Cyber Conflict Competing National Perspectives

Daniel Ventre is Engineer, CNRS. Researcher at CESDIP laboratory/Invited Professor at ESSEC Business School Paris/Invited Professor at Telecom Paris Tech, France.

Introduction xi

Chapter 1. Canada’s Cyber Security Policy: a Tortuous Path Toward a Cyber Security Strategy 1
Hugo LOISEAU and Lina LEMAY

1.1. Introduction 1

1.2. Canada in North America: sovereign but subordinate? 4

1.3. Counter-terrorism for the improvement of national security 13

1.4. The long path to a national CI protection strategy and national cyber security strategy 25

1.5. The adoption of the current strategies for CI protection and cyber security 31

1.6. Conclusion 37

1.7. Bibliography 38

Chapter 2. Cuba: Towards an Active Cyber-defense 45
Daniel VENTRE

2.1. Cyberspace: statistics and history 47

2.2. Theoretical and practical considerations on information warfare and cyber-warfare 54

2.3. Cyber-warfare theories and practices 56

2.4. Regulations and ways around them 60

2.5. Capabilities of control, surveillance and interception 65

2.6. Enemies 66

2.7. Conclusion 70

2.8. Bibliography 73

Chapter 3. French Perspectives on Cyber-conflict 77
Daniel VENTRE

3.1. Cyberspace 79

3.2. Assessments, view on the world and awakening 88

3.3. Reaction, position of France and choice: theories, political strategies and military doctrines 100

3.4. Conclusion 127

3.5. Bibliography 131

Chapter 4. Digital Sparta: Information Operations and Cyber-warfare in Greece 135
Joseph FITSANAKIS

4.1. Geopolitical significance 136

4.2. Strategic concerns and internal balancing 139

4.3. Formative experiences in information operations: the Ergenekon conspiracy 141

4.4. Formative experiences in information operations: intensifying cyber-attacks 142

4.5. Formative experiences in information operations: the Öcalan affair 143

4.6. Formative experiences in information operations: the Greek wiretapping case of 2004–2005   145

4.7. Emerging civilian information operations strategies 148

4.8. Emerging military information operations strategies 152

4.9. The European Union dimension in Greek information operations 155

4.10. Conclusion 156

4.11. Bibliography 158

Chapter 5. Moving Toward an Italian Cyber Defense and Security Strategy 165
Stefania DUCCI

5.1. Information warfare and cyber warfare: what are they? 165

5.2. Understanding the current Italian geopolitical context 168

5.3. The Italian legal and organizational framework 172

5.4. The need for a national cyber-defense and -security strategy 177

5.5. Conclusion 188

5.6. Bibliography 188

Chapter 6. Cyberspace in Japan’s New Defense Strategy 193
Daniel VENTRE

6.1. Japan’s defense policy 194

6.2. Cyberspace in Japan’s defense strategy 197

6.3. Conclusion 217

6.4. Bibliography 221

Chapter 7. Singapore’s Encounter with Information Warfare: Filtering Electronic Globalization and Military Enhancements 223
Alan CHONG

7.1. Singapore: electronic globalization and its pitfalls 225

7.2. Cyberdefence in the private sector and society at large 228

7.3. The Singapore Armed Forces and the embrace of third-generation warfare 235

7.4. Conclusion 245

7.5. Bibliography 247

Chapter 8. A Slovenian Perspective on Cyber Warfare 251
Gorazd PRAPROTNIK, Iztok PODBREGAR, Igor BERNIK and Bojan TI?AR

8.1. Introduction 251

8.2. Preparations for digital warfare 254

8.3. Specifics of technologically-advanced small countries 256

8.4. Geostrategic, geopolitics and the economic position of the Republic of Slovenia 258

8.5. Information and communication development in Slovenia 259

8.6. Cyber-threats in Slovenia 261

8.7. Slovenia in the field of information and communication security policy 264

8.8. Slovenia’s information and communication security policy strategy 266

8.9. Conclusion 274

8.10. Bibliography 276

Chapter 9. A South African Perspective on Information Warfare and Cyber Warfare 279
Brett VAN NIEKERK and Manoj MAHARAJ

9.1. The South African structure of information warfare 280

9.2. A South African perspective on cyber-warfare 283

9.3. The Southern African cyber-environment 284

9.4. Legislation 288

9.5. Cyber-security and information warfare organizations in South Africa 289

9.6. Estimated cyber-warfare capability in Africa 290

9.7. Conclusion 291

9.8. Bibliography 292

Chapter 10. Conclusion 297
Daniel VENTRE

10.1. Cyberspace 301

10.2. Bibliography 306

List of Authors 307

Index 309

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