Cultural Proficiency in Addressing Health Disparities
, by Kosoko-Lasaki, Sade; Cook, Cynthia Theresa; O'Brien, Richard L.- ISBN: 9780763751746 | 076375174X
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 9/12/2008
Foreword | p. ix |
Acknowledgments | p. xi |
Introduction | p. xiii |
List of Contributors | p. xv |
Addressing Health Disparities in the 21st Century | p. 1 |
Overview of Health Disparities | p. 1 |
Definition of Health Disparities | p. 1 |
Models of Health Disparities | p. 3 |
Factors Contributing to Health Disparities | p. 5 |
Need for Relevant, Effective Interventions | p. 7 |
Historical Perspectives of Health Disparities | p. 8 |
Contemporary Disparities | p. 9 |
Progress on Eliminating Disparities | p. 14 |
Health Workforce Education | p. 14 |
Cultural Competence and Trust | p. 16 |
Communication and Disparities | p. 16 |
Environmental Disparities | p. 18 |
Solutions for the Reduction/Elimination of Health Disparities | p. 18 |
Race/Ethnicity, Trust, and Health Disparities: Trustworthiness, Ethics, and Action | p. 37 |
Trust and Trustworthiness: Meanings, Distinctions, and Relevance | p. 38 |
Addressing Trustworthiness: From Theory to Principles to Action Guides | p. 43 |
What Health Professionals and Institutions Should Do | p. 50 |
Justness, Health Care, and Health Disparities | p. 57 |
The Idea of Health Disparities | p. 59 |
How Justness and Health Disparities Might Be Considered an Ethics Afterthought | p. 60 |
The Turn Toward "Professionalism" | p. 62 |
Justness from a New View | p. 65 |
The Role of Academic Medical Centers in the Elimination of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities | p. 73 |
Recruiting for Diversity | p. 75 |
Cultural Competency Training | p. 77 |
Health Disparities Research | p. 80 |
Advocacy | p. 82 |
Nursing Perspectives in Addressing Health Disparities | p. 87 |
"We just want to be treated like everybody else." | p. 87 |
"Water, water everywhere, but who's stopping to drink?" | p. 88 |
"Never trust anybody over 30? Why, they're talking about me!" | p. 88 |
"Oh, come on, Valda. You're being much too sensitive!" | p. 89 |
The Role of Nurses in Promoting Cultural Competency | p. 90 |
Demographic Challenges to Contemporary Nurses | p. 91 |
Nurses Bridging the Gaps | p. 92 |
Adding Insult to Injury | p. 96 |
The Many Faces of Patient Vulnerability | p. 97 |
The Ground Meat Parable, or "If I really listen I will understand." | p. 98 |
Full Circle: The Qualified Medical Interpreter in the Culturally Competent Healthcare System | p. 103 |
The Why and How of Language Access in Health Care | p. 104 |
The Professional Interpreter: Beyond Bilingualism | p. 106 |
Examples as Food for Thought | p. 109 |
Cultural Proficiency: Challenges for Health Professionals | p. 117 |
Communication | p. 118 |
Cultural Understanding | p. 120 |
Trust | p. 122 |
Actions by Others to Ensure Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Care | p. 123 |
Experiences of Minority Professionals | p. 124 |
Cultural Competency Research: Description of a Methodology. Part I | p. 129 |
Background Information | p. 130 |
Research Design | p. 131 |
Community Assessment Instrument (Pre-Test) | p. 137 |
Community Assessment Instrument (Post-Test) | p. 146 |
Cultural Competency Instrument: A Description of a Methodology. Part II | p. 149 |
Background | p. 150 |
Research Design | p. 151 |
Cultural Competency Instrument (CCI) | p. 156 |
Statistical Models in Health Disparities Research | p. 159 |
Study Design | p. 160 |
Health Disparities Measures | p. 162 |
Statistical Models | p. 170 |
Addressing Health Disparities: The Hispanic Perspective | p. 183 |
Access to Care | p. 188 |
Immigration and Acculturation | p. 189 |
Health across the Life Course | p. 191 |
Chronic and Communicable Disease | p. 194 |
Mental Health | p. 199 |
Occupational and Environmental Health | p. 200 |
