Democracy Promotion and Foreign Policy Identity and Interests in US, EU and Non-Western Democracies

Democracy promotion is an established principle in US and EU foreign policies today, but how did it become so? In focusing on the promotion of democracy, this comparative study explores one of the most controversial foreign policy phenomena of our time. Drawing on a broad range of examples, from established Western models to fledgling democracies, Huber identifies the triggers and hindrances for democracy promotion and analyses the factors that have driven the United States and the European Union to include democracy promotion as an established principle into their foreign policies today.

Why are democratic principles not always applied coherently, and why has democracy promotion varied so decisively over time and space? These questions prove critical in Huber's examination of three democratic promoters in their respective regions, at a time when democracy promotion first made inroads and emerged as an established foreign policy: the United States in Central and South America in the late 1970s and 1980s; the European Union in the Mediterranean neighbourhood in the 1990s and 2000s; and Turkey in the Middle East since the early 2000s. This study contributes to a more rigorous academic discussion of democracy, offering a comparative study that bridges the US-European divide.

Daniela Huber is a researcher at the Istituto Affari Internazionali, Rome. Her research is focused primarily on the Mediterranean and the Middle East, as well as Turkey and the European Union's eastern neighbours programs. She holds a PhD from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, a Masters in International Relations from the Free University of Berlin, and has previously worked for the United Nations.

PART I: DEMOCRACY PROMOTION – WHO DOES WHAT AND WHY?
1. Who Promotes Democracy? The Protagonists
2. What is Democracy Promotion? The Explanandum
3. Why is Democracy Promoted? The Argument
PART II: THE US AND DEMOCRACY PROMOTION IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA IN THE LAST PERIOD OF THE COLD WAR
4. The Return of Democracy Promotion to US Foreign Policy
5. A Decade of Crisis in Central and South America
6. The Unearthing of a Democratic Role Identity and its Activation in a Grand Foreign Policy Debate
PART III: THE EU AND DEMOCRACY PROMOTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION SINCE THE END OF THE COLD WAR
7. The EU's Approach to Democracy Promotion and its Ups and Downs in the Mediterranean Region
8. The EU's New Security Environment
9. The Formation of a Democratic Role Identity, its Hype and Subsequent Stumbling
PART IV: TURKEY AND DEMOCRACY PROMOTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION SINCE THE EARLY 2000S
10. The Emergence of Democracy Promotion in Turkish Foreign Policy
11. The De-securitization of Foreign Policy
12. Turkey's Evolving Democratic Role Identity and its Activation Through Two Relevant Others
Conclusions