Critical Infrastructure: Understanding Its Component Parts, Vulnerabilities, Operating Risks, and Interdependencies

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ISBN: 9781420068351 | 1420068350
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 8/27/2008

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"Critical Infrastructure (CI) is fundamental to the functioning of a modern economy and, consequently, maintaining CI security is paramount. However, despite all the security technology available for threats and risks to CI, this crucial area often generates more fear than rational discussion. Apprehension unfortunately prompts many involved in CI policy to default to old-fashioned intuition rather than depend on modern concrete risk assessment as the basis for vital security decisions." "Going beyond definitions, this book looks at all the defined CI sectors and suggests previously overlooked, yet critical, industries for inclusion in revised definitions. This book introduces the concept of CI as an industrial and enterprise risk conductor, highlighting the reality that a CI failure can propagate a crisis with cascading repercussions to other CI sectors and the entire economic eco-system."--BOOK JACKET.

Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
Author	p. xix
Critical Infrastructure: What, Who Cares, and Why	p. 1
Introduction to Critical Infrastructure	p. 1
Antithesis	p. 2
Chaos Theory and Critical Infrastructure	p. 5
Who Should Read This Book?	p. 6
How to Read This Book?	p. 8
What Are Critical Infrastructures?	p. 8
NAICS-Based CI Definitions	p. 9
What Is Interdependency?	p. 12
Cascading Impacts: First Order, Second Order, and Tertiary	p. 12
Interdependency and Metrics	p. 13
Applying Metrics to Critical Infrastructure Interdependency	p. 14
National Input-Output Statistics	p. 15
Data Dependency Metrics	p. 15
Requirement for Covariance and Correlation in Critical Infrastructure Interdependency Assessment	p. 17
Interdependency and Critical Infrastructure Risks	p. 19
Strengths and Limits of This Book	p. 20
Chapters to Come	p. 22
Conclusion	p. 23
Econometrics and Critical Infrastructure Interdependency	p. 25
Introduction	p. 25
CI Sectors and Econometric Interdependency Analysis	p. 26
Limits of This Approach	p. 27
Mapping NAICS to CI Sectors	p. 27
Canadian I-O Economic Interdependency Mapping	p. 32
Sector-by-Sector I-O (Use versus Make)	p. 35
Energy Sector in Canada	p. 36
Dependency Observations	p. 36
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Energy	p. 36
Key Observations Related to Non-CI Sector Inputs	p. 37
Communications and IT Sector in Canada	p. 38
Dependency Observations	p. 39
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Communications and IT	p. 39
Key Observations	p. 40
Finance Sector in Canada	p. 41
Dependency Observations	p. 42
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Finance	p. 42
Key Observations	p. 42
Health Sector in Canada	p. 43
Dependency Observations	p. 44
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Communications and IT	p. 44
Key Observations	p. 45
Food Sector in Canada	p. 45
Dependency Observations	p. 46
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Food	p. 46
Key Observations	p. 46
Water Sector in Canada	p. 47
Dependency Observations	p. 48
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Water	p. 48
Key Observations	p. 48
Transport Sector in Canada	p. 49
Dependency Observations	p. 50
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Transport	p. 50
Key Observations	p. 51
Safety and Government Sector in Canada	p. 51
Dependency Observations	p. 52
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Safety and Government	p. 52
Key Observations	p. 52
Manufacturing Sector in Canada	p. 53
Dependency Observations	p. 53
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Manufacturing	p. 54
Key Observations	p. 54
Canadian I-O CI Sector Economic Dependency Matrixes	p. 55