Social and Behavioral Health | p. 204 |
How to Address Health Disparities among Hispanics | p. 206 |
Health Disparities among Native American People of the United States | p. 225 |
Historical Origins of Health Disparities in Native Americans | p. 226 |
Federal Trust Relationship with Native American Tribes | p. 227 |
Population and Socioeconomic Characteristics | p. 228 |
Geographic Isolation and Cultural Barriers to Health Care | p. 229 |
Mortality | p. 230 |
Cardiovascular Diseases | p. 233 |
Malignant Neoplasms | p. 233 |
Unintentional Injuries | p. 234 |
Diabetes Mellitus | p. 235 |
Natality, Infant Mortality, and Maternal Health | p. 236 |
Suicide | p. 237 |
Substance Abuse | p. 238 |
Sexually Transmitted Disease/HIV | p. 238 |
Behavioral Health Risk Characteristics | p. 239 |
Oral Health | p. 239 |
Other Areas and Health Disparities | p. 239 |
Population to Health Professionals Ratio | p. 240 |
Indian Healthcare System | p. 240 |
Addressing Health Disparities in American Indians | p. 241 |
Addressing Health Disparities in Immigrant Populations in the United States | p. 247 |
Definitions of Immigrants, Foreign-Born Persons, Refugees, and Naturalized Citizens | p. 248 |
The Numbers of Immigrants and Foreign-Born Persons in the United States | p. 249 |
Health Disparities in Immigrant and Foreign-Born Populations | p. 256 |
Access to Health Care among Immigrants | p. 265 |
Policies and Practices Intended to Eliminate Health Disparities among Immigrants | p. 266 |
Cultural Proficiency among Healthcare Providers and Researchers | p. 267 |
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Research with Immigrants as Subjects | p. 271 |
Minority Attitudes and Perception of Health Care: A Comparison of Comments from a Cultural Competency Questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion | p. 281 |
Research Design | p. 282 |
Results | p. 284 |
Health Disparities: The Nebraska Perspective | p. 311 |
Who Are the "Cornhuskers"? | p. 311 |
Health Disparities in Nebraska | p. 313 |
What Is Nebraska's Commitment Today? What Are We Doing? | p. 316 |
Nebraska's Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities | p. 317 |
State Financing for Nebraska's Public Health | p. 318 |
Health Education of Racial/Ethnic Minorities | p. 319 |
The Need for Public Health Leadership | p. 320 |
Cultural Proficiency and Health Disparity: The St. Louis, Missouri, Perspective | p. 331 |
The Emergence and Growth of the City of St. Louis | p. 332 |
Financial Development and Socioeconomic Disparities | p. 333 |
Health Disparity in St. Louis: How Did It Happen? | p. 333 |
The Genesis of Disparities | p. 335 |
The Question of Racism | p. 336 |
Education and Its Role in Healthcare Disparity in St. Louis | p. 337 |
Cultural Proficiency in Clinical Medicine | p. 337 |
The St. Louis Perspective: How Can We Make It Better? | p. 339 |
Health Disparities in the Pediatric Age Group | p. 343 |
Background | p. 345 |
Literature Review | p. 346 |
Pediatric Diversity | p. 351 |
Education | p. 352 |
Perceived Health Disparities | p. 353 |
Healthcare Insurance | p. 353 |
Addressing Health Care in Communities | p. 357 |
The Community Approach | p. 359 |
The Need for Community Empowerment | p. 360 |
History | p. 362 |
Community Solutions to Health Disparities | p. 365 |
The Relevance of Economics for Public Policies in Multidisciplinary Health Disparities Research | p. 373 |
Economic Dimension of Health Disparities | p. 375 |
Economic Status and Its Measurement | p. 376 |
Income Distribution | p. 377 |
Some Evidence on Economic Studies of Health Disparities | p. 380 |
Some Policy Reflections | p. 380 |
Conclusion: Global and Domestic Health Disparities-Possible Solutions | p. 385 |
About the Authors | p. 391 |
About the Contributors | p. 395 |
Index | p. 413 |
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