Development of Auditory and Vestibular Systems-3: Molecular Development of the Inner Ear

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ISBN: 9780121531577 | 0121531570
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/26/2003

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Thanks to advances in genetics and genomics, research on inner ear development has flourished. Better approaches and experimental models have shed light on the function of a variety of vertebrate genes and their related proteins. This latest volume of Current Topics in Developmental Biology delves into this new research to show how the discovery of more genes involved in the development of the inner ear leads to the generation of new models that examine a wealth of issues -- from the origins of human deafness to the roles of genes during inner ear induction, development and differentiation. The wide variety of experimental approaches will help readers to understand the broad range of issues related to inner ear morphogenesis and other concepts from complementary areas of investigation. This state-of-the-art overview will be essential reading for researchers, clinicians and students alike.

Contributors

xiii

Foreword

Introduction

xvii

1 Molecular Conservation and Novelties in Vertebrate Ear Development

B. Fritzsch and K.W. Beisel

I. Introduction

(2)

II. Overview of Ideas Related to Ear Evolution

(2)

III. Making the Ear: Implementing and Expanding Genes for Ear Morphogenesis

(5)

IV. Evolution of the Ear: Molecular Origin of Mechanosensory Cells Predates Formation of the Ear

(2)

V. Developmental Molecular Biology of Hair Cell and Sensory Neuron Formation

(9)

VI. Evolution of Sensory Neurons: Heterochronic Alteration of HLH Gene Regulation

(1)

VII. Guidance of Afferent Fibers: The Role of Hair Cells and Other Mechanisms Revisited

(6)

VIII. Survival of Afferents: Evolving a Novel Mechanism and Expanding it to Fit the Increasing Complexity of Ear Development

(4)

IX. Splitting Hair Cell and Neuron Populations: Coevolving Sensory Epithelia and Their Innervation

(1)

X. Summary and Conclusions: Evolving Developmental Mechanisms

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(11)

2 Use of Mouse Genetics for Studying Inner Ear Development

Elizabeth Quint and Karen P. Steel

I. Introduction: The Genetic Revolution

(4)

II. Early Morphogenesis of the Inner Ear

(5)

III. Development of the Neuroepithelium

(20)

IV. Concluding Remarks

(1)

References

(10)

3 Formation of the Outer and Middle Ear, Molecular Mechanisms

Moisés Mallo

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Basic Anatomical and Embryological Overview

(3)

III. Genetic Determinants of Outer and Middle Ear Development

(18)

IV. Concluding Remarks

107

(1)

References

108

(8)

4 Molecular Basis of Inner Ear Induction

Stephen T. Brown, Kareen Martin, and Andrew K. Groves

I. Introduction

116

(2)

II. Inner Ear Induction in Fish

118

(9)

III. Inner Ear Induction in Amphibians

127

(1)

IV. Inner Ear Induction in Birds

128

(3)

V. Inner Ear Induction in Mammals

131

(4)

VI. Perspectives on Inner Ear Induction

135

(6)

VII. Conclusions

141

(1)

Acknowledgments

142

(1)

References

142

(10)

5 Molecular Basis of Otic Commitment and Morphogenesis: A Role for Homeodomain-Containing Transcription Factors and Signaling Molecules

Eva Bober, Silke Rinkwitz, and Heike Herbrand

I. Introduction

152

(1)

II. Patterning of the Inner Ear Anlagen

152

(10)

III. Transcription Factors and Diffusible Signals: A Complex Network

162

(3)

IV. Patterning and Morphogenesis

165

(5)

V. Conclusions

170

(1)

Acknowledgments

171

(1)

References

171

(7)

6 Growth Factors and Early Development of Otic Neurons: Interactions between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Signals

Berta Alsing, Fernando Giraldez, and Isabel Varela-Nieto

I. Introduction

178

(1)

II. Early Development of Cochlear (Auditory) and Vestibular Neurons

179

(8)

III. Extrinsic Factors in Inner Ear Neurogenesis: Fibroblast Growth Factor, Nerve Growth Factor, and

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Families of Growth Factors

187

(10)

IV. Conclusions

197

(1)

Acknowledgments

197

(1)

References

197

(11)

7 Neurotrophic Factors during Inner Ear Development

Ulla Pirvola and Jukka Ylikoski

I. Neurotrophic Factors

208

(1)

II. The Neurotrophin System

208

(9)

III. The Gual Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Family

217

(2)

IV. Conclusions

219

(1)

Acknowledgment

219

(1)

References

219

(6)

8 FGF Signaling in Ear Development and Innervation

Tracy J. Wright and Suzanne L. Mansour

I. Introduction

225

(7)

II. Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Ear Development

232

(19)

III. Conclusions and Future Directions

251

(1)

Acknowledgments

252

(1)

References

252

(10)

9 The Roles of Retinoic Acid during Inner Ear Development

Raymond Romand

I. Introduction

262

(1)

II. Metabolism of Retinoids and Their Receptors

263

(2)

III. Expression of Retinoic Acid Metabolic Enzymes and Receptors in the Developing Inner Ear

265

(4)

IV. Is Retinoic Acid Involved in Otic Placode Induction?

269

(2)

V. Retinoids as Morphogens during Early Embryogenesis

271

(7)

VI. Retinoic Acid and Patterning Genes during Inner Ear Development

278

(2)

VII. Retinoic Acid and Hair Cell Differentiation

280

(2)

VIII. Concluding Remarks

282

(1)

Acknowledgment

283

(1)

References

283

(11)

10 Haig Cell Development in Higher Vertebrates

Wei-Qiang Gao

I. Morphogenesis of the Mammalian Inner Ear

294

(1)

II. Control of Hair Cell Differentiation by Specific Genes

294

(16)

III. Production and Regeneration of New Hair Cells in Mature Inner Ears

310

(2)

IV. Conclusion

312

(3)

Acknowledgments

315

(1)

References

315

(7)

11 Cell Adhesion Molecules during Inner Ear and Hair Cell Development, Including Notch and Its Ligands

Matthew W. Kelley

I. Introduction

322

(1)

II. Adhesion Molecules

323

(7)

III. Adhesion Molecules and Development of the Inner Ear

330

(15)

IV. Summary

345

(1)

Acknowledgments

346

(1)

References

346

(12)

12 Genes Controlling the Development of the Zebrafisk Inner Ear and Hair Cells

Bruce B. Riley

I. Introduction

358

(1)

II. General Course of Zebrafisk Otic Development

359

(1)

III. Otic Induction

359

(8)

IV. Patterning of the Placode and Early Vesicle

367

(6)

V. Development of Sensory Epithelia

373

(5)

VI. Auditory and Vestibular Function

378

(2)

VII. "Conclusions and Prospects

380

(1)

References

381

(9)

13 Functional Development of Hair Cells

Ruth Anne Eatock and Karen M. Hurley

I. Introduction

390

(1)

II. Maturation of Function

390

(5)

III. Development of Mechanoelectrical Transduction

395

(11)

IV. Developmental Acquisition of Basolateral Ion Channels

406

(19)

V. Outer Hair Cell Electromotility

425

(2)

VI. Interactions between Developing Hair Cells and Innervating Nerve Fibers

427

(6)

VII. Summary and Concluding Remarks

433

(1)

Acknowledgments

434

(1)

References

434

(15)

14 The Cell Cycle and the Development and Regeneration of Hair Cells

Allen F. Ryan

I. Introduction

449

(1)

II. The Cell Cycle and the Regulation of Cell Proliferation

450

(3)

III. Hair Cell Development and Regeneration

453

(2)

IV. Cell Cycle Events during Hair Cell Development

455

(4)

V. The Cell Cycle during Hair Cell Regeneration

459

(3)

VI. Conclusions

462

(1)

Acknowledgments

462

(1)

References

463

(4)

Index

467

(16)

Contents of Previous Volumes

483

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Development of Auditory and Vestibular Systems-3: Molecular Development of the Inner Ear

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Development of Auditory and Vestibular Systems-3: Molecular Development of the Inner Ear

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