Contemporary Health Studies An Introduction

, by Warwick-Booth, Louise; Cross, Ruth; Lowcock, Diane

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ISBN: 9780745650227 | 0745650228
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 7/23/2012

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Contemporary Health Studies: An Introduction provides a lively and accessible introduction to the current issues and key debates in this area. It contains a strong, up-to-date, global, social-scientific focus examining the human experience of health particularly emphasizing its social, political and environmental dimensions. The book's diverse content is usefully divided into three main parts. Part one sets the scene looking closely at the definition of health studies and the debates surrounding the concept of health. Part two explores different disciplines underpinning Health Studies including chapters such as sociology, psychology, anthropology and health promotion. Part three of the book explores the determinants of health and contains chapters on individual factors influencing health, policy influences on health, public health and the global context of health. Each chapter: Opens with a list of key learning outcomes; Contains topical learning tasks; Poses questions for reflection and debate; Provides an in-depth case study to summarise the key arguments made. Carefully chosen tables, figures and photographs bring the text to life, whilst the companion web-site offers additional learning resources for both students and lecturers alike. Contemporary Health Studies: An Introduction is an essential guide for undergraduate health students written by three authors who have a wealth of teaching experience in this subject area. Their book will inspire readers to consider the human experience of health within contemporary global society as it is mediated by individual, societal and global contexts.

