The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated

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ISBN: 9780802841933 | 0802841937
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 2/1/1996

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One of the world's foremost experts on the Dead Sea Scrolls provides an authoritative new English translation of the two hundred longest and most important nonbiblical Dead Sea Scrolls found at Qumran, along with an introduction to the history of the discovery and publication of each manuscript and the background necessary for placing the manuscripts in context.

Preface to the English Translation

xix

Translator's Note

xxii

Foreword

xxiii

Introduction

xxxi

The Dead Sea Scrolls

xxxii

History of discovery and publication

xxxvi

1947--1956: The First Manuscripts

xxxvi

1949--1955: Excavation and publication of Cave 1

xxxvii

1951--1962: Excavation of Khirbet Qumran and the `Small Caves'

xxxviii

1952: Cave 4

xlii

1956--1977: Cave 11

xliii

The dispute over authenticity and antiquity

xlv

A sectarian library

xlix

Identity and origins of the Qumran Community

lii

History of the Qumran Community

Further reading

lvii

Notes to the Introduction

lix

RULES

(74)

The Rule of the Community

(30)

The Cave 1 Copy

(17)

1QRule of the Community (1QS)

(17)

The Cave 4 Copies

(12)

4QRule of the Communitya (4Q255 [4QpapSa])

(1)

4QRule of the Communityb (4Q256 [4QSb])

(1)

4QRule of the Communityc (4Q257 [4QpapSc])

(1)

4QRule of the Communityd (4Q258 [4QSd])

(4)

4QRule of the Communitye (4Q259 [4QSe])

(3)

4QRule of the Communityf (4Q260 [4QSf])

(1)

4QRule of the Communityg (4Q261 [4QSg])

(1)

4QRule of the Communityh (4Q262 [4QSh])

(1)

4QRule of the Communityi (4Q263 [4QSi])

(1)

4QRule of the Communityj (4Q264 [4QSj)]

(1)

Copies from other caves

(1)

5QRule of the Community (5Q11 [5QS])

(1)

The Damascus Document

(39)

Copies from the Genizah

(14)

Damascus Documenta (CD-A)

(12)

Damascus Documentb (CD-B)

(2)

Copies from Cave 4

(23)

4QDamascus Documenta (4Q266 [4QDa]) (now 4Q268 [4QDc])

(1)

4QDamascus Documentb (4Q267 [4QDb]) (now 4Q266 [4QDa])

(9)

4QDamascus Documentc (4Q268 [4QDc]) (now 4Q271 [4QDf])

(3)

4QDamascus Documentd (4Q269 [4QDd]) (now 4Q267 [4QDb])

(2)

4QDamascus Documente (4Q270 [4QDe])

(5)

4QDamascus Documentf (4Q271 [4QDf]) (now 4Q269 [4QDd])

(2)

4QDamascus Documentg (4Q272 [4QDg])

(1)

4QDamascus Documenth (4Q273 [4QDh])

(1)

Copies which come from other caves

(2)

5QDamascus Document (5Q512 [5QD])

(1)

6QDamascus Document (6Q15 [6QD])

(1)

Fragments of other Rules

(3)

4QSerek Damascus Rule (4Q265 [4QSD])

(1)

5QRule (5Q13)

(2)

HALAKHIC TEXTS

(18)

Halakhic Letter (4QMMT)

(9)

Composite text

(2)

Translation of the individual copies

(7)

4QHalakhic Lettera (4Q394 [4QMMTa])

(2)

4QHalakhic Letterb (4Q395 [4QMMTb])

(1)

4QHalakhic Letterc (4Q396 [4QMMTc])

(2)

4QHalakhic Letterd (4Q397 [4QMMTd])

(1)

4QHalakhic Lettere (4Q398 [4QpapMMTe])

(1)

4QHalakhic Letterf (4Q399 [4QMMTf])

(1)

Other halakhic texts

(7)

2QJuridical text (2Q25)

(1)

4QOrdinancesa (4Q159 [4QOrda])

(1)

4QHalakhah (4Q251 [4QHalakhaha])

(1)

4QPurification rules A (4Q274 [4QTohorot A])

(1)

4QPurification rules B (4Q275 [4QTohorot B])

(1)

4QPurification rules Bb (4Q276 [4QTohorot Bb])

(1)

4QPurification rules Bc (4Q277 [4QTohorot Bc])

(1)

4QPurification rules C (4Q278 [4QTohorot C])

(1)

4QPurification rules G (4Q284a [4QLeqet])

(1)

4QDecrees (4Q477)

(1)

4QOrdinancesb (4Q513 [4QOrdb])

(1)

4QOrdinancesc (4Q514 [4QOrdc]?)

