Control, Optimization, and Smart Structures

A futuristic guide to smart structure technology

Through the use of active controllers, a structure can modify its behavior during dynamic loading such as impact, wind, or earthquake loading. Such structures with self-modification capability are called adaptive or smart structures. Smart structure technology prevents loss of life and damage to structures during natural disasters. This cross-disciplinary book features computational models and algorithms for active control of a new generation of large adaptive structures subjected to various types of dynamic loading. An important focus of the book is the optimization of both the structure and control systems in order to minimize costs.

Hojjat Adeli is currently Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science and Lichtenstein Professor in Infrastructure Engineering at The Ohio State University. A contributor to 70 Different scholarly journals, he has authored over 400 research and scientific publications in diverse areas of engineering, computer science, and applied mathematics since he received his PhD from Stanford University in 1976 at the age of 26. He has authored/co-authored nine pioneering books. His recent books are: Machine Learning - Neural Networks, Genetic, Algorithms, and Fuzzy Systems, John Wiley & Sons, 1995; Neurocomputing for Design Automation, CRC Press, 1998; Distributed Computer-Aided Engineering, CRC Press, 1999; High Performance computing in Structural Engineering, CRC Press, 1999; and Control, Optimization and Smart Structures High-Performance Bridges and Buildings of the Future, John Wiley & Sons, 1999. He has also edited twelve books including Intelligent Information Systems, IEEE computer Society, 1997. He is the Editor-in-Chief on two research journals: Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering and Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering. He has been a Keynote/Plenary Lecturer at 53 International computing conference held in 32 different countries. On September 29, 1998, he was awarded a patent for a "method and apparatus for efficient design automation and optimization, and structures produced thereby." He is the recipient of numerous academic, research and leadership awards, honors, and recognition. In 1998, he was awarded the University Distinguished Scholar Award by the Ohio State University in recognition of extraordinary accomplishment in research and scholarship and the Senate of the General Assembly of State of Ohio passed a resolution honoring him as an Outstanding Ohioan. He is the quadruple winner of the Ohio State University College of Engineering Lumley Outstanding Research Award. He has been an organizer or a member of the organization/scientific/program committee of 245 conference held in 54 different countries. His research has been sponsored by 20 different organizations, including government funding agencies such as the National Science Foundation, US Air Force Dynamics Laboratory, and US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory.

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgment

xv

About the Authors

xvii

Introduction

1

(10)

Active Control of Structures

3

(1)

Actuators

3

(4)

Overview of Chapters

7

(4)

Microtasking, Macrotasking, and Autotasking

11

(32)

Introduction

13

(1)

Computing Environment

14

(1)

Vectorization

14

(1)

Multitasking

15

(1)

Macrotasking

15

(1)

Microtasking

15

(1)

Autotasking

15

(1)

Concurrent Processing Issues

16

(1)

Racing Condition

16

(1)

Load Balancing

16

(1)

Combining Vectorization with Microtasking (Stripmining)

17

(1)

Structural Optimization

17

(4)

Storage Schemes for Solution of the Simultaneous Linear Equations

21

(1)

Banded Storage Approach

21

(1)

Sky-line Storage Approach

22

(1)

Multitasking Algorithms

22

(1)

Examples

23

(5)

Speedup Results

28

(12)

Conclusions

40

(3)

Formulation of the Integrated Structural/Control Optimization

43

(20)

Dynamic Control Analysis

45

(5)

Formulation of Integrated Structural and Control Optimization

50

(13)

General

50

(2)

Sensitivities

52

(1)

Nodal Displacement Sensitivities

52

(1)

Closed-loop Eigenvalue Sensitivities

53

(3)

Closed-loop Damping Parameter Sensitivities

56

(1)

Constraints

56

(1)

Nodal Displacement Constraints

56

(3)

Stress Constraints

59

(1)

Closed-loop Eigenvalue Constraints

59

(1)

Closed-loop Damping Parameter Constraints

60

(3)

Parallel Algorithms for Solution of the Eigenvalue Problem

63

(44)

Introduction

65

(1)

Approaches for the Solution of the Complex Eigenvalue Problem

65

(3)

The Method Used in This Research

68

(1)

Parallel-Vector Algorithms

69

(28)

Examples

97

(2)

Example 1

97

(1)

Example 2

98

(1)

Examples 3, 4 and 5

99

(1)

Examples 6

99

(1)

Performance Results

99

(6)

Conclusions

105

(2)

Parallel Algorithms for Solution of the Riccati Equation

107

(28)

Introduction

109

(1)

Approaches for the Solution of the Riccati Equation

110

(5)

The Method Used in This Research

115

(1)

Parallel-Vector Algorithms

116

(9)

Examples

125

(5)

Example 1

125

(1)

Example 2

126

(1)

Example 3

126

(4)

Performance Results

130

(2)

Conclusions

132

(3)

Smart Bridge Structures

135

(36)

Introduction

137

(1)

Response of Controlled Structures

137

(5)

Schemes for Placement of Controllers

142

(9)

Examples

151

(4)

Example 1

154

(1)

Example 2

155

(1)

Example 3

155

(1)

Numerical Results

155

(11)

Conclusions

166

(5)

Smart Multistory Building Structures Under Earthquake and Wind Loadings

171

(32)

Introduction

173

(1)

Schemes for Placement of Controllers

173

(1)

Examples

174

(25)

Example 1

185

(5)

Example 2

190

(1)

Example 3

190

(9)

Conclusions

199

(4)

Smart Building Structures Under Blast Loading

203

(28)

Introduction

205

(1)

Blast Loading

205

(3)

Placement of Controllers

208

(1)

Examples

208

(9)

Example 1

209

(1)

Example 2

209

(8)

Example 3

217

(1)

Results and Discussion

217

(12)

Example 1

217

(6)

Example 2

223

(1)

Example 3

223

(6)

Conclusions

229

(2)

Simultaneous Optimization of Control System and Structure

231

(22)

Introduction

233

(1)

Parallel Algorithms

234

(1)

Examples

234

(7)

Example 1

239

(1)

Example 2

240

(1)

Example 3

240

(1)

Results

241

(7)

Example 1

241

(2)

Example 2

243

(3)

Example 3

246

(2)

Memory and CPU Requirements

248

(3)

Final Comments

251

(2)

Bibliography

253

(10)

Subject Index

263

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Control, Optimization, and Smart Structures High-Performance Bridges and Buildings of the Future

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Control, Optimization, and Smart Structures High-Performance Bridges and Buildings of the Future

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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