Criminal Law and Procedure for the Paralegal

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ISBN: 9780766822795 | 0766822796
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 8/19/2002

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Providing an in-depth look at one of the most fascinating areas of legal practice, this book presents the real world of prosecutors, defense attorneys and paralegals in criminal law. Drawing on his experience as a criminal defense attorney, an assistant district attorney, and a college instructor, the author brings a review of criminal law alive. Actual examples of criminal cases are investigated and explained, defenses are explored, and appellate processes are examined. In the initial chapters, readers are introduced to the foundations of criminal law and basic facts about three cases are presented. Each chapter then continues the account of the three prosecutions to illustrate chapter concepts. Significant supreme court case decisions and their applicability to criminal law are also analyzed, making this book a useful reference for paralegals.

Preface

xxv

An Introduction to Criminal Law

(22)

Introduction: The Drama of a Criminal Trial

(1)

An Overview of a Criminal Case

(1)

The Various Participants in the Criminal Justice System

(1)

Criminal Trials are Often Dramatic

(1)

What Is Criminal Law and How Is It Different from Civil Law?

(6)

United States v. Timothy McVeigh

(1)

The Crucial Difference Is the Outcome

(1)

Burden of Proof Is Different

(1)

Parties are Different

(1)

Classes of Crimes: Felonies v. Misdemeanors

(1)

The Government's Power to Bring Criminal Actions

(1)

The Organization of the Federal Government

(1)

Separation of Powers Among the Branches

(1)

The Three Branches of State Government

(1)

Criminal Statutes

(1)

The Federal and State Court Systems

(3)

The Hierarchy of Courts

(3)

State Prosecutions v. Federal Prosecutions

(1)

Common Law

(3)

``Possession is Nine-tenths of the Law''

(1)

The Importance of Common Law

(1)

Common Law Crimes v. Statutory Crimes

(1)

The Uses of Common Law

(1)

The Participants in the Criminal Justice System

(4)

Defendants

(1)

Police

(1)

Judges

(1)

Prosecutors

(1)

Defense Attorneys

(1)

Paralegals

(1)

Clerks of Court

(1)

Probation Officers

(1)

Other Personnel

(1)

Ethical Consideration: Paralegals and Ethics

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Questions for Reflection

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

(1)

Practical Applications

(1)

Arrest, Search, and Seizure

(28)

Introduction

(1)

Arrest

(2)

What Is Arrest?

(1)

Arrests by Police Officers

(1)

Citizen's Arrest

(1)

How an Arrest Is Carried Out

(1)

Why is the Question of When the Suspect Was Under Arrest So Important?

(1)

Probable Cause

(10)

Degree of Proof Is Not as High as Proving the Defendant Guilty

(1)

Different Types of Interaction Between Police and Civilians

(1)

Stop and Frisk

(1)

Probable Cause Is Required in Full Detention

(1)

Probable Cause and Warrants

(1)

Probable Cause and Consent

(1)

Specific Acts that Give Rise to Probable Cause

(4)

Probable Cause and Exigent Circumstances

(1)

Probable Cause and ``Gut Feeling'' or Hunches

(1)

Probable Cause and the Drug Courier Profile

(1)

Arrest and Search Warrants

(10)

Warrants Required only for ``Government'' Conduct

(1)

Applying for a Search Warrant

(2)

Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement

(2)

Advanced Technology Does Not Create an Exception to the Search Warrant Requirement

(4)

Limitations on Search Warrants

(1)

Penalty for an Unconstitutional Search: ``The Exclusionary Rule''

(1)

Ethical Consideration: Special Issues for the Prosecution Paralegal

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Questions for Reflection

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

(1)

Practical Applications

(2)

Post Arrest and Grand Jury

(24)

Introduction: After the Arrest

(1)

Initial Appearance

(2)

Right to Counsel at the Initial Appearance (Preliminary Examination)

(1)

The Purpose of the Initial Appearance

(1)

Appointment of a Defense Attorney

(1)

Bail Bond

(1)

Preliminary Hearings

(3)

The Purpose of a Preliminary Hearing

(1)

Procedure at the Preliminary Hearing

(1)

Evidentiary Rules at the Preliminary Hearing

(1)

Preliminary Hearing Calendars or Dockets

(1)

The Decision at the Preliminary Hearing

(1)