(2)

LITERATURE WITH ESCHATOLOGICAL CONTENT

(48)

The War Scroll

(31)

The Cave 1 copy

(20)

1QWar Scroll (1QM [+1Q33])

(20)

The Cave 4 copies

115

(8)

4QWar Scrolla (4Q491 [4QMa])

115

(5)

4QWar Scrollb (4Q492 [4QMb])

120

(1)

4QWar Scrollc (4Q493 [4QMc])

120

(1)

4QWar Scrolld (4Q494 [4QMd])

121

(1)

4QWar Scrolle (4Q495 [4QMe])

121

(1)

4QWar Scrollf (4Q496 [4QpapMf])

121

(2)

Texts connected with the War Scroll

123

(3)

4QWar Scrollg (4Q285 [4QMg ?])

123

(1)

11QBlessings (11Q14 [11QBer])

124

(1)

4QWar Scrollh (4Q471)

124

(1)

4QWords of Michael (4Q259)

125

(1)

The Rule of the Congregation

126

(3)

1QRule of the Congregation (1Q28a [1QSa])

126

(3)

Description of the New Jerusalem

129

(7)

2QNew Jerusalem (2Q24 [2QNJ ar])

129

(1)

4QNew Jerusalema (4Q554 [4QNJa ar])

129

(2)

4QNew Jerusalemb (4Q555 [4QNJb ar])

131

(1)

5QNew Jerusalem (5Q15 [5QNJ ar])

131

(2)

11QNew Jerusalem (11Q18 [11QNJ ar])

133

(3)

Other texts

136

(5)

4QFlorilegium (4Q174 [4QFlorilegium])

136

(1)

4QTestimonia (4Q175 [4QTest])

137

(1)

4QAramaic Apocalypse (4Q246)

138

(1)

4QFour Kingdomsa (4Q552)

138

(1)

4QFour Kingdomsb (4Q553)

139

(1)

11QMelchisedech (11Q13 [11QMelch])

139

(2)

EXEGETICAL LITERATURE

141

(76)

Targums

143

(11)

Targum of Leviticus

143

(1)

4QTargum of Leviticus (4Q156 [4QtgLev])

143

(1)

Targum of Job

143

(11)

4QTargum of Job (4Q157 [4QtgJob])

143

(1)

11QTargum of Job (11Q10 [11QtgJob])

143

(11)

The Temple Scroll

154

(31)

11QTemple Scrolla (11Q19 [11QTemplea])

154

(25)

11QTemple Scrollb (11Q20 [11QTempleb])

179

(6)

Pesharim

185

(23)

Commentaries on Isaiah

185

(6)

3QIsaiah Pesher (3Q4 [3QpIs])

185

(1)

4QIsaiah Peshera (4Q161 [4QpIsa])

185

(1)

4QIsaiah Pesherb (4Q162 [4QpIsb])

186

(1)

4QIsaiah Pesherc (4Q163 [4QpIsc])

187

(3)

4QIsaiah Pesherd (4Q164 [4QpIsd])

190

(1)

4QIsaiah Peshere (4Q165 [4QpIse])

191

(1)

Commentaries on Hosea

191

(2)

4QHosea Peshera (4Q166 [4QpHosa])

191

(1)

4QHosea Pesherb (4Q167 [4QpHosb])

192

(1)

Commentaries on Micah

193

(2)

1QMicah Pesher (1Q14 [1QpMic])

193

(1)

4QMicah Pesher (4Q168 [4QpMic(?)])

194

(1)

Commentary on Nahum

195

(2)

4QNahum Pesher (4Q169 [4QpNah])

195

(2)

Commentary on Habakkuk

197

(5)

1QHabakkuk Pesher (1QpHab])

197

(5)

Commentaries on Zephaniah

202

(1)

1QZephaniah Pesher (1Q15 [1QpZeph])

202

(1)

4QZephaniah Pesher (4Q170 [4QpZeph])

203

(1)

Commentary on Malachi

203

(1)

5QMalachi Pesher (5Q10 [5QpMal(?)])

