Disability and Disadvantage

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ISBN: 9780199698417 | 0199698414
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 12/15/2011

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This book offers a much-needed investigation of moral and political issues concerning disability, and explores how the experiences of people with disabilities can lead to reconsideration of prominent positions on normative issues. Thirteen new essays examine such topics as the concept ofdisability, the conditions of justice, the nature of autonomy, healthcare distribution, and reproductive choices. The contributors are Norman Daniels, Ellen Daniels Zide, Leslie P. Francis, Christie Hartley, Richard Hull, Guy Kahane, F. M. Kamm, Rosalind McDougall, Jeff McMahan, Douglas MacLean,Susannah Rose, Anita Silvers, Julian Savulescu, Lorella Terzi, David Wasserman, and Jonathan Wolff.

Abbreviations	p. xii
Notes on Contributors	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
The Welfarist Account of Disability	p. 14
The Everyday Concept	p. 17
The Species Norm Account	p. 18
'Germans' and 'Krauts'	p. 20
The Social Model Account	p. 21
The Welfarist Account	p. 23
The Relation of the Welfarist Account to the Everyday Concept of Disability	p. 31
The Relation of the Welfarist Account to the Social and Species-Norm Views	p. 33
Well-being, Social Arrangements, and the Social Model	p. 35
Objections to the Welfarist Account	p. 42
Well-being, Disability, and Ability	p. 45
The Welfarist Account at Work	p. 47
Conclusion	p. 52
Disability, Adaptation, and Inclusion	p. 54
Introduction	p. 54
Brain Injury, Impairment, and Adaptation: Two Cases	p. 57
Health State Evaluations and the Standard Story	p. 62
Implications for Conceptualizing Disability	p. 72
Implications for Advocacy	p. 80
References	p. 82
Vagaries of the Natural Lottery? Human Diversity, Disability, and Justice: A Capability Perspective	p. 86
Introduction	p. 86
Human Diversity, Normality, and Difference in the Social Model of Disability	p. 89
A Capability Perspective on Impairment and Disability	p. 94
Justifying the Capability Perspective on Impairment and Disability	p. 104
References	p. 109
Disability among Equals	p. 112
Egalitarian Thought and Disability Policy	p. 114
The Good Society	p. 116
Creating Opportunities and Remedying Disadvantage	p. 123
The Nature of Disability	p. 125
Choice of Strategies of Reasons for Personal Enhancement	p. 127
Reasons for Status Enhancement	p. I30
Disability and Social Policy	p. 132
Anti-Discrimination	p. 134
Conclusion	p. 135
References	p. 136
An Inclusive Contractualism: Obligations to the Mentally Disabled	p. 138
The Exclusion of the Mentally Disabled	p. 140
The Nature of Contractualist Cooperation	p. 141
From Fair Cooperation to Membership in Society	p. 145
Cooperation and the Mentally Disabled	p. 147
Conclusion	p. 161
No Talent? Beyond the Worst Off! A Diverse Theory of Justice for Disability	p. 163
Outlying	p. l65
The Dilemma	p. 167
Three Strategies for Justice	p. 169
Justice for Talent	p. 192
Conclusion	p. 198
Understanding Autonomy in Light of Intellectual Disability	p. 200
	p. 201
Autonomy as Descriptive and Normative, not Metaphysical	p. 203
Being a Subject of Justice	p. 208
Autonomy and Responsibility	p. 211
Summary	p. 214
Respect without Reason: Relating to Alzheimer's	p. 216
Patients with Mid-Stage Alzheimer's	p. 217
Relating to Alzheimer's Patients and Relating to Pets	p. 219
Identity and Advance Directives	p. 222
Autonomy and Critical Interests	p. 227
Autonomy and the Capacity to Value	p. 229
Valuing, Memory, and a Normative Conception of Oneself	p. 231
Respecting Human Beings	p. 235
Radical Cognitive Limitation	p. 240
The Radically Cognitively Limited	p. 240
Are Cognitively Limited Human Beings Disabled?	p. 242
Misfortune as a Matter of Species Membership	p. 249
Equality and Priority	p. 253
Disability, Discrimination, and Irrelevant Goods	p. 260
General Background to Fairness and Outcome	p. 262
QALYs and DALYs	p. 268
The Principle of Irrelevant Goods	p. 272
Larger Disabilities and the Principles of Irrelevant Goods and Treatment Aim	p. 275
More Grounds for not Ignoring Disabilities When Allocating Scarce Resources	p. 286
The Causative Principle	p. 291
Treatment Aim Principle Modified	p. 294
Intrapersonal Quality/Quantity Tradeoffs	p. 295
Problems for the Causative Principle	p. 298
The Principle of Irrelevant Identity	p. 301
Causal and Component Role of Identity in Relation to the Principle of Irrelevant Identity Once Again	p. 305
Views of Discrimination and a Decision Procedure	p. 309
Intransitivities	p. 313
The Supererogation Argument	p. 314
Ethical Constraints on Allowing or Causing the Existence of People with Disabilities	p. 319
The Ideal of Unconditional Welcome	p. 325
Allowing and Causing Impairment and the Ideal of Unconditional Welcome	p. 328
Justifying Unavoidable Impairments	p. 333
Tension between Unconditional Welcome and Justification	p. 339
An Additional Challenge for Justified Selectivity	p. 342
An Additional Challenge for Unconditional Welcome	p. 346
Conclusion	p. 348
Impairment, Flourishing, and the Moral Nature of Parenthood	p. 352
A Virtue-Based Approach to Reproductive Ethics	p. 354
A Case of Selecting for Impairment	p. 358
Two Understandings of the Characteristics Compatible with a Child's Flourishing	p. 361
Implications Beyond Selection for Impairment	p. 364
Conclusion	p. 367
Projected Disability and Parental Responsibilities	p. 369
Index	p. 385
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Disability and Disadvantage

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