Criminal Investigation: The Art And The Science

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ISBN: 9780131198777 | 0131198777
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/1/2005

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This book presents crime detection as a dynamic field relying heavily on the past experiences of investigators as well as recent practical and technological innovations. It explores the many external variables that can influence the investigator's success and the specific methods of crime detection and prosecution of law available today. The book also presents, in a logical flow, the steps and considerations observed in an actual criminal investigation.A six-part organization covers the fundamentals of criminal investigation, the investigation process, interpersonal violence, property crimes, vice crimes and related offenses, and prosecution.For anyone interested in thinking like a detective, and understanding the who, what, whyand more, behind a crime scene investigation.

Preface

xvii

Acknowledgments

xix

About the Author

xxi

PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

(32)

Criminal Investigation: An Overview

(19)

Introduction

(1)

The Romance and Reality of Crime Solving

(2)

Criminal Investigation and Our English Heritage

(3)

The Bow Street Runners

(1)

The London Metropolitan Police

(1)

The Creation of Scotland Yard

(1)

Criminal Investigation in America

(3)

The Pinkerton National Detective Agency

(1)

Prohibition

(1)

The Creation of the FBI

(1)

The Increase of Forensic Science Crime Detection

(1)

Criminal Investigation Research

(3)

The RAND Corporation Study

(2)

The PERF Study

(1)

The Objectives of Criminal Investigation

(1)

The Emergence of the Police Specialist

(1)

Types of Investigations

(1)

Crime Scene Investigators (CSIs)

(1)

Major Case Task Forces

(1)

Modes of Investigation

(1)

The Role of the Criminal Investigator

(3)

Characteristics of the Investigator

(1)

Gathering Information

(1)

Field Operations

(1)

Arrests

(1)

Patrol Investigations

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Class Project

(1)

The Preliminary Investigation

(13)

Introduction

(1)

Performing the Preliminary Investigation

(1)

The Role of Evidence at the Crime Scene

(2)

Types of Evidence

(1)

The First Officer's Responsibilities

(5)

Arrival at the Scene

(1)

Identification and Separation of Witnesses

(2)

Determining the Size of the Crime Scene

(1)

Entry into the Crime Scene

(1)

When a Suspect Is Still on the Scene

(1)

Broadcasting a Flash Description

(1)

Managing Emergency Situations

(1)

Securing the Scene

(1)

Handling Special Situations at the Scene

(2)

Dead Body

(1)

Hanging Victim

(1)

Firearms

(1)

Contacting the Medical Examiner

(1)

Conducting a Neighborhood Canvass

(1)

Performing the Follow-up Investigation

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Class Project

(1)

PART 2 THE INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS

(191)

Documenting the Crime Scene

(25)

Introduction

(1)

Field Notes and Reports

(5)

The Role of Field Notes

(1)

When to Take Notes

(1)

What to Write Down

(2)

Developing a Note-Taking System

(1)

Field Interview Cards

(1)

Putting Field Notes to Work

(1)

Storage of Field Notes

(1)

Using a Tape Recorder

(1)

Using Field Notes in the Courtroom

(1)

Writing the Official Police Report

(2)

Factuality

(1)

Thoroughness

(1)

Getting to the Point

(1)

Word Choice

(1)

The Structure of the Report

(3)

The Initial Complaint

(2)

Supplemental Reports

(1)

Photographing the Crime Scene

(4)

What to Photograph

(1)

Other Hints

(2)

Admissibility of Photographic Evidence

(1)

Identification of Photographs

(1)

Surveillance Photographs

(1)

Capturing the Crime Scene on Digital Video

(1)

The Crime Scene Sketch

(4)

Reasons to Sketch

(1)

Putting It Together

(1)

Measurement

(1)

Rough and Finished Sketches

(1)

Choosing the Best Method

(2)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Class Project

(1)

Search and Seizure

(37)

Introduction

(1)

Due Process and the Constitution

(1)

Legal Guidelines for Searches

(1)

The Probable Cause Requirement

(1)

The Exclusionary Rule

(3)

The Fruit of the Poisoned Tree Doctrine

(1)

Search Incident to Lawful Arrest

(2)

Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule

(2)

The Good Faith Exception

(1)

The Inevitable Discovery Doctrine

(1)

The Computer Errors Exception

(1)

Searches with a Warrant

(5)

Advantages of Searching with a Search Warrant

(1)

Structuring the Warrant

(1)