203

(1)

Commentaries on the Psalms

203

(5)

4QPsalms Peshera (4Q171 [4QpPsa])

203

(3)

1QPsalms Pesher (4Q16 [1QpPs])

206

(1)

4QPsalms Pesherb (4Q173 [4QpPsb])

206

(2)

Other texts

208

(9)

4QTanhumin (4Q176 [4QTanh])

208

(1)

4QCatena (4Q177 [4QCatenaa])

209

(2)

4QAges of Creation (4Q180 [4QAgesCreat])

211

(1)

4QAges of Creation (4Q181 [4QAgesCreat])

212

(1)

4QCatenab (4Q182 [4QCatenab)

213

(1)

4QHistorical Work (4Q183)

213

(1)

4QGenesis Peshera (4Q252 [4QpGena)

213

(2)

4QGenesis Pesherb (4Q253 [4QpGenb)

215

(1)

4QGenesis Pesherc (4Q254 [4QpGenc)

215

(2)

PARA-BIBLICAL LITERATURE

217

(84)

Paraphrase of the Pentateuch

219

(11)

4QReworked Pentateucha (4Q158 [4QRPa])

219

(3)

4QReworked Pentateuchb,c (4Q364--365 [4QRPb,c])

222

(2)

Other texts

224

(6)

2QApocryphon of David(?) (2Q22 [2QapDavid?])

224

(1)

4QExhortation based on the Flood (4Q370)

224

(1)

4QApocryphon of Joseph (4Q372 [4QapocrJosepha])

225

(1)

4QApocryphon of Joseph (4Q373 [4QapocrJosephb])

226

(1)

4QNarrative (4Q462)

226

(1)

6QGenesis (?) (6Q19)

227

(1)

4QWork with Place Names (4Q522)

227

(1)

6QDeuteronomy (?) (6Q20)

228

(1)

4QNarrative (4Q458)

228

(1)

4QBiblical Chronology (4Q559)

228

(2)

Genesis Apocryphon

230

(8)

1QGenesis Apocryphon (1Q20 [1QapGen ar])

230

(1)

1QGenesis Apocryphon (1QapGen ar)

230

(8)

Book of Jubilees

238

(8)

4QJubileesa (4Q216 [4QJuba])

238

(3)

11QJubilees (11Q12 [11QJub])

241

(1)

4QJubileesc (4Q220 [4QJubc])

242

(1)

4QJubileesd (4Q219 [4QJubd])

242

(1)

4QJubileesf (4Q221 [4QJubf])

243

(1)

3QJubilees (3Q5 [3QJub])

244

(1)

2QJubileesa (2Q19 [2QJuba])

244

(1)

4QJubileesf (4Q176, fragments 19--21 [4QJubf])

244

(1)

1QJubileesa (1Q17 [1QJuba])

245

(1)

1QJubileesb (1Q18 [1QJubb])

245

(1)

2QJubileesb (2Q20 [2QJubb])

245

(1)

4QPseudo-Jubileesc (4Q227 [4QpsJubc])

245

(1)

Books of Enoch

246

(14)

4QEnocha (4Q201 [4QEna ar])

246

(2)

4QEnochb (4Q202 [4QEnb ar])

248

(2)

4QEnochc (4Q204 [4QEnc ar])

250

(4)

4QEnochd (4Q205 [4QEnd ar])

254

(2)

4QEnoche (4Q206 [4QEne ar])

256

(2)

4QEnochf (4Q207 [4QEnf ar])

258

(1)

4QEnochg (4Q212 [4QEng ar])

258

(2)

The Book of Giants

260

(3)

1QBook of Giantsa (1Q23 [1QEnGiantsa ar])

260

(1)

4QBook of Giantsa (4Q203 [4QEnGiantsa ar])

260

(1)

4QBook of Giantsb (4Q530 [4QEnGiantsb ar])

261

(1)

4QGiantsc (4Q531 [4QEnGiantsc ar])

262

(1)

6QBook of Giants (6Q8 [6QEnGiants ar])

262

(1)

Book of Noah

263

(2)

1QNoah (1Q19 [1QNoah])

263

(1)

4QElect of God (4Q534 [4QMess ar])

263

(1)

4QAramaic N (4Q535)

263

(1)

4QAramaic C (4Q536)

264

(1)

Books of the Patriarchs

265

(11)

Visions of Jacob

265

(1)

4QApocryphon of Jacob (4Q537 [4QAJa ar])

265

(1)

Aramaic Testament of Judah

265

(1)

3QTestament of Judah (?) (3Q7 [3QTJuda?])

