Dielectric Spectroscopy of Polymeric

Beginning with a complete discussion of the fundamentals of dielectric spectroscopy, this book examines in detail the methods used in data modeling and in such specialized techniques as high-frequency dielectric measurements and thermally stimulated currents. The book covers applications in arange of polymeric systems including solutions, blends, and liquid crystals.

Contributors

xiii

(2)

Preface

xv

Fundamentals of Dielectric Materials

3

(136)

1. Theory of Dielectric Properties

3

(64)

Graham Williams

Equilibrium Theory

7

(9)

Dynamic Behavior: Phenomenological Theory

16

(7)

Dynamic Behavior: Molecular Theory

23

(30)

Concluding Remarks

53

(14)

2. Broadband Dielectric Measurement Techniques

67

(14)

F. Kremer

M. Arndt

Measurement Systems in the Frequency Domain

67

(7)

Measurement Systems in the Time Domain

74

(2)

Analysis of Frequency-Domain Dielectric Data

76

(1)

Conclusion

77

(4)

3. Dielectric Properties of Amorphous Polymers

81

(26)

A. Schonhals

Dipole Moments in Polymers and Basic Relations

82

(4)

XXX-Relaxation in Amorphous Polymers

86

(2)

XXX-Relaxation in Amorphous Polymers

88

(5)

Relationship of the XXX- and XXX-Relaxation: The (XXX)-Process

93

(4)

Dielectric Normal-Mode Relaxation

97

(3)

Relationship of XXX-Relaxation and Normal-Mode Relaxation

100

(7)

4. Dielectric Spectroscopy of Semicrystalline Polymers

107

(32)

Richard H. Boyd

Fuguo Liu

Experimental

108

(1)

Morphology of Semicrystalline Polymers

108

(2)

Signatures of Relaxations in Semicrystalline Polymers

110

(7)

Phase Properties from Specimen Measurements

117

(1)

Mixing Equations for Lamellar Structures

118

(3)

Interpretation of Amorphous-Phase Relaxation Processes

121

(7)

Crystal-Phase XXX-Process in Polyethylene

128

(4)

Appendix: Effects of Ionic Conductance on Measured Dielectric Constant and Loss

132

(7)

Modeling and Techniques

139

(122)

5. Calculation of Dipole Moments and Correlation Parameters

139

(36)

Ricardo Diaz-Calleja

Evaristo Riande

Dipole Moments

140

(2)

Excluded Volume Effects

142

(2)

Theoretical Calculations

144

(2)

Statistical Averages

146

(1)

Conformational Energies

147

(1)

Dipolar Correlation Coefficient

148

(1)

Dependence of Dipolar-Correlation Coefficient and Dipole Moments on Structure of Polymer Chains

149

(17)

Dipolar Correlation Coefficients and Relaxation Strengths in Polymers in Bulk

166

(4)

Static and Dynamic Correlation Coefficients

170

(5)

6. Unbiased Modeling of Dielectric Dispersions

175

(26)

S. Havriliak, Jr.

S. J. Havriliak

Relaxation Functions

177

(10)

Unbiased Regression Methods

187

(3)

Examples of Unbiased Analyses

190

(4)

Examples of Biased Analysis

194

(2)

Conclusions

196

(5)

7. Application High-Frequency Dielectric Measurements of Polymers

201

(26)

Satoru Mashimo

Time-Domain Reflectometry

203

(2)

Dielectric Relaxation Due To Micro-Brownian Motion Described by KWW Function

205

(3)

Micro-Brownian Motion in Aqueous Solution

208

(4)

Molecular Motions of Polyelectrolyte Solutions

212

(8)

Dielectric Behavior of Biopolymers with Helical Structures

220

(4)

Dielectric Behavior of Globule Proteins

224

(3)

8. Thermally Stimulated Currents of Polymers

227

(34)

G. Teyssedre

S. Mezghani

A. Bernes

C. Lacabanne

Principle

228

(1)

Analysis

229

(8)

Experimental

237

(1)

Characterization of Polymeric Materials

237

(13)

Prediction of Dielectric Properties

250

(5)

Conclusion

255

(6)

Application of Dielectric Spectroscopy to Polymer Systems

261

(184)

9. Dielectric Relaxation in Polymer Solutions

261

(22)

Keiichiro Adachi

Dipole Moment of Polymer Chains

262

(3)

Dielectric Relaxation of Type-A Chain in Solution

265

(9)

Dielectric Study of Type-B Chains

274

(9)

10. Dielectric Studies of Polymer Blends

283

(20)

James P. Runt

Amorphous Blends

284

(7)

Crystalline Blends

291

(12)

11. Dielectric Monitoring of Polymerization and Cure

303

(26)

David E. Kranbuehl

Instrumentation

305

(1)

Theory

306

(1)

Isothermal Cure

307

(4)

Monitoring Cure in Multiple Time-Temperature Processing Cycles

311

(3)

Monitoring Cure in a Thick Laminate

314

(4)

Monitoring Cure of Coatings, Films, and Adhesives

318

(4)

Intelligent Automated-Sensor Cure Control

322

(7)

12. Dielectric Properties of Polymeric Liquid Crystals

329

(50)

George P. Simon

Dielectric Relaxation of Side-Chain LC Polymers

334

(31)

Dielectric Relaxation of Main-Chain Polymeric Liquid Crystals

365

(6)

Conclusions

371

(8)

13. Dielectric Properties of Fluoropolymers

379

(16)

Peter Avakian

Howard W. Starkweather, Jr.

John J. Fontanella

Mary C. Wintersgill

Semicrystalline Polymers Based on Tetrafluoroethylene

380

(6)

Teflon AF

386

(1)

Poly(perfluoropropylene oxide)

387

(3)

Effect of Guest Molecules in PTFE

390

(2)

Conclusions

392

(3)

14. Dielectric Studies of Polymeric Nonlinear Optical Materials

395

(28)

C. Y. Stacey Fu

Mark H. Ostrowski

Hilary S. Lackritz

Background

397

(9)

Experimental Techniques

406

(5)

Results and Discussions

411

(8)

Conclusions

419

(4)

15. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy on Collective and Molecular Dynamics in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals

423

(22)

F. Kremer

Experimental

424

(3)

Results and Discussion

427

(16)

Conclusions

443

(2)

Subject Index

445

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Dielectric Spectroscopy of Polymeric Materials Fundamentals and Applications

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Table of Contents

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Dielectric Spectroscopy of Polymeric Materials Fundamentals and Applications

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Table of Contents

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