The Constitutional Monarchy in France, 1814-48

Historians in France assume that the restoration of Monarchy after the defeat of Napoleon was doomed. The first compact recent history of the period in English, this book reveals that although the French experimented with two Monarchies and a Republic (1814 - 48), there was substantial stability. The Institutional framework constructed during the Revolutionary years (1789 - 1814) remained intact, and the ruling elites retained basic control.

An Introduction to the Series

viii

Note on Referencing System

ix

Acknowledgements

x

Preface

xi

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION

1

(14)

Restorations 1814--15

1

(7)

The First Restoration, 1814

1

(1)

The Constitutional Charter of 1814

2

(1)

The Institutions of the Empire that Survived in the Monarchy

3

(2)

The Hundred Days

5

(1)

The White Terror and the Second Restoration

6

(2)

Social Tensions

8

(7)

The Inheritance of the Revolution and Empire: the Ruling Elites

8

(2)

The Inheritance of the Revolution and Empire: the Church

10

(1)

The Social Impact of Economic Change

11

(4)

PART TWO: ANALYSIS

15

(70)

An Impossible Monarchy?

15

(16)

Restoration Political Groups

15

(4)

An `Apprenticeship' in Parliamentary Politics

19

(1)

The Bourbon Army

19

(2)

The Press

21

(1)

The Polarisation of Politics in the 1820s

22

(1)

The Charbonnerie

23

(1)

Social Reform: the Saint-Simonians

24

(1)

Political Reform: the Defence of the Charter

25

(2)

Religion and the Right

27

(1)

The Consolidation of the Left

27

(2)

Economic Crisis, 1827--32

29

(2)

The 1830 Revolution

31

(8)

Why was there a Revolution in 1830?

31

(1)

The Four Ordinances, July 1830: a Royal Coup d'etat?

32

(3)

The Three Glorious Days

35

(1)

1830 in Provincial France

36

(3)

Orleanism: What was Changed by the 1830 Revolution?

39

(7)

King of the French People

39

(2)

Louis-Philippe

The Constitutional Charter, August 1830

41

(2)

Society: Was 1830 a Bourgeois Revolution?

43

(2)

La revolution escamotee: Whatever Happended to the Artisan Revolution?

45

(1)

The Radical Response to the Orleanist Revolution

46

(5)

The Trial of the Ex-Ministers

46

(1)

Anti-clerical Riots

47

(2)

Patriotism and National Associations

49

(1)

The Consolidation of Conservative Orleanism?

50

(1)

Popular Insurrection and the Republicans

51

(15)

Republican Clubs

51

(2)

The Rebellion in Lyon, 1831

53

(1)

Mutual-aid Societies

54

(1)

Strategies for Opposition: Newspapers

55

(1)

Strategies for Opposition: Banquets and Funerals

56

(2)

The Social Question

58

(1)

The `New Woman'

59

(1)

The Campaign against the Republicans

60

(6)

Liberty and Order: A Juste Milieu Secured?

66

(6)

Orleanist Political Liberty

67

(1)

Moral Order

67

(3)

A Communications Revolution

70

(2)

How was it that the Orleanist Monarchy was Eliminated in a Revolution?

72

(13)

Socialist Criticism of Orleanism

73

(3)

Political Corruption

76

(1)

The Banquet Campaigns

76

(2)

Economic Crisis, 1845--48

78

(1)

The Banquet Campaign of 1847

79

(3)

The February Revolution, 1848

82

(3)

PART THREE: ASSESSMENT

85

(8)

What did Revolution Signify? A Comparison of 1830 and 1848

85

(5)

Why Compromise Did Not Work

86

(1)

The Role of the National Guard and the Army in Revolution

87

(1)

Revolution and Social Georgraphy

88

(2)

Conclusion: Writing the History of the Constitutional Monarchy

90

(3)

PART FOUR: DOCUMENTS

93

(31)

Chronology

124

(3)

Bibliography

127

(10)

Index

137

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The Constitutional Monarchy in France, 1814-48

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The Constitutional Monarchy in France, 1814-48

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