265

(1)

4QApocryphon of Judah (4Q538 [4QAJu ar])

265

(1)

Aramaic Testament of Joseph

266

(1)

4QApocryphon of Joseph (4Q539 [4QAJo ar])

266

(1)

Aramaic Testament of Levi

266

(5)

1QAramaic Levi (1Q21 [1QTLevi ar])

266

(1)

4QAramaic Levia (4Q213 [4QTLevia ar])

266

(2)

4QAramaic Levib (4Q214 [4QTLevib ar])

268

(1)

4QAaronic Text A = Testament of Levic (?)

269

(1)

(4Q540 [4QAhA = 4QTLevic])

269

(1)

4QAaronic Text A = Testament of Levid (?)

269

(1)

(4Q541 [4QAhA = 4QTLevid ?])

269

(1)

4QTestament of Naphtali (4Q215 [4QTNaph])

270

(1)

Aramaic Testament of Qahat

271

(1)

4QTestament of Qahat (4Q542 [4QTQahat ar])

271

(1)

Visions of Amram

272

(3)

4QVisions of Amrama (4Q543 [4QcAmrama ar])

272

(1)

4QVisions of Amramb (4Q544 [4QcAmramb ar])

273

(1)

4QVisions of Amramc (4Q545 [4QcAmramc ar])

274

(1)

4QVisions of Amrame (4Q547 [4QcAmrame ar])

274

(1)

4QVisions of Amramf (4Q548 [4QcAmramf ar])

275

(1)

Hur and Miriam

275

(1)

4QWork Mentioning Hur and Miriam (4Q549)

275

(1)

Pseudo-Moses

276

(6)

Words of Moses

276

(1)

1QWords of Moses (1Q22 [1QDM])

276

(1)

Pseudo-Moses

277

(3)

1QLiturgy of the Three Tongues of Fire (1Q29)

277

(1)

4QApocryphon of Moses A (4Q374 [4QapocrMoses A])

278

(1)

4QApocryphon of Moses B (4Q375 [4QapocrMoses B])

278

(1)

4QLiturgy of the Three Tongues of Fire (4Q376)

279

(1)

4QPseudo-Mosesb (?) (4Q387a)

279

(1)

4QPseudo-Mosesc (4Q388 [4QpsMosesc])

279

(1)

4QPseudo-Mosesd (4Q389 [4QpsMosesd])

280

(1)

Pseudo-Moses Apocalypse

280

(1)

4QPseudo-Moses Apocalypsee (4Q390 [4QpsMosese])

280

(1)

Other texts

281

(1)

2QApocryphon of Moses (?) (2Q21 [2QapMoses ?])

281

(1)

Pseudo-Joshua

282

(2)

4QPsalms of Joshuaa (4Q378 [4QPsJoshuaa])

282

(1)

4QPsalms of Joshuab (4Q379 [4QPsJoshuab])

283

(1)

Pseudo-Samuel

284

(1)

4QVision of Samuel (4Q160 [4QVisSam])

284

(1)

6QApocryphon of Samuel-Kings (6Q9)

284

(1)

Pseudo-Jeremiah

285

(1)

4QApocryphon of Jeremiah C (4Q385b [4QapocrJer C)

285

(1)

4QApocryphon of Jeremiah D (4Q387b [4QapocrJer D)

285

(1)

Pseudo-Ezekiel

286

(2)

4QPseudo-Ezekiela (4Q385 [4QpsEza])

286

(2)

Pseudo-Daniel

288

(3)

Pseudo-Daniel

288

(1)

4QPseudo-Daniela (4Q243 [4QpsDana ar])

288

(1)

4QPseudo-Danielb (4Q244 [4QpsDanb ar])

288

(1)

4QPseudo-Danielc (4Q245 [4QpsDanc ar])

289

(1)

Prayer of Nabonidus

289

(1)

4QPrayer of Nabonidus (4Q242 [4QPrNab ar])

289

(1)

Daniel-Susannah (?)

289

(2)

4QDaniel-Susannah (?) (4Q551)

289

(2)

Aramaic Proto-Esther

291

(2)

4Q550

291

(1)

4QProto-Esthera (4QPrEsthera ar])

291

(1)

4QProto-Estherb (4QPrEstherb ar])

291

(1)

4QProto-Estherc (4QPrEstherc ar])

291

(1)

4QProto-Estherd (4QPrEstherd ar])

291

(1)

4QProto-Esthere (4QPrEsthere ar])

292

(1)

4QProto-Estherf (?) (4QPrEstherf ar (?)])