The Affidavit

(2)

The Search Warrant

(1)

The Search Warrant Return

(1)

Execution of the Warrant

(2)

Warrantless Searches

(11)

Search by Consent

(3)

Emergency Searches

(1)

Searches Incident to Arrest

(1)

Stop-and-Frisk Searches

(1)

Plain-View Searches

(3)

Automobile Searches

(2)

Open-Field Searches

(1)

Beginning the Search

(2)

Search Patterns

(1)

Searching the Scene

(1)

Rules for Collecting Evidence

(1)

Gathering and Preserving Evidence

(4)

The Chain of Custody

(1)

Marking the Evidence

(2)

Special Cases in Evidence Handling

(5)

Infected Evidence

(1)

Firearms

(1)

Bullets, Cartridges, and Empty Cases

(1)

Stains

(1)

Glass

(1)

Impressions

(1)

Drugs

(1)

Plant Material

(1)

Powdered Material

(1)

Liquid Material

(1)

Tablets or Capsules

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

(1)

Important Cases to Remember

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Class Project

(1)

Identification of Criminal Suspects

(36)

Introduction

(1)

The Role of the Crime Laboratory

(4)

Trace Evidence

(1)

Questioned Documents

(1)

Forensic Chemistry

(1)

DNA Analysis

(1)

Ballistics

(1)

Latent Prints

(1)

Forensic Photography

100

(1)

Specialized Laboratory Equipment

100

(1)

Fingerprinting

100

(7)

The History of Fingerprinting

101

(2)

Types of Prints

103

(1)

Types of Patterns

104

(2)

Searching for Prints

106

(1)

Developing Latent Fingerprints

107

(7)

Powders

107

(1)

Iodine

108

(1)

Ninhydrin

109

(1)

Silver Nitrate Solution

109

(2)

Superglue Fuming

111

(1)

Lasers

111

(1)

Preservation of Fingerprints

112

(1)

Prints from Gloves

113

(1)

Computerized Fingerprints: The AFIS System

114

(1)

How AFIS Works

114

(1)

The Genetic Fingerprint: DNA

114

(4)

What Is DNA?

115

(1)

DNA's History

116

(2)

Analyzing DNA

118

(4)

Admissibility of DNA as Evidence

119

(2)

Other Uses of DNA

121

(1)

Handwriting Analysis

122

(3)

Collection of Exemplars

123

(1)

The Writing Medium

124

(1)

The Writing Area

125

(1)

Criminal Composites

125

(1)

Personality Profiling

125

(2)

Police Lineups

127

(2)

The Photo Lineup

129

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

129

(1)

Discussion Questions

129

(1)

Class Project

130

(1)

The Criminal Intelligence Function

131

(13)

Introduction

131

(1)

Overt and Covert Intelligence Collection

131

(1)

Criminal Intelligence and Criminal Investigation

132

(1)

Defining Criminal Intelligence

132

(1)

Types of Intelligence

133

(1)

Procedures for Intelligence Gathering

133

(4)

Phase 1: Target Selection

134

(2)

Phase 2: Data Collection

136

(1)

Phase 3: Data Collation and Analysis

137

(1)

Phase 4: Dissemination

137

(1)

Analyzing the Information

137

(4)

Link Analysis

138

(1)

Flowcharting

139

(2)

The RISS Projects

141

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

142

(1)

Discussion Questions

142

(1)

Class Project

143

(1)

Undercover and Surveillance Operations

144

(22)

Introduction

144

(1)

Overview

145

(1)

Undercover Operations

146

(2)

Preparing for Undercover Assignments

148

(1)

Personnel Considerations

148

(1)

Functions of UC Officers

149

(1)

Equipment

149

(1)

Vehicles

150

(1)

Support Officer Vehicles

150

(1)

Undercover Officer Vehicles

150

(1)

The Undercover Working Environment

150

(5)

The Cover Story

151

(1)

Protecting the Undercover Officer's Cover

151

(2)

Infiltration

153

(2)

Surveillance Operations

155

(9)

Preparing for the Surveillance

155

(1)

Foot Surveillance

156

(2)

Difficulties in Surveillance Operations

158

(1)

Vehicle Surveillance

159

(1)

Fixed Surveillance

160

(1)

Satellite Assisted Surveillance

161

(3)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

164

(1)

Discussion Questions

164

(1)

Class Project

164

(2)

Making an Arrest

166

(16)

Introduction

166

(1)

Defining Arrest

166

(4)

What Is an Arrest?

