Control of Non-conventional Synchronous Motors

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ISBN: 9781848213319 | 184821331X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/17/2012

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Modern industrial production and manufacturing operations rely on an enormous number of devices known as "motors" - for the countless different operations of machine tools, robots and other specialized machines, these devices operate on objects in motion (generally in rotation) and apply a torque, a speed, or a position, each of which is determined by a high level control and decision-making system element. This book provides a broad overview of conventional (extending occasionally to the non-conventional) synchronous motor control, from traditional methods based on regulation with inverter control using pulse width modulation (PWM) to some very promising new and advanced methods, such as direct control and feed forward methods. The authors supply new information and applications in the fields of modeling and of real world control methods, often stressing the very important challenge of implementing controls without mechanical sensors.

Introduction	p. xi
Self-controlled Synchronous Motor: Principles of Function and Simplified Control Model	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Design aspects specific to the self-controlled synchronous machine	p. 2
Simplified model for the study of steady state operation	p. 3
Study of steady-state operation	p. 6
Operation at nominal speed, voltage and current	p. 12
Operation with a torque smaller man the nominal torque	p. 15
Operation with a speed below the nominal speed	p. 15
Running as a generator	p. 16
Equivalence of a machine with a commutator and brushes	p. 17
Equations inferred from the theory of circuits with sliding contacts	p. 22
Evaluation of alternating currents circulating in steady state in the damper windings	p. 26
Transposition of the study to the case of a negative rotational speed	p. 28
Variant of the base assembly	p. 28
Conclusion	p. 29
List of the main symbols used	p. 29
Bibliography	p. 30
Self-controlled Synchronous Motor: Dynamic Model Including the Behavior of Damper Windings and Commutation Overlap	p. 33
Introduction	p. 33
Choice of the expression of N^k	p. 35
Expression of fluxes	p. 40
General properties of coefficients , and	p. 46
Electrical dynamic equations	p. 48
Expression of electromechanical variables	p. 51
Expression of torque	p. 53
Writing of equations in terms of coenergy	p. 54
Application to control	p. 56
Conclusion	p. 60
Appendix 1: value of coefficients , and	p. 60
Appendix 2: derivatives of coefficients , and	p. 61
Appendix 3: simplifications for small ¿	p. 62
Appendix 4: List of the main symbols used in Chapters 1 and 2	p. 63
Bibliography	p. 65
Synchronous Machines in Degraded Mode	p. 67
General introduction	p. 67
Analysis of failures of the set converter-machine: converters with Mosfet transistors	p. 68
Analysis of the main causes of failure	p. 68
Failure of the inverter	p. 68
Other failures	p. 72
Reliability of a permanent magnet synchronous motors drive	p. 72
Environmental conditions in the motor industry	p. 72
The two reliability reports: MIL-HdbK-217 and RDF2000	p. 73
Failure rate of permanent magnet synchronous motors actuators	p. 75
Conclusion	p. 76
Optimal supplies of permanent magnet synchronous machines in the presence of faults	p. 77
Introduction: the problem of a-b-c controls	p. 77
Supplies of faulty synchronous machines with non-sinusoidal back electromagnetic force	p. 77
Generalization of the modeling	p. 77
A heuristic approach to the solution	p. 80
First optimization of ohmic losses without constraint on the homopolar current	p. 82
Second optimization of ohmic losses with the sum of currents of non-faulty phases being zero	p. 91
Third optimization of ohmic losses with a homopolar current of zero in all phases	p. 96
Global formulations	p. 102
Experimental learning strategy in closed loop to obtain optimal currents in all cases	p. 113
Simulation results	p. 116
General conclusion	p. 118
Glossary	p. 119
Bibliography	p. 121
Control of the Double-star Synchronous Machine Supplied by PWM Inverters	p. 125
Introduction	p. 125
Description of the electrical actuator	p. 127
Basic equations	p. 128
Voltage equations	p. 128
Equation of the electromagnetic torque	p. 131
Dynamic models of the double-star synchronous machine	p. 131
Dynamic model in referential d₁q₁d₂q₂	p. 131
Dynamic model in referential dqz₁z₂z₃z₄	p. 136
Control of the double-star synchronous machine	p. 146
Control in referential d₁q₁d₂q₂	p. 147
