National Assessments of Educational Achievement: Developing Tests and Questionnaires for a National Assessment of Educational Achievement

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ISBN: 9780821374979 | 0821374974
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/1/2008

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Developing Tests and Questionnaires for a National Assessment of Educational Achievement is the second in this series designed to help build capacity in carrying out technically adequate assessments of national levels of student achievement. It introduces readers to the activities involved in the development of achievement tests, and includes developing an assessment framework, writing multiple choice and constructed response type items, pretesting, producing test booklets, and handscoring items.

Preface	p. xi
About the Authors and Editors	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xv
Abbreviations	p. xvii
Constructing Achievement Tests
Introduction	p. 3
Developing an Assessment Framework	p. 9
The Test Blueprint or Table of Specifications	p. 10
Validity	p. 16
Test Language	p. 16
Item Format	p. 17
Student Population to Be Assessed	p. 24
Reporting Results	p. 24
Contexts	p. 25
Item Writing	p. 27
Item Difficulty	p. 29
Item Bias	p. 30
Stimulus Material	p. 30
Item Format	p. 33
Practice Items	p. 45
Item Layout and Design	p. 46
The Item-Writing Team	p. 52
Item Panels	p. 55
Other Reviewers	p. 57
Tracking Items	p. 58
Pretesting Items	p. 61
Designing the Pretest Form	p. 64
Printing and Proofreading the Pretest	p. 68
Implementing the Pretest	p. 70
Scoring the Pretest	p. 71
Reliability	p. 76
Selecting Test Items	p. 79
Producing the Final Test	p. 85
Designing the Final Test	p. 85
Printing and Proofreading	p. 88
Hand-Scoring Test Items	p. 91
Constructing Questionnaires	p. 97
Designing Questionnaires	p. 99
Questionnaire Content	p. 102
Questionnaire Blueprint	p. 105
Questionnaire Items	p. 105
Item Format	p. 108
Language of the Questionnaire	p. 109
Respondents	p. 109
Questionnaire Administration	p. 110
Data Analysis Plan	p. 111
Item Writing for Questionnaires	p. 113
Questions	p. 114
Statements	p. 114
Response Categories	p. 115
Managing Sensitive Issues	p. 117
Questionnaire Layout	p. 117
Reviewing Questionnaires	p. 119
Coding Questionnaire Responses	p. 121
Preparing Questionnaires for Data Entry	p. 123
Coding Missing or Ambiguous Responses	p. 123
Matching Questionnaires and Test Data	p. 125
Student Questionnaires	p. 125
Parent Questionnaires	p. 126
Teacher and Head-Teacher Questionnaires	p. 126
Designing a Manual for Test Administration	p. 127
The Test Administrators' Manual	p. 129
Contents of the Manual	p. 130
Use of the Manual	p. 131
Features of a Manual	p. 132
How Much Detail Is Necessary?	p. 132
Practice Questions	p. 134
Tryout	p. 134
Review	p. 137
The Test Administrator	p. 139
Choice of Test Administrator	p. 139
Following Instructions	p. 140
Quality Assurance	p. 142
Administrator's Checklist	p. 142
Informing Schools About the National Assessment	p. 145
Glossary	p. 147
Further Reading	p. 153
Examples of Test and Questionnaire Items and Administration Manuals on CD	p. 157
Index	p. 163
Boxes
Papua New Guinea Mathematics Curriculum	p. 11
New Zealand English Curriculum	p. 11
Examples of Multiple-Choice Items	p. 18
Example of a Closed Constructed-Response Item	p. 19
Examples of Open-Ended Short-Response Items	p. 19
Example of an Essay Prompt	p. 20
Example of Irrelevant Stimulus Material	p. 32
Example of an Item with Inaccurate or Misleading Information	p. 33
Example of a Multiple-Choice Item	p. 34
Punctuation in Complete Sentences	p. 35
Punctuation in a List	p. 35
Minimizing Reading	p. 36
Item with a Negative Stem	p. 36
Poorly Paired Distractors	p. 37
Dealing with Pairs in Distractors	p. 37
Confusing Open-Ended Item with Unclear Directions	p. 40
Good Example of a Closed Constructed-Response Item	p. 41
Item with Partial Credit	p. 42
Example of an Open-Ended Response Item with Scoring Guide	p. 43
Example of a Closed-Constructed Item with Scoring Guide	p. 44
Using Pictures to Reduce Words	p. 48
Keeping Images Simple	p. 49
Labeling Graphs Clearly	p. 49
Labeling Maps Clearly	p. 50
Leaving Space in the Stimulus Material	p. 51
Example of Style Sheet for Item Writers	p. 54
Example of an Item in Multiple-Choice and Open-Ended Format	p. 71
Example of a Data Entry Sheet for a Pretest	p. 73
Example of a Test Cover Page	p. 86
Attitudes and Values Questionnaire Blueprint	p. 106
Poor Alignment of Boxes and Response Categories	p. 118
Better Alignment of Boxes and Response Categories	p. 118
Grayscale Coding Example	p. 122
Example Treating Items as Separate Categories for Data Entry	p. 122
Administration Manual Instructions	p. 133
Information for Teachers and Principals	p. 134
Administration of Practice Items	p. 135
Administration Checklist: An Example from the Philippines	p. 143
Figures
National Assessment Organizational Chart	p. 4
Overview of National Assessment Activities	p. 5
Example of Circular Linking of Items	p. 65
Model for Vertically Linking Items	p. 66
Guide to CD Materials on Tests, Questionnaires, and Manuals	p. 158
Tables
National Assessment Stages in Test Development and Questionnaire Design	p. 6
Blueprint for a Middle Primary Mathematics Test	p. 13
TIMSS Mathematics Blueprint, Grades 3 and 4	p. 14
Papua New Guinea Mathematics Content Blueprint	p. 15
Advantages and Limitations of Item Formats	p. 23
Papua New Guinea Mathematics Test-Item Formats	p. 24
Link Items in Two Reading Units	p. 67
Part of a Spreadsheet for Tracking Items across Forms	p. 68
Example of Output from Analysis of a Multiple-Choice Item	p. 80
Example of Output from Analysis of an Open-Ended Partial-Credit Item	p. 81
Components of Questionnaire Development	p. 101
Functions of Reading in an International Study: Weights Used to Create Two New Variables, "Reading for a Utilitarian Purpose" and "Reading for Enjoyment"	p. 107
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National Assessments of Educational Achievement: Developing Tests and Questionnaires for a National Assessment of Educational Achievement

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