167

(1)

The Legal Arrest

167

(1)

Detention versus Arrest

168

(1)

Investigatory Stops

169

(1)

When Is a Person Under Arrest?

170

(2)

Use of Force

172

(5)

Defining Use of Force

174

(1)

Understanding Reasonableness

175

(1)

Levels of Force

176

(1)

Deadly Force

177

(2)

The Fleeing-Felon Rule

177

(1)

The Deadly Force Triangle

178

(1)

Off-Duty Arrests

179

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

180

(1)

Discussion Questions

180

(1)

Class Project

180

(2)

Interviews and Interrogations

182

(28)

Introduction

182

(1)

Interview versus Interrogation

182

(1)

The Interview Process

183

(5)

Interviewing Witnesses, Citizens, and Victims

183

(5)

The Suspect Interrogation Process

188

(1)

Goals of the Interrogation

188

(1)

Legal Requirements of the Interrogation

189

(1)

Safeguarding Against Police Misconduct

189

(5)

Coercion and Duress

190

(1)

Unreasonable Delay in Arraignments

190

(1)

The Suspect's Right to Legal Counsel

190

(4)

Preparation for the Interrogation

194

(1)

The Interrogation Setting

194

(1)

The Interrogation Procedure

195

(3)

Interrogation Styles

196

(1)

Verbal Symptoms of Deception

196

(2)

Why Suspects Cooperate and Confess

198

(2)

Searching for Information

199

(1)

Closing the Communication Gap

199

(1)

Admission versus Confession

200

(1)

Written Statements

200

(1)

Structuring the Written Statement

201

(1)

Tape-Recorded Statements

201

(2)

The Recording Procedure

202

(1)

Videotaped Confessions

203

(1)

Recap Bias

203

(1)

Framing the Tapes

204

(1)

Use of the Polygraph

204

(3)

Accuracy of the Polygraph

205

(1)

Administration of the Polygraph Exam

205

(1)

Admissibility of Polygraph Results

206

(1)

The Voice Stress Analyzer

207

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

208

(1)

Discussion Questions

208

(1)

Class Project

208

(2)

Development and Management of Informants

210

(14)

Introduction

210

(3)

Who Are Informants?

213

(2)

Utilizing the Informant

214

(1)

Informant Motivations

215

(1)

Documenting Your ``Source''

216

(2)

Maintaining Control of the Informant

218

(1)

Protecting the Informant's Identity

219

(1)

Legal Considerations

219

(2)

Federal Protection of the Informant

221

(1)

Other Problems with Informants

221

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

222

(1)

Discussion Questions

222

(1)

Class Project

222

(2)

PART 3 INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE

224

(114)

Wrongful Death

224

(29)

Introduction

224

(1)

Murder and Non-Negligent Manslaughter

224

(3)

Trends

225

(1)

Arrests

225

(2)

Modes of Death

227

(1)

Legal Characteristics of Homicide

227

(2)

Elements of Homicide

228

(1)

The Preliminary Investigation

229

(1)

Protecting the Crime Scene

229

(1)

Taking Notes at the Scene

230

(1)

Identifying the Victim

230

(1)

The Deceased Victim

230

(1)

The Victim Who Is Still Alive

231

(1)

Obtaining a Dying Declaration

231

(1)

Estimating the Time of Death

231

(6)

Changes in the Body

234

(3)

Insects

237

(1)

Animals

237

(1)

Bodies Found in Water

237

(1)

Gunshot Wounds as Evidence

237

(5)

Entrance Wounds

240

(1)

Exit Wounds

240

(1)

Smudging

240

(1)

Tattooing

240

(1)

Defense Wounds

240

(1)

Shotgun Wounds

241

(1)

Pitfalls in Homicide Investigations

242

(1)

Serial, Mass, and Sensational Murders

243

(1)

National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime

243

(3)

VI-CAP

246

(1)

Autoerotic Death

246

(2)

Suicide

248

(3)

Evidence of Suicide

248

(1)

The Suicide Note

249

(1)

Reconstructing the Death

250

(1)

Instruments of the Killing

250

(1)

Motives for Suicide

250

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

251

(1)

Discussion Questions

251

(1)

Class Project

252

(1)

Robbery

253

(16)

Introduction

253

(1)

Robbery Offenses

253

(4)

Understanding Robbery

254

(1)

Defining Robbery

254

(1)