Control in referential dqz₁z₂z₃z₄	p. 156
Bibliography	p. 158
Vectorial Modeling and Control of Multiphase Machines with Non-salient Poles Supplied by an Inverter	p. 161
Introduction and presentation of the electrical machines	p. 161
Control model of inverter-fed permanent magnet synchronous machines	p. 163
Characteristic spaces and generalization of the notion of an equivalent two-phase machine	p. 163
The inverter seen from the machine	p. 182
Torque control of multiphase machines	p. 189
Control of currents in the natural basis	p. 189
Control of currents in a decoupling basis	p. 193
Modeling and torque control of multiphase machines in degraded supply mode	p. 203
Modeling of a machine with a supply defect	p. 203
Torque control of a faulty machine	p. 203
Bibliography	p. 204
Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machines	p. 207
Description	p. 207
Definition	p. 207
Classification	p. 208
Modeling with the aim of control	p. 220
Setting up equations	p. 220
Formulation in components	p. 224
Complete model	p. 228
Control by model inversion	p. 230
Aims of the torque control	p. 230
Current control of the machine	p. 231
Optimization and current inputs	p. 233
Overspeed and flux weakening of synchronous machines	p. 235
Generalities	p. 235
Flux weakening of synchronous machines with classical magnets	p. 236
The unified approach to flux weakening using "optimal inputs"	p. 237
Conclusion	p. 237
Bibliography	p. 239
Advanced Control of the Linear Synchronous Motor	p. 241
Introduction	p. 241
Historical review and applications in the field of linear motors	p. 241
Presentation of linear synchronous motors	p. 243
Technology of linear synchronous motors	p. 245
Linear motor models using sinusoidal magneto-motive force assumption	p. 246
Causal ordering graph representation	p. 248
Advanced modeling of linear synchronous motors	p. 249
Classical control of linear motors	p. 253
State-of-the-art in linear motor controls	p. 253
Control structure design using the COG inversion principles	p. 255
Closed-loop control	p. 256
Advanced control of linear motors	p. 265
Multiple resonant controllers in a two-phase reference frame	p. 265
Feed-forward control for the compensation of detent forces	p. 271
Commands by nth derivative for sensorless control	p. 273
Conclusion	p. 279
Nomenclature	p. 280
Acknowledgment	p. 281
Bibliography	p. 281
Appendix: LMD10-050 Datasheet of ETEL	p. 285
Variable Reluctance Machines: Modeling and Control	p. 287
Introduction	p. 287
Synchronous reluctance machines	p. 289
Description and operating principle	p. 289
Hypotheses and model of a Synchrel machine	p. 291
Control of the Synchrel machine	p. 293
Applications	p. 303
Switched reluctance machines	p. 303
Description and principle of operation	p. 303
Hypotheses and direct model of the SRM	p. 307
Control	p. 310
Applications	p. 321
Conclusion	p. 323
Bibliography	p. 323
Control of the Stepping Motor	p. 239
Introduction	p. 329
Modeling	p. 329
Main technologies	p. 329
The modeling hypotheses	p. 330
The model	p. 332
Control in open loop	p. 335
The types of supply
Control in open loop	p. 335
Case of slow movement	p. 339
Case of quick movement	p. 344
Controls in closed loop	p. 350
Linear models	p. 350
Servo-control of speed	p. 357
Advanced control: the control of chaos	p. 361
Chaotic behavior	p. 361
The model	p. 361
Orbit stabilization	p. 363
Absolute stability	p. 365
Synthesis of the controller	p. 366
Examples	p. 368
Bibliography	p. 371
Control of Piezoelectric Actuators	p. 375
Introduction	p. 375
Traveling wave ultrasonic motors: technology and usage	p. 375
Functioning features	p. 377
Models	p. 378
Causal model in the supplied voltage referential	p. 380
Hypotheses and notations	p. 380
Kinematics of the ideal rotor	p. 381
Generation of the motor torque	p. 385
Stator's resonance	p. 386
Calculation of modal reaction forces	p. 387
Complete model	p. 388
Causal model in the referential of the traveling wave	p. 389
Park transform applied to the traveling wave motor	p. 389
Transformed model	p. 391
Study of the motor stall	p. 394
Validation of the model	p. 396
Torque estimator	p. 398
Control based on a behavioral model	p. 400
Controls based on a knowledge model	p. 401
Inversion principle	p. 402
Control structure inferred from the causal model: emphasis on self-control	p. 402
Practical carrying out of self-control	p. 406
Conclusion	p. 407
Bibliography	p. 407
List of Authors	p. 411
Index	p. 413
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Control of Non-conventional Synchronous Motors

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Control of Non-conventional Synchronous Motors

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