Negotiations at the Preliminary Hearing

(1)

The Prosecutor's Office

(4)

The Prosecutor's Role

(1)

The District Attorney's Staff

(2)

Specialized Prosecution Teams

(1)

Victim-Witness Offices

(1)

Investigating a Case-The Prosecutor's Perspective

(1)

Indictment

(1)

Accusation or Information

(1)

Indictment

(1)

The Grand Jury

(9)

The Purpose of the Grand Jury

(1)

Composition of the Grand Jury

(2)

Functions of the Grand Jury

(1)

Presenting a Case Before the Grand Jury

(1)

Testifying Before the Grand Jury

(1)

Pleading the ``Fifth''

(1)

Contempt Powers of the Grand Jury

(1)

Granting Immunity

(1)

Grand Jury Procedures

(1)

After the Grand Jury Indictment

(1)

Defense Preparation

(3)

Ethical Consideration: How Ethical Rules Affect Attorneys and Paralegals

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Questions for Reflection

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

(1)

Practical Applications

(1)

Evidentiary Issues in Prosecution

(20)

Sample Case Excerpt: The Kline Case

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Admissibility

(1)

Classifying Evidence: Direct and Circumstantial

(3)

Classifications of Direct Evidence

(1)

Evidence Used to Identify the Defendant

(1)

Sample Case Excerpt: Fortner Case

(3)

The Importance of an Eyewitness Identification

(1)

Constitutional Limits on Lineups

(2)

Other Evidentiary Issues

(6)

DNA

(1)

Case Excerpt: Use of DNA

(2)

Fingerprinting

(1)

Blood Testing

(1)

Polygraph Tests

(1)

Voice Testing

(1)

Admitting Evidence: Foundation Questions

(2)

Chain of Custody Requirements

(1)

The Exclusionary Rule

(1)

How the Jury Uses Physical Evidence

(1)

Ethical Consideration: The Attorney-Client Privilege

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Questions for Reflection

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

(1)

Practical Applications

(2)

Interrogation, Confessions, and Miranda

(16)

Sample Case Excerpt: The Kline Case

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Interrogation, Confessions, and Miranda

(3)

Background on the Miranda Case

(1)

The Miranda Rights

(1)

Exceptions to Miranda

(1)

Miranda and Reinitiating Questioning

(1)

When Questioning Must Cease

(1)

Voluntary Statements

(1)

Use of Trickery or Deceit

(1)

Case Excerpt: The ``Christian Burial'' Case; Brewer v. Williams, 97 S. Ct. 1232 (1977)

(4)

When Miranda is Violated

103

(1)

The Art of Interrogation

103

(2)

Psychological Profiling of a Suspect

103

(1)

Custodial Interrogations: Not Free to Leave

104

(1)

``Picking Up'' a Suspect for Questioning

105

(1)

What Is a Suspect Required to Say to the Police?

105

(1)

When the Suspect Requests a Lawyer

105

(1)

Confessions

105

(3)

Jackson v. Denno Hearing

106

(2)

Ethical Consideration: National Paralegal Associations

108

(1)

Chapter Summary

109

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

109

(1)

Review Questions

109

(1)

Questions for Reflection

110

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

110

(1)

Practical Applications

110

(1)

Arraignment and Discovery

111

(24)

The Arraignment

111

(4)

Public Defenders

112

(1)

Procedure at the Arraignment

112

(1)

Bench Warrants

112

(2)

The Importance of the Arraignment

114

(1)

Plea Bargaining

115

(5)

Most Cases End in the Defendant's Guilty Plea

115

(1)

Why Would a Prosecutor Plea Bargain a Case?

115

(1)

The Rationale Behind Plea Bargaining: Trials Are Expensive

116

(1)

Other Reasons to Plea Bargain: The State's Case Is Weak

116

(1)

The Defendant Has the Final Say on the Plea Bargain

116

(1)

Presenting the Plea Bargain: Bench Conferences

116

(1)

The Procedure Involved in Tendering a Guilty Plea

117

(3)

Pleading Not Guilty at Arraignment

120

(1)

Pre-Trial Motions and Discovery

120

(6)

Use of Depositions in Criminal Cases

121

(1)

Limited Discovery in Misdemeanor Cases

122

(1)

Discovery Not Automatic in All States

122

(1)

Bill of Particulars

122

(1)

Changes to Discovery Laws

123

(1)

Types of Discovery Normally Produced by the State

124

(1)

Types of Information Not Discoverable

124

(1)

Open File Policy

125

(1)

Discovery Material Required by the U.S. Supreme Court: Brady Material

125

(1)

Pre-Trial Motions

126

(5)

Motion to Suppress

126

(1)

Motion in Limine

127

(1)

Other Motions

127

(2)

Arguing Motions

129

(2)

Ethical Consideration: When the Prosecutor Knows She Cannot Prove Her Case

131

(1)

Chapter Summary

132

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

132

(1)

Review Questions

133

(1)

Questions for Reflection

133

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

133

(1)

Practical Applications

134

(1)

Principals, Accessories, and Attempt

135

(16)

Introduction

135

(1)

Principals and Accessories

136

(2)

Principal in the First Degree

136

(1)

Principal in the Second Degree

137

(1)

Accessory Before the Fact

137

(1)

Accessory After the Fact

137

(1)

What If the Principal Is Found Not Guilty?

138

(1)

Conspiracy

138

(5)

The Elements of a Conspiracy

139

(2)

Prosecuting and Defending a Conspiracy Case

141

(1)

Conspirators: How Are They Different From Accomplices or Accessories?

141

(1)

An Exception to Conspiracy: ``Wharton's Rule''

141

(1)

Organized Crime

142

(1)

Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO)

142

(1)

Gangs

143

(1)

Solicitation

143

(1)

Comparing Solicitation to Conspiracy

143

(1)

Case Excerpt: Solicitation v. Conspiracy

143

(1)

Attempt: When the Crime is Not Completed

144

(2)

Substantial Step

145

(1)

Prosecuting a Charge of Attempt

145

(1)

Defending a Charge of Attempt

146

(1)

Ethical Consideration: Unauthorized Practice of Law

146

(1)

Chapter Summary

147

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

147

(1)

Review Questions

148

(1)

Questions for Reflection

148

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

148

(1)

Practical Applications

149

(2)

Crimes Against the Person

151

(28)

Introduction

151

(1)

Homicide

151

(1)

Sample Case Excerpt: the Kline Case

152

(12)

Intent: Mens Rea and Actus Reus

152

(2)

Mens Rea and Specific Intent in Murder Cases

154

(1)

Premeditated Murder

154

(1)

Classifying Murder by ``Degrees''

155

(3)

Motive

158

(1)

Corpus Delicti

158

(1)

Felony-Murder Doctrine

159

(1)

Second-Degree Murder or ``Malice Murder''

160

(1)

Manslaughter

160

(4)

Suicide

164

(1)

``Assisted Suicide'' and Dr. Kevorkian

164

(1)

Assault and Related Offenses

165

(5)

Assault

165

(1)

Simple Battery

166

(1)

Aggravated Assault or Aggravated Battery

167

(1)

Domestic Violence

168

(1)

Child Abuse

168

(2)

Elder Abuse

170

(1)

Mayhem

170

(1)

Kidnapping

170

(2)

Unlawful Taking and Confinement

171

(1)

Asportation

171

(1)

By Use of Force, Threat, Fraud, or Deception

171

(1)

Aggravating Circumstances in Kidnapping

172

(1)

Lawful Restraint

172

(1)

False Imprisonment

172

(1)

Lesser-Included Offenses

173

(1)

Stalking

173

(2)

The Elements of Stalking

173

(2)

Ethical Consideration: Legal Assistants Who Can Appear in Court

175

(1)

Chapter Summary

176

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

176

(1)

Review Questions

176

(1)

Questions for Reflection

177

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

177

(1)

Practical Applications

177

(2)

Sex-Related Crimes

179

(20)

Introduction

179

(1)

Rape

180

(7)

Unlawful Carnal Knowledge

180

(2)

Forcibly and Against Her Will-Without Consent

182

(1)

Gathering Evidence in a Rape Prosecution

183

(1)

Gender Bias in Rape Statutes?

183

(1)

Rape Under the Common Law

184

(1)

Psychological Impact of the Sexual Assault

185

(1)

Rape Shield Statutes

185

(1)

Cross-Examining the Rape Victim

186

(1)

Aggravated Sexual Assault

187

(1)

Date Rape

187

(1)

Other Sexual Offenses

187

(3)

Statutory Rape

187

(1)

Fornication

188

(1)

Adultery

189

(1)

Cohabitation

189

(1)

Sodomy

189

(1)

Case Excerpt: Bowers v. Hardwick

190

(4)

Indecent Exposure

192

(1)

Incest

192

(1)

Voyeurism or ``Peeping Tom'' Statutes

192

(1)

Sexual Harassment

192

(2)

Obscenity

194

(1)

Child Molestation

194

(1)

Enticing a Minor for Immoral Purposes

194

(1)

Internet Enticement of Children

195

(1)

Ethical Consideration: Conflicts Check

195

(1)

Chapter Summary

196

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

197

(1)

Review Questions

197

(1)

Questions for Reflection

197

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

197

(1)

Practical Applications

198

(1)

Crimes Against Property

199

(21)

Introduction

199

(1)

Burglary

199

(2)

Breaking and Entering

200

(1)

Building or Occupied Structure

200

(1)

Without Consent or Permission

201

(1)

With Intent to Commit a Theft or Felony

201

(1)

Common-Law Burglary

201

(1)

Arson

201

(2)

Malice Required

201

(1)

New Statutory Approaches to Arson

202

(1)

Using Arson to Defraud Insurance Companies

202

(1)

Arson in the First Degree

202

(1)

Theft

203

(5)

Larceny

203

(2)

Monetary Amounts

205

(1)

Theft by Shoplifting

206

(1)

Theft by Receiving Stolen Property

206

(1)

Theft of Services

207

(1)

Embezzlement

208

(1)

``Grand Larceny'' or ``Grand Theft''

208

(1)

Robbery

208

(2)

From the Person of the Victim, Without the Victim's Consent

209

(1)

Asportation

209

(1)

Through Force, Threat, or Intimidation

209

(1)

Armed Robbery

209

(1)

Fraud and False Pretenses

210

(6)

Forgery

210

(2)

Bad Check

212

(1)

Credit Card Theft and Fraud

212

(1)

Counterfeiting

213

(1)

White-Collar Crime

213

(3)

Ethical Consideration: Contact with Witnesses What You Should (and Should Not) Tell Them

216

(1)

Chapter Summary

217

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

218

(1)

Review Questions

218

(1)

Questions for Reflection

218

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

218

(1)

Practical Applications

219

(1)

Crimes Against Public Order, Morality, and Health

220

(23)

Crimes Against Public Health and Morality

220

(1)

Prostitution

220

(1)

Indecent Exposure

221

(1)

Constitutional Limits on Certain Crimes

221

(2)

Pornography and Obscenity

221

(1)

Child Pornography

222

(1)

Other Crimes Against Public Morality: Gambling

223

(1)

Drug Crimes

223

(4)

Controlled Substances

223

(1)

Narcotics

224

(1)

Schedules

224

(1)

Sale of Controlled Substances

224

(1)

Proving the Substance is a Narcotic

224

(1)

Possession

225

(2)

Driving Under the Influence

227

(1)

Prosecuting Drunk Driving

228

(1)

Proving Drunk Driving

228

(1)

Crimes Against Administration of Justice

228

(3)

Bribery

229

(1)

Commercial Bribery

229

(1)

Perjury

229

(1)

Resisting Arrest

230

(1)

Obstruction of Justice

230

(1)

Invasion of Privacy: Use of Wiretap and Eavesdropping

230

(1)

Jury Tampering

231

(1)

Witness Tampering

231

(1)

Crimes Against Public Order

231

(3)

Carrying Concealed Weapons

231

(1)

Public Fighting or ``Affray''

232

(1)

Terrorism

233

(1)

Riot

234

(1)

Riot and Unlawful Assembly

234

(1)

Unlawful Assembly

234

(1)

Case Excerpt: Brandenburg v. Ohio, 89 S. Ct. 1827 (1969)

234

(5)

Disorderly Conduct or disturbing the Peace

236

(1)

Threats

237

(1)

Harassment

237

(1)

Vagrancy and Loitering

237

(1)

Public Drunkenness

238

(1)

Begging or Panhandling

238

(1)

Tax Crimes

238

(1)

Cruelty to Animals

238

(1)

Ethical Consideration: Freelance Paralegals

239

(1)

Chapter Summary

240

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

240

(1)

Review Questions

240

(1)

Questions for Reflection

241

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

241

(1)

Practical Applications

241

(2)

Rights Associated with the Trial

243

(26)

Introduction

243

(1)

The Sixth Amendment and the Right to Attorney

244

(1)

The Sixth Amendment and the Right to Trial by Jury

244

(2)

Does a Defendant Always Have the Right to a Trial by Jury?

244

(1)

Legislature Determines the Maximum Sentence

245

(1)

Felonies v. Misdemeanors

246

(1)

The Sixth Amendment and the Right to a Public Trial

246

(2)

Closing a Criminal Trial to the Public

246

(1)

Cannot Close Jury Selection to the Public

247

(1)

Cannot Close Preliminary Hearings to the Public

247

(1)

Public Trials and the Right of the Press

247

(1)

Case Excerpt: Richmond Newspapers, Inc v. Virginia

248

(2)

The Number of Jurors Used in a Trial

249

(1)

Case Excerpt: The Supreme Court Addresses the Issue of Nonunanimous Verdicts

250

(3)

Other Rights Guaranteed in a Trial

253

(3)

Confrontation

253

(1)

Right of Cross-Examination

254

(1)

Other Rights: Defendant Has the Right to be Present at the Trial

254

(1)

Putting the Defendant on Trial in Prison Clothes

255

(1)

Other Rights: The Presumption of Innocence, etc.

256

(3)

Inferences and Presumptions

256

(1)

Prosecutor Cannot Comment on the Defendant's Silence

257

(1)

State Must Prove the Defendant Is Guilty Beyond a Reasonable Doubt

257

(1)

The Right to a Speedy Trial

258

(1)

The Right to be represented by an Attorney at Trial

259

(1)

Gideon v. Wainwright

259

(1)

Court-Appointed Attorney v. Public Defender

260

(1)

When the Defendant Cannot Afford an Attorney

260

(1)

Right of a Defendant to Represent Him

261

Case Excerpt: U.S. Supreme Court on the Right of Representation

259

(3)

Prosecuting a Pro Se Defendant

262

(1)

Other Rights: The Right to Present Evidence and Witnesses

262

(1)

Ethical Consideration: Should you ask the Defendant If He Committed the Crime?

262

(1)

Chapter Summary

263

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

264

(1)

Review Questions

264

(1)

Questions for Reflection

265

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

266

(1)

Practical Applications

267

(2)

The Trial

269

(31)

Introduction

269

(1)

The Layout of the Courtroom

269

(3)

The Jury Box

269

(1)

The Jury Room

270

(1)

The Witness Stand

271

(1)

The Judge's Bench

271

(1)

Clerk's and Court-Reporter's Tables

271

(1)

Attorneys' Tables

271

(1)

The Bar

272

(1)

Beginning the Trial

272

(8)

Voir Dire or Jury Selection

273

(3)

Jury Selection

276

(1)

Striking the Jury

277

(1)

Preliminary Instructions to the Jury

278

(1)

Jury Sequestration

279

(1)

Opening Statements

279

(1)

The Case-In-Chief

280

(15)

Direct Examination

280

(4)

Cross-Examination

284

(3)

Re-direct Examination

287

(1)

Resting the Government's Case

287

(1)

Motion for Directed Verdict

288

(1)

Defense Case-In-Chief

288

(2)

Resting the Defense Case

290

(1)

Rebuttal

291

(1)

Closing the Evidence

291

(1)

Charge Conference

291

(1)

Closing Arguments

292

(1)

Jury Instructions

292

(1)

Jury Deliberations

293

(1)

Mistrial

294

(1)

Verdict

294

(1)

Sentencing and Appeal

295

(1)

Ethical Consideration: Licensing and Certification of Paralegals

295

(1)

Chapter Summary

296

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

297

(1)

Review Questions

297

(1)

Questions for Reflection

297

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

298

(1)

Practical Applications

298

(2)

Defenses

300

(27)

Defenses

300

(2)

Presumption of Innocence

301

(1)

Affirmative Defenses

302

(9)

The Jury's Function

303

(1)

How Much Evidence Does the Defendant Have to Produce?

303

(1)

Notice Requirements

304

(1)

The Prosecution's Responsibility to Rebut Affirmative Defense

304

(1)

Specific Affirmative Defenses

304

(2)

Police Officers and Use of Force

306

(1)

Defense of Others

306

(1)

Deadly Force Can Never Be Used to Defend Property

306

(1)

Consent

307

(1)

Mutual Combat

307

(1)

Duress, Necessity, Compulsion, and Coercion

308

(1)

Intoxication as a Defense: Voluntary Intoxication

309

(1)

Other Defenses: Mistake

309

(1)

Other Defenses: Age

310

(1)

Other Defenses: Entrapment

310

(1)

The Insanity Defense

311

(3)

Misconceptions about the Insanity Defense

311

(1)

How Insanity Affects the Men's Rae Analysis

312

(1)

A Brief History of the Insanity Defense

312

(1)

Insanity at the Time of the Crime v. Insanity at Time of Trial

313

(1)

New Approaches to the Insanity Defense

313

(1)

The Procedure Used to Raise the Defense of Insanity

314

(1)

The Defendant's Burden in an Insanity Defense

314

(1)

Case Excerpt: Median v. California, 112 S. Ct. 2572 (1992)

314

(5)

Disposition of the Criminally Insane

318

(1)

Other Insanity Defenses: Diminished Capacity

318

(1)

Other Affirmative Defenses: Battered Women's Syndrome

318

(1)

Unusual Defenses

319

(1)

Constitutional and Statutory Defenses

319

(4)

Equal Protection

319

(1)

Due Process

319

(1)

Double Jeopardy

320

(1)

Vagueness and Overbreadth

321

(1)

Bills of Attainder and Ex Post Facto Laws

321

(1)

Other Constitutional Defenses: First Amendment

322

(1)

Statutes of Limitation

322

(1)

State Defenses in Addition to U.S. Constitutional Defenses

322

(1)

Ethical Consideration: Finding ``Hired Guns''

323

(1)

Chapter Summary

324

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

324

(1)

Review Questions

325

(1)

Questions for Reflection

325

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

325

(1)

Practical Applications

325

(2)

Sentencing and Appeal

327

(23)

Sentencing

327

(2)

Cruel and Unusual Punishment

328

(1)

Case Excerpt: Does the Jury have to be told About Life Without Parole

329

(3)

Sentencing Guidelines

331

(1)

Sentencing Hearings

331

(1)

Victim-Witness Programs

332

(1)

Victims' Rights

332

(1)

The Death Penalty

333

(3)

Procedures in Death Penalty Cases

333

(1)

Sentencing in Death Penalty Cases

334

(1)

Timothy McVeigh

334

(1)

Moratoriums on Death Penalty Sentences

335

(1)

New Bills Barring Execution of Mentally Retarded

335

(1)

Noncapital Sentencing: Prison

335

(1)

Probation and Parole

336

(3)

Comparing Probation to Parole

336

(1)

Probation Revocation Hearings

337

(1)

Private Companies and Probation

337

(1)

Fines

337

(1)

Suspended Sentence

338

(1)

Pardons and Commutations

338

(1)

Early Release

338

(1)

Civil Remedies in Criminal Cases

339

(1)

Forfeiture

339

(1)

Suing the Defendant in Civil Court

339

(1)

Alternative Punishment

339

(1)

``Boot'' Camps

339

(1)

Prisoner Rights

340

(1)

Appealing a Criminal Case

340

(5)

Motion for New Trial

340

(1)

Notice of Appeal

341

(1)

The Brief

341

(1)

What Appellate Courts Can and Cannot Do

342

(1)

The Supreme Court

342

(2)

Habeas Corpus

344

(1)

Appeals in Death Penalty Cases

345

(1)

Ethical Considerations: Paralegals and Claims of ``Ineffective Counsel''

345

(1)

Chapter Summary

346

(1)

Relevant Web Sites

347

(1)

Review Questions

347

(1)

Questions for Reflection

348

(1)

Keywords and Phrases

348

(1)

Practical Applications

348

(2)

Appendix A The Kline Case

350

(11)

Appendix B The Marbles Case

361

(3)

Appendix C The Fortner Case

364

(3)

Glossary

367

(10)

Index

377

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Criminal Law and Procedure for the Paralegal

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Criminal Law and Procedure for the Paralegal

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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