Democracy and Social Peace in Divided Societies Exploring Consociational Parties

Presenting a new framework for analysing the intra-party representation and accommodation of ethnic diversity, Bogaards proposes the concept of the 'consociational party' to reveal how consociationalism within parties differs from that among parties.

This unique comparative study examines minority representation and power sharing, in Canada, Fiji, India, Kenya, Malaysia, South Africa, and Yugoslavia, and notes why this matters for social peace and democracy. Case studies of the (former) ruling parties in these diverse societies show how consociational parties struggle with the dual role of representation and accommodation, weakening their performance. Consociational parties have a narrow support base, tend to be dominated by one group, provide conflict management only when in power, benefit from majoritarian institutions, and are associated with democratic decline, breakdown, and even dictatorship. These differences have so far gone unnoticed in the literature, but are brought out by Bogaards' systematic empirical analysis.

Matthijis Bogaards is Professor of Political Science at Jacobs University Bremen, Germany.

Introduction
1. The Consociational Party
2. The Alliance Model
3. The Congress Model
4. Non-democratic Consociational Parties
5. From Inter- to Intraparty Consociationalism in South Africa?
6. The Origins and Institutional Environment of Consociational Parties
Conclusion