292

(1)

Tobit in Aramatic and Hebrew

293

(8)

4QTobita (4Q196 [4QToba ar])

293

(2)

4QTobitb (4Q197 [4QTobb ar])

295

(2)

4QTobitc (4Q198 [4QTobc ar])

297

(1)

4QTobitd (4Q199 [4QTobd ar])

297

(1)

4QTobite (4Q200 [4QTobe Hebr])

297

(4)

POETIC TEXTS

301

(104)

Apocryphal psalms

303

(14)

Apocryphal psalms included in copies of the biblical psalter

303

(8)

4QPsalmsf (4Q88 [4QPsf])

303

(1)

11QPsalmsa (11Q5 (11QPsa])

304

(6)

11QPsalmsb (11Q6 [11QPsb])

310

(1)

Independent collections of apocryphal psalms

311

(6)

4QNon-Canonical Psalms A (4Q380)

311

(1)

4QNon-Canonical Psalms B (4Q381)

312

(5)

The Hymns

317

(54)

1QHymnsa (1QHodayotha [1QHa])

317

(44)

1QHymnsb (1Q35 [1QHb])

361

(1)

4Q427 (4QHodayota [4QHa])

362

(5)

4Q428 (4QHodayotb [4QHb])

367

(1)

4Q429 (4QHodayotc [4QHc])

367

(2)

4Q430 (4QHodayotd [4QHd])

369

(1)

4Q431 (4QHodayote [4QHe])

370

(1)

Hymns against demons

371

(8)

Songs of the Sage

371

(5)

4QSongs of the Sagea (4Q510 [4QShira])

371

(1)

4QSongs of the Sageb (4Q511 [4QShirb])

371

(5)

Psalms of exorcism

376

(1)

11QApocryphal Psalmsa (11Q [11QPsApa])

376

(1)

Incantations

376

(3)

4QAgainst Demons (4Q560)

378

(1)

Wisdom poems

379

(20)

4QWiles of the Wicked Woman (4Q184)

379

(1)

4QSapiential Work (4Q185)

380

(2)

4QCryptic A: Words of the Sage to the Sons of Dawn (4Q298)

382

(1)

4QSapiential Work (4Q413)

382

(1)

4QSapiential Work Ab (4Q416 [4QSap. Work Ab])

383

(2)

4QSapiential Work Ac (4Q417 [4QSap. Work Ac])

385

(3)

4QSapiential Work Aa (4Q418 [4QSap. Work Aa])

388

(5)

4QSapiential Work B (4Q419 [4QSap. Work B])

393

(1)

4QSapiential Work C (4Q424 [4QSap. Work C])

393

(1)

4QMessianic Apocalypse (4Q521)

394

(1)

4QWisdom Text with Beatitudes (4Q525 [4QBeat])

395

(4)

Other compositions

399

(6)

1QMysteries (1Q27 [1QMyst])

399

(1)

4QMysteriesa (4Q299 [4QMysta])

400

(1)

4QMysteriesb (4Q300 [4QMystb])

400

(1)

4QMysteriesc (4Q301 [4QMystc])

401

(1)

3QHymn (3Q6)

401

(1)

4QApocryphal Lamentations A (4Q179 [4QapocrLam A])

401

(1)

4QLiturgy (4Q409)

402

(1)

4QBenediction (4Q500)

402

(1)

4QApocryphal Lamentations B (4Q501)

403

(1)

5QCurses (5Q14)

403

(1)

6QAllegory of the Vine (6Q11)

403

(1)

6QHymn (6Q18)

404

(1)

8QHymn (8Q5)

404

(1)

11QHymnsa (11Q15)

404

(1)

LITURGICAL TEXTS

405

(38)

Daily prayers

407

(4)

4QDaily Prayersa (4Q503 [4QPrQuot])

407

(4)

Festival Prayers

411

(3)

1QFestival Prayers (1Q34 [4QPrFetes])

411

(1)

4QFestival Prayersa (4Q507 [4QPrFetesa ?])