Introduction	p. 1
Understanding and Promoting Health	p. 5
What is Health?	p. 7
Key learning outcomes	p. 7
Overview	p. 7
Definitions of health	p. 7
Theoretical perspectives	p. 12
The medical model	p. 13
The social model	p. 14
The holistic model	p. 16
The biopsychosocial model	p. 16
Different perspectives	p. 17
Social construction	p. 17
A moral phenomenon	p. 17
Lay perspectives	p. 18
Understandings according to culture	p. 20
Understandings across the lifespan	p. 22
Why is this important for understanding health?	p. 25
Summary	p. 27
Questions	p. 28
Further reading	p. 28
Contemporary Threats to Health	p. 29
Key learning outcomes	p. 29
Overview	p. 29
Conceptualizing the identifying of threats	p. 30
Nature and determinants of health	p. 30
Magnitude and severity	p. 33
Media construction and moral panics	p. 33
Communicable and non-communicable diseases	p. 35
Contemporary threats	p. 40
Why and how is all this important?	p. 48
Summary	p. 50
Questions	p. 50
Further reading	p. 50
Investigating Health	p. 52
Key learning outcomes	p. 52
Overview	p. 52
What is research?	p. 53
Philosophical frameworks	p. 54
Research question/s	p. 55
Quantitative research	p. 58
Nature of quantitative research	p. 58
Quantitative methods	p. 58
Quantitative sampling	p. 59
Steps in quantitative sampling	p. 59
Quantitative analysis	p. 64
Qualitative research	p. 67
Nature of qualitative research	p. 67
Qualitative methods	p. 69
Qualitative sampling	p. 69
Qualitative analysis	p. 74
Differences between quantitative and qualitative research	p. 75
Ethics of research	p. 77
Evidence-based practice	p. 78
Finding evidence	p. 79
Appraising evidence	p. 79
Applying evidence to practice	p. 80
Why is understanding research important?	p. 83
Summary	p. 83
Questions	p. 83
Further reading	p. 84
Disciplinary Context	p. 85
Sociology and Health	p. 87
Key learning outcomes	p. 87
Overview	p. 87
What is sociology?	p. 87
Sociology of health and illness	p. 89
Functionalist theory	p. 90
Symbolic interactionism	p. 91
Marxist theory	p. 94
Feminist theory	p. 96
Social constructionism	p. 96
Post structuralism	p. 98
Society as a determinant of health	p. 99
Sociological critique of health promotion	p. 104
Why is this important for understanding health?	p. 105
Summary	p. 107
Questions	p. 107
Further reading	p. 107
Social Anthropology and Health	p. 109
Key learning outcomes	p. 109
Overview	p. 109
What is social anthropology?	p. 109
Culture and health	p. 110
Experiencing illness	p. 115
Culture and treatment	p. 117
Cultural representations	p. 120
Culture and mental illness	p. 122
Cultural influences upon health	p. 124
Why is this important to health studies?	p. 126
Summary	p. 128
Questions	p. 128
Further reading	p. 128
Health Psychology	p. 130
Key learning outcomes	p. 130
Overview	p. 130
What is health psychology?	p. 131
Health behaviour	p. 132
Different kinds of behaviour	p. 134
Determinants of behaviour	p. 135
Self efficacy	p. 136
Beliefs about control	p. 136
The Health Belief Model	p. 137
Research and the Health Belief Model	p. 139
The Theory of Planned Behaviour	p. 139
Research and the Theory of Planned Behaviour	p. 140
Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)	p. 140
The Stages of Change Model	p. 142
Critiques of theory	p. 143
Health Action Model	p. 144
How is health psychology important?	p. 146
Critical perspectives	p. 148
Summary	p. 148
Questions	p. 148
Further reading	p. 148
Health Promotion	p. 150
Key learning outcomes	p. 150
Overview	p. 150
What is health promotion?	p. 151
Origins of health promotion	p. 152
Tools for understanding health promotion	p. 154
Tannahill's (1985) model	p. 154
Beattie's (1991) model	p. 155
Naidoo and Wills' (2000) typology	p. 158
Tones and Tilford's (1994) empowerment model	p. 160
Caplan and Holland's (1990) four perspectives	p. 162
Principles and values	p. 164
Focus on upstream approaches	p. 165
Non- victim blaming approaches	p. 165
Evidence base	p. 166
Participation and empowerment	p. 166
Equity	p. 167
Ethical practice	p. 167
Focus on salutogentic models	p. 168
Critiques of health promotion	p. 168
Contribution of health promotion	p. 169
Summary	p. 171
Questions	p. 171
Further reading	p. 172
Influences upon Health	p. 173
Individual Characteristics and their Influence upon Health	p. 176
Key learning outcomes	p. 176
Overview	p. 176
What is this all about?	p. 177
How do individual characteristics influence health?	p. 177
Foetal development	p. 177
Foetal programming	p. 178
Age	p. 181
Biology and biological sex	p. 181
Gender	p. 183
Hereditary and genetic factors	p. 183
Personality	p. 184
Self-esteem	p. 187
Nature/nurture debate and individual characteristics	p. 188
What does this mean?	p. 189
A life span perspective	p. 189
How is this relevant?	p. 192
Summary	p. 192
Questions	p. 193
Further reading	p. 193
Social and Community Characteristics and their Influence upon Health	p. 194
Key learning outcomes	p. 194
Overview	p. 194
Social and community networks	p. 195
Social support	p. 196
Relationship between social support and health	p. 196
Social capital	p. 198
Measuring social capital	p. 198
Trust and reciprocity	p. 200
Civic engagement	p. 200
Social networks	p. 200
Relationship between social capital and health	p. 201
Settings for social and community networks	p. 204
The family	p. 204
Faith-based organizations	p. 205
Implications for policy and practice	p. 206
Social and community networks	p. 209
Summary	p. 209
Questions	p. 211
Further reading	p. 211
The Physical Environment and its Influence on Health	p. 212
Key learning outcomes	p. 212
Overview	p. 212
What is this all about?	p. 213
Physical environment (living and working conditions)	p. 214
Agriculture and food production	p. 214
Water and sanitation	p. 217
Housing	p. 218
The working environment	p. 220
Unemployment	p. 221
Education	p. 223
Health care services	p. 224
What does this mean?	p. 225
How is this relevant?	p. 225
Summary	p. 227
Questions	p. 227
Further reading	p. 227
Policy Influences upon Health	p. 229
Key learning outcomes	p. 229
Overview	p. 229
What is social policy?	p. 230
Social policy as a determinant of health	p. 233
Current policy issues	p. 235
The British Welfare State	p. 236
Ideological and political values	p. 239
Health services as a determinant of health	p. 242
Healthy public policy	p. 243
The broader policy environment	p. 244
The importance of fiscal policy	p. 246
Social policy and health studies	p. 247
Summary	p. 249
Questions	p. 249
Further reading	p. 249
The Global Context of Health	p. 251
Key learning outcomes	p. 251
Overview	p. 251
Why is global health important?	p. 251
How does the global context influence health?	p. 252
Globalization	p. 252
Migration	p. 254
Trade	p. 255
The environment	p. 258
Inequalities	p. 259
Financing and health care	p. 262
Health governance and policy	p. 264
Why is all of this important?	p. 268
Summary	p. 270
Questions	p. 270
Further reading	p. 270
Synthesizing Perspectives: Case Studies for Action	p. 272
Key learning outcomes	p. 272
Overview	p. 272
Malaria case study	p. 273
Strategies to tackle malaria	p. 273
Cervical cancer case study	p. 277
Strategies to tackle cervical cancer	p. 277
Health and neighbourhoods case study	p. 282
Strategies to improve neighbourhood health	p. 284
The determinants of health 'rainbow'	p. 287
Key strengths of the rainbow model	p. 288
How the rainbow model might be improved	p. 289
Summary	p. 293
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Contemporary Health Studies An Introduction

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