Disjunctivism: Disjunctive Accounts in Epistemology and in the Philosophy of Perception

Does perception provide us with direct and unmediated access to the world around us? The so-called "argument from illusion " has traditionally been supposed to show otherwise: from the subject's point of view, perceptual illusions are often indistinguishable from veridical perceptions; hence, perceptual experience, as such, cannot provide us with knowledge of the world, but only with knowledge of how things appear to us. Disjunctive accounts of perceptual experience, first proposed by John McDowell and Paul Snowdon in the early 1980s and at the centre of current debates in the philosophy of perception, hotly debated today, have been proposed to block this argument. According to the traditional view, a case of perception and a subjectively indistinguishable illusion or hallucination can exemplify what is fundamentally the same kind of mental state even though they differ in how they relate to the non-mental environment. According to the disjunctive account, by contrast, the concept of perceptual experience should be seen as essentially disjunctive, encompassing (at least) two distinct kinds of mental states, namely genuinely world-involving perceptions and mere appearances. This book presents seven recent essays on disjunctivism first published in Philosophical Explorations in 2010 and 2011. This book was originally published as a special issue of Philosophical Explorations: An International Journal for the Philosophy of Mind and Action.