Trends

255

(1)

Clearances

256

(1)

Arrests

256

(1)

Consequences of Robbery

256

(1)

Elements of Robbery

256

(1)

Types of Robbery

257

(5)

Commercial Robberies: Stores and Banks

257

(1)

Street Robberies

258

(1)

Residential Robberies

259

(1)

School Robberies

259

(1)

Vehicle Robberies

260

(1)

Types of Robbers

261

(1)

The First Officer on the Scene

262

(1)

The Preliminary Investigation

263

(1)

The Neighborhood Canvas

264

(1)

The Robber's Method of Operation

264

(1)

Physical Evidence

265

(1)

The Role of Witnesses

266

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

267

(1)

Discussion Questions

267

(1)

Class Project

267

(2)

Assault and Related Offenses

269

(18)

Introduction

269

(1)

Legal Classifications of Assault

270

(3)

Simple Assault

270

(1)

Aggravated Assault

270

(1)

Trends

271

(1)

Clearances

271

(1)

Arrests

272

(1)

Self-Defense

273

(1)

The Preliminary Investigation

273

(2)

Documenting the Elements of Assault

274

(1)

Protecting the Crime Scene

274

(1)

Initial Questioning

274

(1)

Searching the Crime Scene

275

(1)

Domestic Violence

275

(3)

The Investigative Response to Domestic Violence

276

(1)

Legal Approaches to Domestic Violence

277

(1)

Elder Abuse

278

(2)

Stalking

280

(5)

Who Stalks Whom?

281

(1)

Forms of Stalking

282

(1)

Occurrence of Stalking

283

(1)

The Investigative Response to Stalking

284

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

285

(1)

Discussion Questions

285

(1)

Class Project

285

(2)

Sex Offenses

287

(24)

Introduction

287

(1)

The Role of the Sex-Crime Investigator

288

(1)

Nuisance Sex Offenses

288

(3)

Exhibitionism

289

(1)

Voyeurism: The Peeping Tom

289

(1)

Pyromania: The Fire-Starter

289

(1)

Fetishism

290

(1)

The Obscene Phone Caller

290

(1)

Forcible Rape

291

(4)

Trends

292

(1)

Clearances

293

(1)

Arrests

293

(1)

Legal Aspects of Rape

294

(1)

Date Rape

295

(1)

The Initial Interview of the Rape Victim

295

(1)

The Follow-up Interview of the Rape Victim

296

(2)

Evidence in Rape Cases

298

(3)

The Rape Evidence Kit

299

(1)

The Medical Examination

300

(1)

Profiling the Rapist

301

(7)

The Power-Reassurance (Manhood) Rapist

301

(4)

The Power-Assertive Rapist

305

(1)

The Anger-Retaliatory Rapist

305

(1)

The Anger-Excitation Rapist

306

(1)

The Rapist's Approach

307

(1)

Methods of Control

307

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

308

(1)

Discussion Questions

308

(1)

Class Projects

309

(2)

Child Abuse and Neglect

311

(27)

Introduction

311

(1)

Assaults Against Children

312

(3)

Battered Child Syndrome

312

(2)

Recognizing Abuse

314

(1)

Taking the Initial Report

314

(1)

The Initial Police Response to Child Abuse

315

(1)

Steps in Investigating Battered Child Syndrome

315

(3)

Interviews with Medical Personnel

316

(1)

Other Important Sources of Information

316

(1)

Consultation with Experts

317

(1)

Interviews with Caretakers

317

(1)

The Crime Scene Investigation

317

(1)

Investigator Guidelines for Child Homicide

318

(4)

Shaken Baby Syndrome

319

(1)

Munchhausen Syndrome by Proxy

320

(1)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

321

(1)

Conclusion

321

(1)

Sexual Abuse of Children

322

(6)

The 2003 Child Protection Act (Amber Alerts)

323

(1)

The Preliminary Investigation

324

(1)

Interviewing the Child Victim

324

(3)

Closing the Interview

327

(1)

Children as Witnesses

328

(1)

The Child Molester

329

(1)

Investigating the Molester

330

(2)

Premeditation and Intent

331

(1)

Investigating Missing and Abducted Children

332

(3)

Kidnapping via the Internet

333

(1)

Interviewing Suspects

334

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

335

(1)

Discussion Questions

335

(1)

Class Project

336

(2)

PART 4 PROPERTY CRIMES

338

(81)

Burglary

338

(15)

Introduction

338

(1)

Burglary

338

(6)

Trends

339

(1)

Offense Analysis

339

(1)

Clearances

340

(1)

Arrests

340

(2)

Burglary versus Robbery

342

(1)

Why Criminals Burglarize

342

(1)

Elements of Burglary

343

(1)

How a Thief Works

343

(1)

Types of Burglaries

344

(1)

ATM Burglaries

344

(1)

Types of Burglars

344

(1)

The Amateur Burglar

345

(1)

The Professional Burglar

345

(1)

The Preliminary Investigation

345

(4)

Indications of Burglary

346

(1)

Approach with Caution!

