Current Topics in Developmental Biology

Volume 35 proves to be essential reading for anyone interested in reactions between retinoid signaling pathways and the genes regulating cell proliferation/survival, developmentally-regulated changes in the nuclear envelope, the developmental roles of the EGFR, or ErbB family, the correspondence between phylogeny and life history in polyembryonic insect development, control of cadherin function by extracellular signals, the importance of the Spemann organizer for neural induction, and the study of signal transduction in Drosophila melanogaster.

Contributors

ix

(2)

Preface

xi

1 Life and Death Decisions Influenced by Retinoids

1

(46)

Melissa B. Rogers

I. Introduction

1

(1)

II. Overview of the Cell Cycle and Apoptosis

2

(3)

III. Brief Review Regarding the Effects of Retinoids on Tissue Growth and Death

5

(7)

IV. Transcription Factors

12

(5)

V. Direct Modulation of Proliferation and Apoptosis

17

(9)

VI. External Signals Regulating Proliferation and Death

26

(6)

VII. Retinoic Acid-Independent Responses

31

(1)

VIII. Future Directions

32

(1)

References

33

(14)

2 Developmental Modulation of the Nuclear Envelope

47

(25)

Jun Liu

Jacqueline M. Lopez

Mariana F. Wolfner

I. Introduction

47

(1)

II. The Nuclear Envelope

48

(7)

III. Developmental Variations of the Nuclear Envelope and Their Possible Functions

55

(7)

IV. Conclusion

62

(1)

References

63

(9)

3 The EGFR Gene Family in Embryonic Cell Activities

72

(49)

Eileen D. Adamson

Lynn M. Wiley

I. Introduction

72

(1)

II. The erbB Family of Genes

73

(4)

III. The Oocyte and Preimplanation Development

77

(6)

IV. Roles for erbB Genes in Fetal and Postnatal Development

83

(15)

V. The Regulation of the EGFR Gene Family

98

(2)

VI. Interactions of the ErbB Family of Receptors

100

(7)

VII. The Occurrence and Importance of the erbB Genes in Cancer

107

(1)

VIII. EGFR in Nonmammalian Development

108

(2)

IX. Conclusions

110

(1)

References

111

(10)

4 The Development and Evolution of Polyembronic Insects

121

(41)

Michael R. Strand

Miodrag Grbic

I. Introduction

121

(2)

II. Polyembryony in the Metazoa

123

(1)

III. Insect Phylogeny and Polyembryony

123

(2)

IV. Regulation of Segmentation in Insects

125

(4)

V. Development of the Polyembryonic Wasp Copidosoma floridanum

129

(7)

VI. Copidosoma floridanum: A Major Departure from the Insect Development Ground Plan

136

(8)

VII. Polyembryony in Other Hymenoptera

144

(2)

VIII. The Evolution of Polyembryony

146

(6)

IX. Conclusions

152

(1)

References

153

(9)

5 XXX-Catenin Is a Target for Extracellular Signals Controlling Cadherin Function: The Neurocan-GaINAcPTase Connection

162

(29)

Jack Lilien

Stanley Hoffman

Carol Eisenberg

Janne Balsamo

I. Introduction

161

(1)

II. Caderins Are Associated with a Cell Surface Glycosyltransferase

162

(2)

III. Neurocan Is an Endogenous Ligand for the GaINAcPTase

164

(1)

IV. The Neurocan-GaINAcPTase Interaction Regulates Both Neural and Nonneural Development

165

(4)

V. The Neurocan-GaINAcPTase Interaction Controls the Tyrosine Phosphorylation of XXX-Catenin and the Association of Cadherin with Cytoskeleton

169

(3)

VI. Transduction of the Neurocan-GaINAcPTase Signal across the Plasma Membrane

172

(3)

VII. Multiple Kinases and Phosphates Control Cadherin Function

175

(2)

VIII. XXX-Catenin Is at the Center of Several Developmentally Important Pathways

177

(4)

IX. Conclusions

181

(1)

References

182

(9)

6 Neural Induction in Amphibians

191

(38)

Horst Grunz

I. Introduction

191

(2)

II. Historical Background

193

(3)

III. The Search for Neuralizing Factors

196

(2)

IV. The Responding Tissue

198

(1)

V. Autoneuralization, or the Hypothesis of the Neural Default States of the Ectoderm

199

(4)

VI. The Old and New Organizer Concepts

203

(1)

VII. The Establishment of the Organizer

203

(3)

VIII. The Organizer, Also a Unique Area in the Molecular Sense

206

(1)

IX. Transmission of Neuralizing Signals between the Inducing Spemann Organizer (Chordamesoderm) and the Ectodermal Target Cells

207

(2)

X. Planar Versus Verical Signals

209

(1)

XI. The "Antiorganizers"

210

(3)

XII. The Establishment of the Animal-Vegetal, Dorsal-Ventral, and Anterior-Posterior Pattern Depends on the Formation of Distinct Gradients

213

(2)

XIII. Conclusions

215

(1)

XIV. Future Prospects

216

(1)

References

217

(12)

7 Paradigms to Study Signal Transduction Pathways in Drosophila

229

(34)

Lee Engstrom

Elizabeth Noll

Norbert Perrimon

I. Introduction

229

(1)

II. Drosophila Oogenesis

230

(3)

III. Drosophila Embryogenesis

233

(2)

IV. Genetic Approaches to the Study of Oogenesis and Embryogenesis

235

(3)

V. Paradigms to Dissect Components of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Pathways

238

(4)

VI. Dorsal-Ventral Patterning of the Drosophila Embryo: A Paradigm to Dissect the NF(K)B/I(K)B Signaling Pathway

242

(2)

VII. Segment Polarity Genes: Paradigms to Dissect the Signaling Pathways Activated by Wnt and Hedgehog Proteins

244

(5)

VIII. Regulation of the Pair-Rule Gene even skipped in the Early Embryo: A Paradigm to Dissect the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway

249

(1)

IX. Establishment of the Embryonic Dorsoventral Cell Fates: A Paradigm to Analyze the Transforming Growth Factor-XXX Signaling Pathway

250

(4)

X. Neurogenesis in the Drosophilia Embryo: A Paradigm to Study Notch Signaling

254

(1)

XI. Conclusions and Perspectives

254

(2)

References

256

(7)

Index

263

(10)

Contents of Previous Volumes

273

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Current Topics in Developmental Biology

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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