U.S. I-O Sector Economic Interdependency Mapping	p. 57
Sector-by-Sector I-O (Use versus Make)	p. 60
Energy Sector in the United States	p. 61
Dependency Observations	p. 62
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Energy	p. 62
Observations Related to Non-CI Sector Inputs	p. 63
Communications and IT Sector in the United States	p. 63
Dependency Observations	p. 64
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Communications and IT	p. 64
Observations	p. 64
Finance Sector in the United States	p. 65
Dependency Observations	p. 66
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Finance	p. 67
Observations	p. 67
Health Sector in the United States	p. 68
Dependency Observations	p. 69
Non-CI Sector Inputs to U.S. Health Sector	p. 69
Observations	p. 70
Food Sector in the United States	p. 70
Dependency Observations	p. 70
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Food	p. 71
Observations	p. 71
Water Sector in the United States	p. 72
Dependency Observations	p. 73
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Water	p. 74
Key Observations	p. 74
Transport Sector in the United States	p. 75
Dependency Observations	p. 75
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Transport	p. 76
Key Observations	p. 76
Safety and Government Sector in the United States	p. 77
Dependency Observations	p. 78
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Safety and Government	p. 78
Observations	p. 79
Manufacturing Sector in the United States	p. 79
Dependency Observations	p. 79
Non-CI Sector Inputs to Manufacturing	p. 80
Observations	p. 81
U.S. I-O CI Sector Economic Dependency Matrix	p. 81
Comparison of Canada-U.S. CI Sectors by I-O Ratio	p. 84
Energy	p. 84
Communications and IT	p. 85
Finance	p. 86
Health	p. 86
Food	p. 87
Water	p. 88
Transportation	p. 89
Safety and Government	p. 90
Manufacturing	p. 90
Undesignated Industries	p. 91
Canadian Indications of Critical, Undesignated Industries	p. 91
U.S. Indications of Critical, Undesignated Industries	p. 93
Professional and Technical Services	p. 95
Conclusions and Indicated Risks	p. 95
Canadian Indications	p. 95
U.S. Indications	p. 98
Information and Data Dependency Analysis	p. 101
Introduction	p. 101
Information Operations and Data Dependency	p. 102
Information and Data Dependency Assessment Methodology	p. 103
Boundaries of Analysis	p. 105
Shared Network Infrastructure	p. 105
A Word about Voice	p. 108
Analysis of Survey Data	p. 108
Defining Inbound and Outbound Dependency among CI Owners	p. 109
Inbound Data Dependency	p. 109
Outbound Data Dependency	p. 109
Dependency Matrixes	p. 110
Data Dependency Metrics	p. 111
Inbound Data Dependency Chart	p. 112
Outbound Data Dependency Chart	p. 114
Information and Data Dependency Maps	p. 117
Sector-Specific Dependency Analysis	p. 120
Tornado Diagrams and Inbound/Outbound Dependency Ratio	p. 120
Energy Sector Data Dependencies	p. 121
Finance Sector Data Dependencies	p. 123
Communications and IT Sector Data Dependencies	p. 124
Health Sector Data Dependencies	p. 126
Food Sector Data Dependencies	p. 127
Water Sector Data Dependencies	p. 129
Transportation Sector Data Dependencies	p. 130
Safety Sector Data Dependencies	p. 132
Government Sector Data Dependencies	p. 133
Manufacturing Sector Data Dependencies	p. 135
Conclusions and Indicated Risks	p. 136
Indications from Data	p. 136
Acknowledgment	p. 139
Correlation, Dependency Latency, and Vulnerabilities of Critical Infrastructure	p. 141
Introduction	p. 141
Objective	p. 142
Correlation of Interdependency Metrics	p. 144
Time and Dependency Latency	p. 145
Canadian Correlated Dependency Metrics	p. 146
Sector Dependency Latency and Cascading Threats	p. 147
U.S. Correlated Interdependency Metrics	p. 189
Sector Dependency Latency and Cascading Threats	p. 190
Conclusions and Indicated Risks	p. 231
Cascading Impact Concentrations	p. 235
Correlated Dependency Maps	p. 240
Canada	p. 240
United States	p. 243
Critical Infrastructure Threat-Risk	p. 247
