Damaging Effects of Weapons and Ammunition

Comprehensive coverage of weapon damage effects on a variety of objects

Damaging Effects of Weapons and Ammunition delivers a thorough exploration of a range of issues related to the effects of ammunition and weapons. The book includes coverage of the basic concepts of the theory of efficiency and the physical foundations of the functional and damaging effects of fragments, shaped charges, high-explosive and penetrating weapons.

The author discusses the calculation formulas used to evaluation the parameters of damage fields and their interaction with various objects. Additionally, the book expands on the damage criteria of weapons, the characteristics of the vulnerability of objects with respect to a variety of damaging factors, dependencies for assessing safe distances, and the resistance of various structures to the effects of explosion and impact.

Damaging Effects of Weapons and Ammunition also offers:

• Detailed calculation methods indicating areas of application and the necessary units of used quantities
• Extensive examples of classic designs of ammunition from around the world
• Discussions of the characterization of various types of ammunition, including high-explosive, fragment, penetrative, and shaped charges
• A chapter on the numerical simulation of high-speed processes

Igor A. Balagansky, DSc, is Professor of the Gas Dynamic Devices Department at Novosibirsk State Technical University in Russia. He has authored over 100 scientific publications and is a Federal Expert in Science and Technology for the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education.

INTRODUCTION

I.1. Ammunition types and characteristics of their damaging effect

I.2. Generalized characteristics of the damaging effect

I.3. Evaluation of the effectiveness of shooting

I.4. Self-assessment questions

References

Chapter 1. FRAGMENTATION AMMUNITIONS

1.1. Basic concepts and definitions. General information

1.2. The mechanics of high-speed deformation and destruction of shells under the action of an explosion

1.3. Modeling the processes of explosive fragmentation of shells using standard samples

1.4. Statistical models of the fragment fields and the fragment spectra

1.5. External ballistics of fragments

1.6. Kinds of the damaging effect of fragments

1.7. Laws of targets damage with fragments

1.8. Specified zone of target damage with fragmentation munitions

1.9. Methods for optimizing the parameters of fragmentation munitions

1.10. Vulnerability characteristics of objects to the effect of fragments, determination of safe distances

1.11. Self-assessment questions

References

Chapter 2. AMMUNITIONS WITH SHAPED CHARGES

2.1. Basic concepts and definitions. General information

2.2. Fundamentals of cumulative effects

2.3. Explosion loading of shaped charge liners, their throwing and collapse

2.4. Formation, tension of metal jets and their penetration into targets

2.5. The influence of design parameters and manufacturing technology of shaped charge on the penetration effect

2.6. Influence of the operational conditions of ammunition with shaped charge on their damaging effect

2.7. Formation and effect of explosively formed projectiles

2.8. The effect of ammunition with shaped charges on the armor of modern tanks

2.9. Methods for evaluating the effectiveness of ammunition with shaped charges

2.10. Self-assessment questions

References

Chapter 3. HIGH-EXPLOSIVE AMMUNITIONS

3.1. Basic concepts and definitions. General information

3.2. Parameters of an air shock wave during the explosion of high explosives

3.3. Reflection of shock waves from barriers and flow around barriers

3.4. Determination of parameters of an air shock wave during detonation of fuel-air mixtures

3.5. Evaluation of the damaging effect of shock waves on various objects

3.6. Explosion in water

3.7. Underground explosion

3.8. Self-assessment questions

References

Chapter 4. PENETRATING AMMUNITIONS

4.1. Basic concepts and definitions. General information

4.2. Interaction of impactors with targets

4.3. Formulation of penetration problems and ways to solve them

4.4. Shock with long rods

4.5. Peculiarities of collision with thin targets (screens)

4.6. Self-assessment questions

References

Chapter 5. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF HIGH-SPEED PROCESSES

5.1. Introduction. Basic concepts

5.2. The system of equations of continuum mechanics

5.3. Behavior of materials under intense dynamic loads

5.3.1. Elastic medium

5.3.2 Hydrodynamic model

5.3.3. Elastoplastic, viscoplastic elastoviscoplastic models

5.3.4. Dislocation models

5.4. Numerical methods for solving dynamic problems

5.5. Short introduction to ANSYS AUTODYN

5.6. Numerical modeling examples

5.7. Self-assessment questions

References

APPENDICES

A.1. Combined median errors at artillery shooting after full preparation of the source data

A.2. Table of the normalized Laplace function

A.3. Basic systems of units and the relationship between them

A.4. Properties of high explosives

A.5. Shock adiabats of substances

References

A.6. Bibliography

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