411

(1)

4QFestival Prayersb (4Q508 [4QPrFetesb])

412

(1)

4QFestival Prayersc (4Q509 [4QPrFetesc])

412

(2)

Words of the Luminaries

414

(5)

4QWords of the Luminariesa (4Q504 [4QDibHama])

414

(4)

4QWords of the Luminariesb (4Q505 [4QDibHamb])

418

(1)

4QWords of the Luminariesc (4Q506 [4QDibHamc])

418

(1)

Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice

419

(13)

4QSongs of the Sabbath Sacrificea (4Q400 [4QShirShaba])

419

(1)

4QSongs of the Sabbath Sacrificeb (4Q401 [4QShirShabb])

420

(1)

4QSongs of the Sabbath Sacrificec (4Q402 [4QShirShabc])

420

(1)

4QSongs of the Sabbath Sacrificed (4Q403 [4QShirShabd])

421

(3)

4QSongs of the Sabbath Sacrificee (4Q404 [4QShirShabe])

424

(2)

4QSongs of the Sabbath Sacrificef (4Q405 [4QShirShabf])

426

(4)

11QSongs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (11Q17 [11QShirShab])

430

(2)

Blessings and curses

432

(6)

1QRule of the Blessings (1Q28b [1QSb])

432

(2)

4QBlessingsf (4Q280 [4QBerakotf])

434

(1)

4QPurification Rules Ba (4Q275 [4QTohorot Ba])

434

(1)

4QBlessingsa (4Q286 [4QBerakota])

434

(1)

4QBlessingsb (4Q287 [4QBerakotb])

435

(1)

4QBless, Oh my Soula (4Q434 [4QBareki Napshia])

436

(1)

4QBless, Oh my Soulc (4Q436 [4QBareki Napshic])

437

(1)

6QBenediction (6Q16)

437

(1)

Other texts

438

(5)

1QLiturgical Texts ? (1Q30)

438

(1)

1QLiturgical Text ? (1Q31)

438

(1)

1QHymnic Compositions ? (1Q37)

438

(1)

1QHymnic Compositions ? (1Q38)

438

(1)

1QHymnic Compositions ? (1Q39)

438

(1)

4QLiturgical Work (4Q392)

438

(1)

4QGrace after Meals (4Q434a)

439

(1)

4QBaptismal Liturgy (4Q414)

439

(1)

4QRitual of Marriage (4Q502)

440

(1)

4QRitual of Purification (4Q512)

441

(2)

ASTRONOMICAL TEXTS, CALENDARS AND HOROSCOPES

443

(16)

Astronomical Enoch

445

(6)

4QAstronomical Enochb (4Q209 [4QEnastrb ar])

445

(1)

4QAstronomical Enochc (4Q210 [4QEnastrc ar])

445

(4)

4QAstronomical Enochd (4Q211 [4QEnastrd ar])

449

(2)

Calendars and priestly rotas

451

(5)

4QPhases of the Moon (4Q317 [4QAstrCrypt])

451

(1)

4QBrontologion (4Q318 [4QBr ar])

451

(1)

4QCalendrical Document A (4Q320 [4QCalendrical Doc A])

452

(2)

4QCalendrical Document Ba (4Q321 [4QCalendrical Doc Ba])

454

(1)

4QCalendrical Document Eb (4Q327 [4QCalendrical Doc Eb])

455

(1)

Horoscopes

456

(3)

4QHoroscopes (4Q186)

456

(1)

4QAramaic Horoscope (4Q561 [4QHor ar])

456

(3)

THE COPPER SCROLL

459

(6)

3QThe Copper Scroll (3Q15)

461

(4)

LIST OF MANUSCRIPTS FROM QUMRAN

465

(47)

Biblical manuscripts

467

(3)

Non-Biblical manuscripts

468

(2)

Biblical manuscripts

470

(2)

Non-Biblical manuscripts

471

(1)

Biblical manuscripts

472

(1)

Non-Biblical manuscripts

472

(1)

Biblical manuscripts

473

(35)

Non-Biblical manuscripts

483

(25)

Biblical manuscripts

508

(1)

Non-Biblical manuscripts

508

(1)

Biblical manuscripts

509

(1)

Non-Biblical manuscripts

509

(1)

Biblical manuscripts

510

(1)

Unidentified manuscripts

510

(1)

Biblical manuscripts

510

(1)

Non-Biblical manuscripts

511

(1)

Biblical manuscripts

511

(1)

Non-Biblical manuscripts

512

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The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated

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