Introduction	p. 247
Lay Perceptions of Risk	p. 248
Scale and Breadth	p. 248
Deep Dive into Universal Risk	p. 251
Existing Methodologies	p. 251
Real Threat Metrics	p. 251
Prevention versus Response	p. 251
Attributes of Good Universal Risk Management	p. 252
Universal Risk Methodology for CIP	p. 253
Pragmatic Threat-Risk Analysis Methodology	p. 253
Relativistic Threat Analysis	p. 255
Real-Time Risk	p. 255
Critical Analysis	p. 255
Contextual Concepts of Risk Management	p. 257
Precautionary Approach	p. 258
Threat Events	p. 259
Threat Perspective	p. 259
Threats-From	p. 259
Threats-To	p. 260
Threat-Vector	p. 260
Importance of Threat Agents in Forming a Predictive Analysis	p. 260
Threat Agents	p. 260
Threat Action	p. 261
Impact Limitations	p. 261
Threat Limitations	p. 261
Managing Uncertainty	p. 262
Infrastructure Risk Mitigation Errors	p. 262
Threat in 2008	p. 263
Counterpoint on Cyber Threat-Risk	p. 264
Threat-Risk Convergence	p. 264
Conclusions	p. 266
Critical Infrastructure Interdependency Case Studies	p. 267
Introduction	p. 267
Objectives	p. 268
Structure of Case Studies	p. 269
Pandemic and Influenza	p. 269
Scenario	p. 269
Literature Review	p. 270
Findings: CI Interdependency Vulnerability and Risk Analysis under Pandemic Conditions	p. 276
Summary Analysis	p. 276
Detailed Risk Analysis of Sector Interdependency under Pandemic Conditions	p. 277
Health Dependency on Energy	p. 278
Health Dependency on Other Health Sector Entities	p. 279
Health Dependency on Safety and Government	p. 279
Health Dependency on Communications and IT	p. 280
Health Dependency on Water	p. 282
Health Dependency on Transportation	p. 283
Health Dependency on Food	p. 284
Health Dependency on Finance	p. 285
Health Dependency on Manufacturing	p. 285
Outbound Cascading Impacts under Pandemic Conditions	p. 286
Energy Dependency on Health	p. 286
Comments	p. 286
Safety and Government Dependency on Health	p. 287
Comments	p. 287
Communications and IT Dependency on Health	p. 288
Comments	p. 288
Water Dependency on Health	p. 288
Comments	p. 288
Transportation Dependency on Health	p. 289
Comments	p. 289
Food Dependency on Health	p. 290
Comments	p. 290
Finance Dependency on Health	p. 291
Comments	p. 291
Manufacturing Dependency on Health	p. 291
Comments	p. 292
AssetRank Assessment Algorithm	p. 292
Cyber-Attack on Water Infrastructure	p. 295
Scenario	p. 295
Literature Review	p. 295
Findings: CI Interdependency Vulnerability and Risk Analysis under Wastewater Management Crisis Conditions	p. 297
Detailed Risk Analysis of Sector Interdependency under Pandemic Conditions	p. 298
Water Dependency on Water	p. 298
Water Dependency on Energy	p. 300
Water Dependency on Safety and Government	p. 301
Water Dependency on Communications and IT	p. 302
Water Dependency on Health Sector Entities	p. 303
Water Dependency on Transportation	p. 304
Water Dependency on Manufacturing	p. 305
Water Dependency on Food	p. 305
Water Dependency on Finance	p. 306
Outbound Cascading Impacts under Cyber-Attack Conditions	p. 307
Health Dependency on Water	p. 307
Comments	p. 307
Energy Dependency on Water	p. 308
Comments	p. 308
Safety and Government Dependency on Water	p. 308
Comments	p. 309
Communications and IT Dependency on Water	p. 309
Comments	p. 310
Food Dependency on Water	p. 310
Comments	p. 310
Finance Dependency on Water	p. 311
Comments	p. 311
Transportation Dependency on Water	p. 312
Comments	p. 312
Manufacturing Dependency on Water	p. 312
Comments	p. 313
AssetRank Assessment Algorithm	p. 313
Further Case Studies	p. 316
Index	p. 317
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Critical Infrastructure: Understanding Its Component Parts, Vulnerabilities, Operating Risks, and Interdependencies

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Critical Infrastructure: Understanding Its Component Parts, Vulnerabilities, Operating Risks, and Interdependencies

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