Dream, Creativity, and Madness in

Those wishing to know the nature of madness, wrote Voltaire, should observe their dreams. This is an important new analysis of the problematic relationship between dreams and madness that preoccupied nineteenth-century French writers, thinkers, and doctors. Tony James shows how doctors (such as Esquirol, Lélut, and Janet), thinkers (including Maine de Biran and Taine), and writers (Balzac, Nerval, Baudelaire, Victor Hugo, and Rimbaud) grappled in very different ways with the problems raised by the so-called "phenomena of sleep" and particularly the question: might dreams be a source of creativity?

Acknowledgements	p. vii
Abbreviations	p. xi
Notes on the Text	p. xii
Introduction	p. 1
Somnambulism and Ecstasy 1789-1829	p. 11
Introduction	p. 13
Somnambulism, Natural and Magnetic	p. 14
Philosophers and Doctors	p. 27
Le Globe and the Intervention of History	p. 40
Hallucination and Hallucinators 1830-1860	p. 67
Introduction	p. 69
The Word 'Hallucination' in Fiction After 1830	p. 74
The Beginnings of Retrospective Medicine	p. 84
Green Jam, Writing, and Madness: Moreau De Tours, Gautier, and Baudelaire	p. 98
Gérard De Nerval: The Status of Dream in Aurélia	p. 130
Pathological or 'Physiological'? Hallucination in Mid-Nineteenth-Century France	p. 145
Dream, Madness, and Creativity	p. 151
Introduction	p. 153
'Artistic Hallucination' from Brierre De Boismont to Taine	p. 158
'Observers of Sleep'	p. 169
Dream and the 'Doubling of Personality'	p. 184
Victor Hugo and the 'Headland of Dream'	p. 196
Towards 1900	p. 213
Introduction	p. 215
Memory and Identity: L'Homme Qui Rit	p. 222
Avatars of the Self	p. 234
1900: Creation and Somnambulism	p. 262
Conclusion	p. 272
Biographical Notes	p. 277
Bibliography	p. 285
Index	p. 299
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Dream, Creativity, and Madness in Nineteenth-Century France

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