Dietary Nutrients, Additives and Fish Health

Fish nutrition can be the deciding factor between a robust and healthy farmed fish population and low aquaculture production. In an age where chemicals and antibiotics are under greater scrutiny than ever, a strong understanding of the role of nutrients and feed additives is essential in the aquaculture industry.

Dietary Nutrients, Additives and Fish Health is a comprehensive review of dietary nutrients, antinutritional factors and toxins, and non-nutrient dietary additives, and their effects on fish performance and immune system function, as well as overall health.

The book opens with an overview of fish immune systems and health. Subsequent chapters delve into proteins and amino acids, lipids and fatty acids, carbohydrates, beta glucans, vitamins, minerals, antinutrients, mycotoxins, nucleotides, prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids and their salts, and plant extracts and their impacts on fish health, growth, and development. The text then concludes with a chapter on feeding practices.

Authored by leaders in aquaculture, Dietary Nutrients, Additives and Fish Health will be an invaluable resource to graduate students, researchers and professionals alike.

Cheng-Sheng Lee is the Director of the Center for Tropical and Subtropical Aquaculture, NIFA-USDA at Oceanic Institute of Hawaii Pacific University, HI, USA.

Chhorn Lim is a Nutrition Scientist at the United States Department of Agriculture’s Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory in Auburn, Alabama, USA.

Delbert M. Gatlin III is Regents Professor and Associate Department Head for Research and Graduate Programs in the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences at Texas A&M University, Texas, USA.

Carl Webster is Center Director/Research Leader of the USDA-ARS Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR, USA.

List of Contributors ix

Preface xiii

Acknowledgements xv

1 Overview of Fish Immune System and Infectious Diseases 1
Craig Shoemaker, De-Hai Xu, Benjamin LaFrentz, and Scott LaPatra

2 Protein, Amino Acids, and Ingredients 25
Carl D. Webster and Kenneth R. Thompson

3 Lipids and Fatty Acids 47
Douglas R. Tocher and Brett D. Glencross

4 Carbohydrates 95
Gro-Ingunn Hemre and Dong-Fang Deng

5 β-Glucans 111
Ann L. Gannam

6 Vitamins (Excluding C and E) 125
Shi-Yen Shiau and Yu-Hung Lin

7 The Effect of Vitamin C on Fish Health 151
Viviane Verlhac Trichet, Ester Santigosa, Eve Cochin, and Jacques Gabaudan

8 Vitamin E 173
Marisol Izquierdo and Mónica Betancor

9 Minerals 195
Carl D. Webster and Chhorn Lim

10 Antinutrients 211
Åshild Krogdahl and Anne Marie Bakke

11 Mycotoxin Contamination of Fish Feeds 237
Bruce B. Manning

12 Nucleotides 249
Peng Li, Jianmin Zhao, and Delbert M. Gatlin III

13 Prebiotics 271
Delbert M. Gatlin III

14 Gastrointestinal Microorganisms of Fish and Probiotics 283
Viswanath Kiron

15 Organic Acids and Their Salts 305
Chhorn Lim, Christian Lückstädt, Carl D. Webster, and Phillip Kesius

16 Plant Extracts 321
Galina Jeney, Lourens De Wet, Zsigmond Jeney, and Guojun Yin

17 Feeding Practices and Fish Health 333
Chhorn Lim, Carl D. Webster, and Cheng-Sheng Lee

Index 347

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