346

(1)

Physical Evidence

346

(1)

Possession of Burglary Tools

347

(2)

Safe Burglaries

349

(1)

Tracing Stolen Property

350

(1)

The Fence

350

(1)

Proving the Receipt of Stolen Property

350

(1)

Circumstantial Evidence

351

(1)

Burglary Prevention Through Proactive Patrol

351

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

352

(1)

Discussion Questions

352

(1)

Class Project

352

(1)

Larceny--Theft

353

(16)

Introduction

353

(1)

Larceny--Theft Offenses

353

(4)

Trends

354

(2)

Clearances

356

(1)

Arrests

356

(1)

Forgery and Fraud

357

(3)

Check Fraud

357

(2)

Investigating Check Forgery

359

(1)

Embezzlement

360

(3)

Investigating Embezzlement

361

(1)

Categories of Embezzlement

362

(1)

Credit Card Fraud

363

(2)

Obtaining Cards

364

(1)

Using Stolen Cards

364

(1)

Investigating Credit Card Theft

364

(1)

Shoplifting

365

(2)

Investigating Shoplifting

366

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

367

(1)

Discussion Questions

367

(1)

Class Project

367

(2)

Motor Vehicle Theft

369

(22)

Introduction

369

(1)

Motor Vehicle Theft Offenses

369

(4)

Trends

370

(1)

Offense Analysis

371

(1)

Clearances

371

(1)

Arrests

371

(2)

Motivations for Motor Vehicle Theft

373

(4)

Joyriding

373

(1)

Theft for Resale

374

(1)

Transportation for Other Crimes

374

(1)

Stripping and Chop-Shop Operations

374

(3)

The Preliminary Investigation

377

(1)

The Investigative Traffic Stop

377

(1)

The Vehicle Identification Number

378

(1)

History of the VIN

378

(1)

How the VIN Works

378

(1)

The Altered VIN

379

(1)

Disguising the Stolen Vehicle

379

(1)

The Salvage Switch Method

379

(1)

The Modified VIN Technique

379

(1)

The Bogus VIN

380

(1)

The Rip-Off

380

(1)

Tools of the Trade

381

(1)

Recognizing the Stolen Vehicle

381

(2)

The Usefulness of Alarms

383

(1)

Carjacking

383

(2)

Theft of Off-Road Machinery

385

(1)

Motor Vehicle Fraud

386

(1)

Methods of Fraud

386

(1)

Stolen Motorcycles

387

(1)

The Motorcycle VIN

388

(1)

Methods of Motorcycle Theft

388

(1)

The NATB

388

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

389

(1)

Discussion Questions

389

(1)

Class Project

389

(2)

Arson and Bombings

391

(28)

Introduction

391

(1)

Arson Offenses

391

(3)

Comparative Rates

392

(1)

Trends

392

(1)

Clearances

392

(1)

Arrests

392

(2)

Elements of Arson

394

(1)

Legal Categories

394

(1)

The Police and Fire Alliance

394

(1)

Arson Investigative Techniques

395

(1)

The Preliminary Investigation of Arson

396

(5)

Identify the Point of Origin

397

(1)

Search for Flammable Liquids

398

(1)

Observe the Span of the Fire

398

(1)

Photograph the Scene

398

(1)

Identify Plants or Trailers

398

(1)

Question Witnesses

399

(1)

Observe Alligatoring

399

(1)

Other Clues

400

(1)

Motivations of the Arsonist

401

(4)

Arson for Profit

402

(1)

Arson for Revenge

403

(1)

Arson for Vandalism

403

(1)

Arson for Crime Concealment

404

(1)

Pyromania

404

(1)

Serial Fire Setters

405

(1)

Profiling the Fire-Starter

405

(1)

The Role of the Insurance Industry

406

(1)

Prosecution of Arson Cases

407

(1)

Bombing Incidents

408

(3)

What Is a Bomb?

