The Domestic Architecture of Detlef Lienau, a

This is the first biography ever published about Detlef Lienau, the Beaux-Arts-trained architect who in the mid-1800s introduced the French style of design to wealthy patrons of American Victorian architecture.

Table of Contents

5

(4)

List of Illustrations

9

(6)

Foreword

15

(4)

Editor's Prologue

19

(5)

Author's Dedication

24

(1)

Author's Preface

25

(8)

Author's Introduction

33

(3)

Part I. Background

Lienau's Background and Education

36

(27)

Lienau's Early Years

36

(8)

Schooling and Years of Apprenticeship

German Architectural Background: Berlin, Hamburg, Munich

Paris: Atelier of Henri Labrouste, 1842-C.1846

44

(9)

Architectural Climate of the 1830s and '40s

Lienau's Student Drawings, 1842-1846

First Job and Early European Commissions

53

(7)

Draftsman for the Paris-Lyons Railroad, c.1847

Other Work

Altona Hospital Competition, 1847

Lienau Comes to America

60

(3)

New York in the Mid-Century

63

(19)

Lienau's Arrival in New York

63

(1)

Michael Lienau, the Boorsems, and Van Vorsts

64

(2)

New York in 1849

66

(16)

First Impressions

New York Architecture

Summary

Part II Early Work; The 1850s

First Commissions

82

(12)

Cottage for Michael Lienau, Jersey City, c.1849

82

(3)

Description of Jersey City

85

(2)

Grace Church (Van Vorst), Jersey City, 1850-1853

87

(4)

Unexecuted Church Projects

91

(3)

Lienau and the Origins of die Second Empire Style in the United States

94

(20)

Lienau and Marcotte, c. 1852-1854

94

(5)

Leon Marcotte: Furniture Designer and Decorator

The Development of ``French Taste''

The Shiff House, New York, 1850-c.1852

99

(15)

The Client: Hart M. Shiff

The Cadre: Fifth Avenue

Stylistic Innovations

Description of the House

Summary

Early Suburban and Resort Houses

114

(27)

Introduction

114

(1)

The Cottenet Villa, Dobbs Ferry, New York, 1852

114

(8)

Suburban Houses in New Jersey

122

(4)

Miller House, Jersey City, 1852

Mayo House, Elizabeth, c.1855-1856

Toler House, Newark, c.1859

The Kane Villa (1852) and the Beginnings of ``Cottage Life'' in Newport, Rhode Island

126

(15)

Development of Newport as a Resort

DeLancey Kane and the Astors

Architectural Background of the 1840s

Beach Cliffe and Other Early ``Cottages''

Summary

Part III. Work of the 1860s and Early `70s

Town and Country Houses

141

(51)

Introduction

141

(1)

The Schermerhorn Houses, West Twenty-third Street, New York

142

(15)

Description of Twenty-third Street

The Schermerhorns

Literary Sources

William C. Schermerhorn Residence, c. 1858-1859

Edmund Schermerhorn Residence, c. 1867-1869

The Terrace: Colford Jones Block, Fifth Avenue, 1868-1870

157

(17)

Introduction

Description

Historical Importance

Summary and Conclusion

A Country Estate: The Lockwood Mansion, Norwalk, Connecticut, c.1864-1868

174

(16)

Introduction

Description and Analysis

Later History of the Mansion

Two Houses in Germany

190

(2)

Urban Housing of the Early 1870s

192

(18)

Middle Class Housing

192

(10)

Introduction

The Suburban Row House: Booraem Block, Jersey City, 1871

The French Flat: Background

The Schermerhorn Apartments, Third Avenue, New York, 1870-1871

Upper Class Housing

202

(8)

The Apartment Hotel: The Grosvenor, Fifth Avenue, 1871-1872

The Clubhouse: American Jockey Club, Madison Avenue, 1871

Part IV. Summary, Late Work, and Conclusion

Lienau's Stylistic Development

210

(30)

Summary: Stylistic Development, 1850-1872

210

(3)

Lienau's Late Work: The`70s and'80s

213

(1)

Country Houses

213

(6)

Bech House, Poughkeepsie, New York, c.1875

Anglesea, Newport, Rhode Island, c.1880

The Living Hall Plan

219

(8)

Wilks Residence, Blair, Ontario (Canada), 1872-1873

Williams Cottage, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1883

City Houses

227

(11)

Mosle Residence, West Fifty-first Street, New York, 1878-1879

Howland Residence, West Eighteenth Street, New York, 1881-1882

Row Houses on New York's Upper West Side, 1883-1886

Lienau's Work: An Index to the Growth of the City

238

(2)

Conclusion

240

(14)

Lienau's Influence

240

(6)

Lienau's Place in American Architecture

246

(4)

The Victorian Period Reconsidered

250

(4)

Endnotes

254

(162)

Introduction

254

(2)

Chapter I

256

(13)

Chapter II

269

(15)

Chapter III

284

(4)

Chapter IV

288

(12)

Chapter V

300

(12)

Chapter VI

312

(17)

Chapter VII

329

(7)

Chapter VIII

336

(7)

Chapter IX

343

(6)

Part V. Appendices and Bibliography

Appendix I. Resume of Detlef Lienau: Catalog of Student Drawings and Early European Commissions, 1836-1847

349

(2)

Appendix II. Chronological List of Work by Detlef Lienau

351

(13)

Appendix III. Detlef Lienau: A Bibliographic Catalog

364

(7)

Appendix IV. Bibliography

371

(45)

Architecture and the Arts in the 19th Century

371

(13)

Architecture and Culture in the Eastern Part of the United States in the Second Half of the 19th Century

384

(19)

New York City in the Second Half of the 19th Century

403

(13)

Editor's Epilogue

416

(5)

About the Author

421

(3)

About the Editor

424

(3)

Index to Text Pages

427

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The Domestic Architecture of Detlef Lienau, a Conservative Victorian

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials