Functions of Greco-Roman Rhetoric

43

(1)

Paul's Use of Rhetoric

44

(4)

Socio-Rhetorical Resources on 1 and 2 Corinthians: An Annotated Bibliography

48

(21)

Archaeology

48

(4)

Classical Studies

52

(3)

Greco-Roman Rhetoric

55

(6)

Sociology and Anthropology

61

(5)

Paul and Ancient Philosophy

66

(1)

Paul the Sage and Ancient Wisdom Movements

66

(3)

1 CORINTHIANS

69

(256)

The Background and Structure of the Letter

71

(7)

Chronology and Composition

71

(2)

Rhetorical Setting

73

(5)

Epistolary Prescript: 1:1-3

78

(4)

Epistolary Thanksgiving and Exordium: 1:4-9

82

(12)

A Closer Look: The Apollos Factor and Faction

83

(7)

A Closer Look: The Character of the Ekklesia

90

(4)

Propositio: 1:10

94

(4)

Narratio: 1:11-17

98

(8)

Probatio: 1:18-16:12

106

(212)

Argument I: 1:18-4:21

106

(1)

Division 1: 1:18-31

106

(1)

``The Wisdom of the Cross, Wisdom on the Cross''

106

(5)

A Closer Look: Pagan Views of Salvation

111

(10)

Division 2: 2:1-16

121

(1)

``Wisdom for the Mature''

121

(9)

Division 3: 3:1-23

130

(1)

``The Wise Master-Builder and His Coworkers''

130

(6)

Division 4: 4:1-21

136

(1)

``The Future of an Allusion and the Past of a Sage''

136

(8)

A Closer Look: Rhetors, Teachers, and Imitation

144

(7)

Argument II: 5:1-6:20

151

(1)

Division 1: 5:1-13

151

(1)

``Beyond All Bounds''

151

(3)

A Closer Look: Honor and Shame in the Roman World

154

(8)

Division 2: 6:1-20

162

(1)

``Courting Trouble''

162

(8)

Argument III: 7:1-40

170

(1)

``Holy Wedlock and Unholy Deadlock''

170

(11)

A Closer Look: Slavery in Roman Corinth and Paul's Advice in 7:21

181

(5)

Argument IV: 8:1-11:1

186

(1)

Division 1: 8:1-13

186

(1)

``The Party of the First Part''

186

(5)

A Closer Look: Dining in Roman Corinth

191

(12)

Division 2: 9:1-27

203

(1)

``For Example''

203

(1)

A Closer Look: Paul's Self-Presentation

204

(4)

A Closer Look: Why Paul Made Tents

208

(9)

Division 3: 10:1-11:1

217

(1)

``Just the Type''

217

(14)

Argument V: 11:2-16

231

(1)

``Heads Up''

231

(1)

A Closer Look: Headcoverings and Religion in Roman Cities

232

(9)

Argument VI: 11:17-34

241

(1)

``Making a Meal of It''

241

(2)

A Closer Look: Association Rules and Teaching at Meals

243

(10)

Argument VII

253

(1)

Division 1: 12:1-31a

253

(1)

``Body Language''

253

(6)

A Closer Look: The Honor Roll in a Roman Colony

259

(5)

Division 2: 12:31b-13:13

264

(1)

``Displaying Love's Way''

264

(10)

Division 3: 14:1-40

274

(1)

``The Agony of the Ecstasy''

274

(2)

A Closer Look: Prophecy and Glossolalia in Corinth

276

(15)

Argument VIII: 15:1-58

291

(1)

``Rising to the Occasion''

291

(4)

A Closer Look: Roman Imperial Eschatology

295

(18)

Argument IX: 16:1-12

313

(1)

``Collections and Projections''

313

(5)

Peroratio: 16:13-18

318

(4)

``A Word to the Wise''

318

(4)

Closing Epistolary Greetings and Remarks

322

(3)

2 CORINTHIANS

325

(152)

The Background and Foreground of the Letter

327

(26)

Setting, Literary History, and Rhetorical Structure

327

(12)

The Need for Reconciliation

339

(4)

The Opponents

343

(8)

Composition and Chronology

351

(2)

Epistolary Prescript: 1:1-2

353

(3)

Epistolary Thanksgiving and Exordium: 1:3-7

356

(4)

Narratio: 1:8-2:16

360

(11)

A Closer Look: The Roman Triumph

367

(4)

Propositio: 2:17

371

(4)

Probatio (refutatio): 3:1-13:4

375

(96)

Argument I: 3:1-6:13

375

(1)

Division 1: 3:1-18

375

(1)

``A Tale of Two Ministries''

375

(2)

A Closer Look: Letters of Introduction Recommendation

377

(8)

Division 2: 4:1-5:385

385

(1)

``Treasure in Ear388n Vessels''

385

(3)

A Closer Look392he Hardship Catalogs

388

(4)

Division 3: 5:11-6:2

392

(1)

``New Creatures''

392

(6)

Division 4: 6:3-13

398

(1)

``Ministerial Privileges''

398

(4)

Argument II: Digression (Egressio): 6:14-7:1

402

(1)

``Entangling Alliances''

402

(5)

Argument III (with Amplificatio): 7:2-16

407

(1)

``Hearts on Fire with Joy and Sorrow''

407

(4)

Argument IV: Chapters 8-9

411

(1)

``Collections and Recollections''

411

(3)

A Closer Look: Paul, Patronage, and Power

414

(9)

A Closer Look: Paul and the Collection

423

(6)

Argument V: 10:1-13:4

429

(1)

Division 1: 10:1-18

429

(1)

``Bragging Rights''

429

(3)

A Closer Look: Paul and Boasting

432

(10)

Division 2: 11:1-12:10

442

(1)

``Foolish Thoughts''

442

(11)

A Closer Look: Paul, Apostleship, and Social Networks

453

(12)

Division 3: 12:11-13:4

465

(1)

Closing Arguments

465

(6)

Peroratio: 13:5-10

471

(3)

``The Last Harangue: The Defense Rests''

471

(3)

Closing Epistolary Greetings and Remarks: 13:11-13

474

(3)

``Parting Shots''

474

(3)

Index of Modern Authors

477

(7)

Index of Scripture and Other Ancient Writings

484

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Conflict and Community in Corinth : A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary on 1 and 2 Corinthians

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