Cultural Approaches to Parenting

This volume is concerned with elucidating similarities and differences in enculturation processes that help to account for the ways in which individuals in different cultures develop. Each chapter reviews a substantive parenting topic, describes the relevant cultures (in psychological ethnography, rather than from an anthropological stance), reports on the parenting-in-culture results, and discusses the significance of cross-cultural investigation for understanding the parenting issue of interest. Specific areas of study include environment and interactive style, responsiveness, activity patterns, distributions of social involvement with children, structural patterns of interaction, and development of the social self. Through exposure to a wide range of diverse research methods, readers will gain a deeper appreciation of the problems, procedures, possibilities, and profits associated with a truly comparative approach to understanding human growth and development.

Series Prologue

vii

Introduction

Approaches to Parenting in Culture

3

(20)

Marc H. Bornstein

Introduction

3

(1)

Motives for Approaching Culture in Parenting

3

(3)

Motives for Approaching Parenting in Culture

6

(1)

Cultural Approaches to Parenting

6

(6)

Recurring Themes of Parenting across Culture

12

(2)

Problems to Approaching Culture and Parenting

14

(3)

Coda: Cultural Approaches to Parenting

17

(1)

References

18

(5)

PART I: CONCEPTIONS OF PARENTING: CULTURAL ATTITUDES AND ACTIONS

Innate and Cultural Guidance of Infants' Integrative Competencies: China, The United States, and Germany

23

(22)

Hanus Papousek

Mechthild Papousek

Introduction

23

(7)

Comparative Data

30

(5)

Melodic Contours as Universals

35

(5)

Conclusions

40

(1)

References

41

(4)

Child-Rearing Practices and Parental Beliefs in Three Cultural Groups of Montreal: Quebecols, Vietnamese, Haitian

45

(24)

Andree Pomerleau

Gerard Malcuit

Colette Sabatier

Introduction

45

(1)

Infant Socialization in the Family Context

45

(3)

Populations Observed in this Study

48

(1)

The Context of Living in Immigrant Groups

49

(3)

Indigenous and Immigrant Experiences and Child-Rearing Practices

52

(8)

How Immigration and Child-Rearing Match: Environment, Beliefs, and Interactions

60

(4)

Relations among Beliefs, Interactions, and Teaching

64

(2)

Conclusions

66

(1)

References

67

(2)

Parenting In Cross-Cultural Perspective: The United States, France, and Japan

69

(22)

Marc H. Bornstein

Joseph Tal

Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda

Introduction

69

(1)

Cultural Similarities and Differences in Parenting

69

(4)

The United States, France, and Japan

73

(1)

A Cultural Approach to Parenting

74

(7)

Recap

81

(1)

Sources of Variation in Cultural Approaches to Parenting

82

(2)

Conclusions

84

(1)

References

85

(6)

Parenting and Child Development in the Efe Foragers and Lese Farmers of Zaire

91

(24)

Gilda A. Morelli

Edward Z. Tronick

Introduction

91

(1)

Cultural Community, Social Partners, and Development

92

(2)

Research on the Efe Foragers and Lese Farmers

94

(2)

The Forager and Farmer Community

96

(2)

The Study

98

(1)

Results of Behavioral Study

99

(8)

Summary and Conclusions

107

(5)

References

112

(3)

Discussion: Cultural Attitudes and Actions

115

(8)

T. Berry Brazelton

PART II: CONSEQUENCES OF PARENTING: DYNAMICS OF ENCULTURATION

Structure, Continuity, and Nutritional Correlates of Caregiver Behavior Patterns in Kenya and Egypt

123

(16)

Marian Sigman

Theodore D. Wachs

Introduction

123

(2)

Performance Sites in Kenya and Egypt

125

(3)

Structure of Caregiver Behaviors

128

(2)

Continuity of Caregiver Behaviors

130

(1)

Nutrition and Caregiver Behaviors

130

(3)

Conclusions

133

(3)

References

136

(3)

Using Cross-Cultural Research to Inform Us about the Role of Language in Development: Comparisons of Japanese, Korean, and English, and of German, American English, and British English

139

(16)

Marilyn Shatz

Introduction

139

(4)

The Effect of Language Use on Sentence Verification: Japanese, Korean, and English

143

(2)

Parental Speech Styles and Cultural Values: German, American English, and British English

145

(5)

Conclusions

150

(2)

References

152

(3)

Becoming American or English? Talking About the Social World in England and the United States

155

(18)

Judy Dunn

Jane Brown

Introduction

155

(3)

Discourse about the Social World

158

(12)

Conclusions

170

(1)

References

171

(2)

Cultural Variation in the Role Relations of Toddlers and Their Families

173

(12)

Barbara Rogoff

Jayanthi Mistry

Artin Goncu

Christine Mosier

Introduction

173

(1)

Development as Apprenticeship within Richly Organized Relationships

174

(1)

Cultural Variation and Similarities

175

(1)

Cultural Variation in Roles of Parents and Other Family Members

176

(3)

Orientation of Children to Community Groups

179

(1)

Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Versus Group Interaction as Prototypes for Social Engagement

180

(1)

Conclusions

181

(1)

References

182

(3)

Commentary: Dynamics of Enculturation

185

(10)

William Kessen

Introduction

185

(1)

A Tale of the Past

186

(1)

From the Laboratory to the Bush

186

(2)

Uniformity and Diversity

188

(1)

Ways of Distancing

189

(3)

Conclusion

192

(1)

References

193

(2)

About the Authors

195

(6)

Author Index

201

(6)

Subject Index

207

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Cultural Approaches to Parenting

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Table of Contents

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