409

(1)

Teen Bombings

410

(1)

Investigating the Bomb Threat

411

(4)

The Written Bomb Threat

413

(1)

Booby Traps

413

(1)

Safety Precautions

413

(2)

Bomb Search Techniques

415

(1)

First Room-Searching Sweep

415

(1)

Second Room-Searching Sweep

416

(1)

Third Room-Searching Sweep

416

(1)

Fourth Room-Searching Sweep

416

(1)

When a Bomb Is Found

416

(1)

Handling the Media

417

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

417

(1)

Discussion Questions

417

(1)

Class Project

418

(1)

PART 5 VICE CRIMES AND RELATED OFFENSES

419

(59)

Drug Offenses

419

(31)

Introduction

419

(2)

Principal Drugs of Abuse

421

(9)

Characteristics of Drugs

421

(1)

Cannabis

422

(1)

Narcotics

422

(2)

Stimulants

424

(2)

Hallucinogens

426

(1)

Depressants

427

(2)

Designer Drugs

429

(1)

The General Structure of Drug Laws

430

(1)

The 1970 Controlled Substances Act

430

(2)

Initiating Drug Cases

432

(1)

Confidential Informants

432

(2)

Case Planning

434

(1)

Investigation of an Illegal Drug Laboratory

435

(1)

The Drug Raid

436

(3)

Purpose of the Raid

436

(1)

Team Personnel

436

(1)

Preraid Planning

437

(1)

Raid Execution

437

(2)

Reverse String Drug Operations

439

(5)

Planning the Reverse Sting

440

(1)

Manpower Considerations

440

(2)

Conducting the Sting

442

(2)

Pharmaceutical Diversion

444

(1)

Diversion by Legal Registrants

444

(1)

Diversion by Street Criminals

445

(1)

Extraordinary Drug Enforcement Techniques

445

(4)

Drug Courier Profiling

446

(1)

Asset Forfeiture

447

(2)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

449

(1)

Discussion Questions

449

(1)

Class Project

449

(1)

White-Collar Crime

450

(28)

Introduction

450

(1)

Defining White-Collar Crime

451

(1)

Corporate Crime

452

(1)

Money Laundering

453

(7)

The History of Money Laundering

453

(2)

Combatting the Money-Laundering Problem

455

(1)

Techniques of Money Laundering

456

(4)

Confidence Games

460

(5)

The Pigeon Drop

460

(1)

The Bank Examiner Scheme

461

(1)

The Pyramid ``Get Rich Quick'' Scheme

461

(2)

Travel Scams

463

(1)

Home Repair Scams

464

(1)

Contest Cons

464

(1)

The Magazine Subscription Scam

464

(1)

Computer Crime

465

(11)

Defining Computer Crime

467

(1)

The Nature of the Crime

467

(1)

Computer Crime Investigations

468

(1)

Classification of Computer Crimes

468

(1)

Typical Forms of Computer Crimes

469

(3)

Automatic Teller Machine Frauds

472

(1)

The Preliminary Investigation of Computer Crimes

472

(1)

Evidence Considerations

473

(2)

Profile of the Computer Criminal

475

(1)

Interviewing the Computer Crime Suspect

475

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

476

(1)

Discussion Questions

476

(1)

Class Project

476

(2)

PART 6 PROSECUTION

478

(13)

Preparation for Court

478

(13)

Introduction

478

(1)

Pretrial Procedures

478

(4)

The Pretrial Conference

479

(1)

Going to Court

479

(3)

The Criminal Trial Process

482

(2)

Selection of the Jury

482

(1)

Opening Statements

482

(1)

Direct Examination

482

(1)

Cross-Examination

483

(1)

Objections

483

(1)

Closing Arguments

483

(1)

Jury Instructions and the Verdict

484

(1)

Witness Preparation

484

(2)

The Investigator as a Professional Witness

486

(2)

Preparing for Court

486

(1)

Reviewing Evidence and Reports

486

(1)

Credibility as a Witness

487

(1)

Courtroom Demeanor

487

(1)

Giving a Positive Impression

488

(1)

The Role of the Expert Witness

488

(2)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

490

(1)

Discussion Questions

490

(1)

Class Project

490

(1)

Appendix A Physical Evidence

491

(16)

Appendix B Cases

507

(4)

Glossary

511

(14)

Index

525

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Criminal Investigation: The Art And The Science

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials