Disability, Society, and the Individual

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ISBN: 9780834216013 | 0834216019
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 8/1/2000

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Utah State Univ., Logan. Textbook looks at the disability experience from the perspective of the individual and discusses how disabilities are viewed by society. Considers the relationship between these two viewpoints. Includes discussion questions, learning activities, suggested readings and first-person accounts. Softcover.

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations and Terms List

Introduction

xiii

PART I---DEFINITIONS OF DISABILITY

(68)

Defining Disability

(30)

Does Anyone Know What ``Normal'' Is?

(1)

The Link between the Academic Discipline of Statistics and Eugenics

(4)

Categorizing Disabilities

(2)

Physical Disabilities

(5)

Intellectual Disabilities

(1)

Cognitive Disabilities

(1)

Psychiatric Disabilities

(1)

Does Everyone Have a Disability of Some Sort?

(2)

There Are More Disabilities Than Ever Before

(13)

Models of Disability: The Medical Model, The Environmental Model, and The Functional Model

(36)

What Are Models of Disability?

(9)

Models of Disability, American Legislation, and Agencies That Serve Persons with Disabilities

(1)

Dichotomy or Continuum?

(2)

Additional Categories of Disabilities

(2)

The Americans with Disabilities Act: Equal Opportunity under the Law

(3)

The ADA Definition of Disability

(5)

Results of the ADA

(1)

Talking about Disability

(4)

Labels That Attempt To Describe All Those Different from the Majority

(9)

PART II---SOCIETY AND DISABILTY

(154)

Sources of Prejudice and Discrimination, Part 1

(30)

Societal Prejudices Often Become Self-Identifiers

(1)

Prejudice against People with Disabilities today in the United States

(2)

The Outcomes of the ADA

(2)

The Economic Threat

(7)

The Safety Threat

(2)

The Ambiguity of Disability

(3)

The Salience of the Perceived Defining Nature of the Disability

(2)

Spread or Overgeneralization

(11)

Sources of Prejudice and Discrimination, Part 2

101

(36)

Moral Accountability for the Cause of Disability

101

(6)

Moral Accountability for the Management of the Disability

107

(2)

The Inferred Emotional Consequence of the Disability, or Difficult Does Not Mean Tragic

109

(3)

Society's Emphasis on Health, Fitness, and Beauty

112

(3)

Fear of Acquiring a Disability or Existential Angst, or ``There But for the Grace of God Go I''

115

(6)

Three Societal Responses to Disability

121

(6)

Civil Rights for PWDs

127

(1)

What is Justice?

128

(9)

The Effects of Prejudice and Discrimination

137

(46)

Are Disabilities Viewed as Difference or as Deviance?

137

(2)

Are PWDs ``Differently Challenged''?

139

(2)

Do Disabilities Always Lead to Social Inferiority?

141

(3)

Handicapism

144

(2)

The Handicapism of Well-Intentioned People

146

(2)

The Contact Theory

148

(2)

Equal Social Status Contact

150

(4)

Perceptions of the Disability That May Be Associated with Prejudice

154

(1)

The Degree of Visibility of the Disability

154

(4)

Other Factors That Influence the Perception of PWDs

158

(1)

``Disabled Heroes'' or ``Super Crips''

159

(2)

The Drawbacks To Having Disabled Heroes

161

(3)

Aesthetic Qualities of the Disability

164

(2)

Impression Management

166

(1)

Simulation Exercises

167

(16)

Experiencing Prejudice and Discrimination

183

(40)

Introduction

183

(1)

Stereotyping

184

(4)

Role Entrapment

188

(3)

Lowered Expectations, or ``Let's Give Those Poor Disabled People a Break''

191

(1)

Lack of Privacy

192

(2)

Hypervisibility and Overobservation

194

(3)

Solo Status

197

(2)

Token Status

199

(1)

Paternalism

200

(3)

Infantilization

203

(1)

Viewing PWDs as Objects

204

(2)

Viewing PWDs as Animals

206

(3)

Unnecessary Dependence

209

(5)

Equal Social Status Relationships

214

(3)

Second-Class Citizenship (For Which Americans Must Assume Collective Responsibility)

217

(6)

PART III---THE INDIVIDUAL AND DISABILITY

223

(122)

The Individual's Response to Disability

225

(36)

View from the Outside Versus Life on the Inside

227

(1)

Acceptance of Disability or Response to Disability

228

(2)

What Is a ``Good'' Response to a Disability?

230

(1)

Cognitive Restructuring

231

(1)

What Is a Poor Response to a Disability?

232

(1)

Secondary Gains, Malingering, and Psychogenic Pain Disorder

233

(2)

Problems in Measuring an Individual's Response to a Disability

235

(5)

The Stage Model of Adaptation to Disability

240

(1)

The Stages of Response in Disability

241

(4)

Advantages of the Stage Theory

245

(1)

Cautions in Implementing the Stage Theory

246

(7)

Appendix 7-A: First-Person Narratives of People with Disabilities

253

(1)

Appendix 7-B: Acceptance of Disability Scale

254

(7)

The Onset and Diagnosis of the Disability

261

(40)

Factors That Affect the Impact of the Onset of Disability

261

(2)

Time of Onset

263

(1)

Parents of Children with Congenital Disabilities

264

(4)

Atypical Childhood Experiences

268

(2)

Hearing Children of Parents Who Are Deaf

270

(2)

Prelingual Deafness

272

(2)

Congenital Blindness or Blindness Acquired in Infancy

274

(1)

Residential Schools

275

(2)

Acquired Disabilities

277

(3)

The Developmental Stage of Acquisition

280

(7)

Type of Onset

287

(2)

The Impact of a Long Prediagnosis Period

289

(12)

Other Factors of the Disability

301

(44)

The Course of the Disability

302

(2)

The Phases or Stages of the Course of the Disability

304

(4)

Degenerating Episodic Disabilities

308

(2)

Communication Difficulties

310

(1)

The Meaning of the Loss of Functioning

311

(2)

Severity of the Disability

313

(1)

Quality of Life

314

(2)

Pain and Trauma of the Disability

316

(1)

Chronic Pain

317

(1)

Psychogenic Pain Disorder

318

(1)

More About Pain

319

(1)

The Degree of Stigma Directed toward the Disability

319

(3)

The Degree of Visibility of the Disability``

322

(3)

Degree of Disfigurement of the Disability

325

(1)

Body Image

325

(1)

Disfigurements as Social Handicaps

326

(2)

The Treatment of Individuals with Disfiguring Disabilities

328

(3)

Treatment

331

(3)

The Perspective of the Client/Consumer

334

(2)

What Do PWDs Want from Professional Care Providers?

336

(1)

Conclusion

337

(8)

List of Sources

345

(2)

Index

347

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Disability, Society, and the Individual

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials